HUMPHREYS' 

ERINARY MANUAL 





LIST OF 

HUMPHREYS' 

^5 7 VETERINARY REMEDIES 

Price of 

Single Bottle 

A A For Fevers, Congestions and Inflamma- 
•■'"'•tions, as of the Lungs or Pleura, Inflammation of 
the Head or Brain, Eyes, or of the Liver or Belly; 
Sore Throat or Quinsy; Blind or Belly Staggers, or 
Convulsions: Hot Skin: Quick Pulse; Chill or 
Panting; Milk Fever in Cows - -.60 

T> O For Diseases of the Tendons, Ligaments, 

JD«JJC^» or Joints; Founder. Curb, Strains, Stiffness, Lame- 
ness, Rheumatism, Splint, Stirle - .60 

f* /"^ For Diseases of the Glands, Epizootic, 

^-'•V-»« Distemper in Horses or Sheep; Nasal Cleet: Dis- 
charges from the Nose; Swelled Glands; Scab in 
Sheep; Distemper in Dogs ------ .60 

Y~\ r\ For Worm Diseases; eradicates them 

'■"'•■'-''•from the system; either Bots or Grubs, Long, Round 

Pin, or Tape- Worms, Colic or emaciation from Worms .60 

EC For Diseases of the Air-passages; Cough, 
•*-•• Influenza, Heaves, Broken Wind or Whistles, Thick 
Wind, Inflamed Lungs with quick panting hard or 
difficult Breathing .60 



¥7 17 For Colic, Spasmodic, "Wind, or Inflam- 

* •» • matory Colic; Belly-ache ; (b'ipes, Hoven or Wind- 
Blown; Diarrhea, or Dysentery; Liquid or Bloody 
Dung ------- 

rf*"^ /^ To prevent Miscarriage, Casting of Foal 
^•^•or Calf, arrest Hemorrhage; throw off the after- 



.60 



1_J I_I For Diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, 

* *"* * , or Urinary Passages; as Inflammation, or Scanty; 
difficult, painful, suppressed, or bloody Urination; 
Kidney Colic - - - .60 

For Cutaneous Diseases or Eruptions, 

*• *• Grease, Thrush, Swelling.-. Abscesses, Fistidas, 

Ulcers, Unhealthy Skin, Rough Coat . .60 

1^" For Diseases of Digestion, Out of Con- 
•*•»*■• dition, and '"off his Feed"; Results of Over-Feed, 
Formerly Jaundice or Yellows: 111 Condition, Staring Coat; 

J.J. also. Paralysis, Stomach Staggers, Brittle Hoofs - .60 

STABLE CHART MAILED FREE 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 

Cor. William and Ann Sts., New York 



MANUAL 



OF 



Veterinary Homeopathy 



COMPRISING DISEASES OF 



Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, Dogs and Poultry 



AND THEIR 



Homeopathic Treatment 






F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S. 



LATE PROFESSOR. AUTHOR. ETC.. ETC. 



■f ■« ■<►— o- 



Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicine Co. 

Corner William and Ann Streets 



NEW YORK 

o 




GOLD MEDAL 



Dr. Humphreys' Remedies received medals in the Interna* 
tional Exhibitions of Hygiene. 

Centennial Exhibition Argentine Republic 1910. 
Exhibition of Hygiene United States of Brazil 1909. 
Exhibition of Hygiene Argentine Republic 1904 



©CI.A661202 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1922, 
Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicine Company in the office of 
Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



by 
the 



: 



' i 






JPR -8 1922 



PREFACE 

The world owes much to Homeopathy — more probably, 
than has ever been told, or will ever be known. Tt ii 
something to be emancipated from drugs, from lancets, 
leeches, blisters and poisons ; but it is more, to be relieved 
from the fear of them, and to be restored and preserved 
by forces mild as love, and gentle as the dews of heaven 
— forces unknown and un revealed, until elicited by the 
genius of this system. 

But these benefits are not confined to the human species. 
Animals may enjoy them as well; and heaven knows how 
much they need them. For to them the day of sickness 
is not merely the day of doom, but of suffering and of. 
torture as well. Ignorance and cruelty seem to have con- 
trolled this branch of medicine — not that men are of 
necessity careless in regard to the lives of their animals, 
or designed cruel as to the measures used to restore them 
when sick ; but so little real knowledge prevails concerning 
their diseases, and so much error as to the proper methods 
of cure, that the mostabsured and cruel measures almost 
of necessity prevail with corresponding results. Pome 
judicious stock-owners, taught by experience the fatality 
of the common methods of treatment, notwithstanding 
the torture and expense, have more humanely, if not 
more wisely, abandoned all treatment, preferring to let 
nature contend with disease alone, rather than with dis- 
ease and drugs united. But, thanks to Homeopathy, 
there is a better way. 

For many years past, Homeopathy has been applied to 
the diseases of all domestic animals in Europe, with the 
most brilliant success. In this country, and the British 
Isles, within the last few years, not only have individual 
practitioners applied its remedies with equal success, but 
some large veterinary institutions, and most of our prin- 
cipal traveling equestrian troops and menageries, employ 
it exclusively in all diseases of their horses, experience 
having shown them its great value and curative power, 
and its immense superiority over every other method, 



4 PREFACE 

But the inherent intricacies of the system rendered its 
general introduction for the cure of animals impracticable ; 
and though, in the hands of some practitioners and some 
veterinary surgeons, it worked wonders enough to show its 
astonishing capacities, yet to the masses it has remained 
a sealed book. 

The principal of Humphreys' Homeopathy, which has 
proved so efficient in popular use, we have now applied 
to the diseases of domestic animals, and, from numerous 
trials, have proved it an entire success. With this Case 
and Manual every owner of stock may know every ail- 
ment among them, and can treat it successfully. 

Not among the least benefits conferred by this new 
method is the ease and simplicity with which the proper 
medicine is administered. No tying, bottling, struggling, 
or choking are necessary. A neat little glass instrument 
(the Medicator) is put into the medicine, and takes up the 
requsite dose — a few drops — and at the proper moment, 
is placed in the mouth of the animal and discharged; in 
an instant the dose is given, and an amount of labor is 
thus saved to the owner, and of suffering to the animal, 
which is by no means trivial. Hundreds of animals 
annually die, or are rendered valueless from disease and 
drugging, that may be saved and promptly restored by 
the use of the Case of Veterinary Eemedies. Several of 
our most experienced horsemen have given it their 
unqualified commendation, and use it daily in their 
establishments. 

In the execution of this design I have consulted every 
authority and drawn upon every resource within my 
reach, and the experience of each has been made to con- 
tribute to the perfection of the whole, and all has 
been combined and compared with my many years 
of observation, study, and experience in the prac- 
tice of Homeopathy. We flatter ourselves that for sim- 
plicity, completeness, and reliability it will commend 
itself to the judgement of a discerning public. 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S. 



INTRODUCTION 



Proper and enlightened attention to the wants of 
Domestic Animals, is not only a sentiment of humanity, 
but a dictate of economy. To know at least in good part 
what is the particular ailment of an animal, and to know 
also how to relieve it, would seem to be a necessary 
obligation of ownership. The least we can return to the 
many faithful animals given us, is to provide for their 
reasonable wants, not only in health, but also in sickness 
and disease. Xot that every man who owns a horse, 
should be necessarily a veterinary surgeon; and yet the 
way is so simple that any intelligent person may readily 
cure a very large proportion, nay, almost every disease 
to which his animals are exposed, and yet bestow upon 
the subject only a moiety of attention. 

Among the many blessings that Homeopathy has 
conferred upon the world, not among the least is the 
immense improvement which it has effected in the treat- 
ment of the diseases of Domestic Animals. With but 
little variation, to meet their peculiar habits and suscep- 
tibilities, the same remedies which have been so efficient 
in mitigating and curing the disease of men, women and 
children, have been found equally successful in arresting 
the diseases to which all classes of Domestic Animals are 
liable. The contrast is even greater. Probably from the 
fact that treatment of sick animals has been but little 
understood, and intrusted to the hands mainly of ignor- 
ant persons, who have pursued the most crude, cruel and 
destructive measures, often far more dangerous and life- 
destroying than the disease itself, a large proportion of the 
sick have died or been tortured to death. But when the 
same diseases are subjected to the mild and benign influ- 
ence of intelligent Homeopathic treatment, it is found 
that almost every disease among them is within control, 
even the most fatal yielding to its magic influences. 

Although at first sight it may seem strange, that animals 
should be successfully treated by the mild and apparently 
insignificant doses of Homeopathy, yet a moihent's reflec- 
tion will suffice to give many reasons why this should be 



b INTRODUCTION 

so. Even were it not susceptible of explanation, experi- 
ence has abundantly demonstrated the fact, that animals 
are, if possible, even more susceptible to Homeopathic 
treatment than men, and its success in their case is even 
more striking and brilliant. 

This may be, perhaps, attributed to their more regular 
habits, confinement to the same food and drink, absence 
of excitement, and freedom from the many articles of 
food and drink in use among the human species, which 
are more or less medicinal. 

Owing to these circumstances, animals are very im- 
pressible, and the doses for them need not be so much 
larger than for the human species. It seems to be a law 
of nature, that the more delicate the organism, the more 
subject to disease. Wild animals are almost entirely 
exempt, while the highly artificial lives of some Domestic 
Animals render them subject to numerous ailments and 
to some very formidable diseases. Yet, as a whole, ani- 
mals are far less subject to disease than men, and far 
more amendable to cure. 

The treatment of Domestic Animals with Homeopathic 
Remedies, has numerous advantages. 

The medicines are given at once and without trouble 
or annoyance, even without taking a horse from his 
team, or a cow from her stall. They produce no poison- 
ous or prostrating effect so that the animal rallies at 
once, and without loss or deterioration of value. Animals 
recover much sooner and hence are able to resume work 
much earlier after sickness, than under any other system. 
But more than all, it is far more successful. Slighter 
diseases yield at once, and often from a single dose, while 
the most formidable cases that are almost absolutely in- 
curable under old treatment, even when well conducted, 
often respond to the curative influence of Humphreys' 
Homeopathic Remedies, while it is well known that even 
when animals recover under the old system of treatment 
such have been the ravages of disease and medicine, that 
their value and usefulness are generally destroyed. 



ADVANTAGES OF 

Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies 

OVER ANY OTHER SYSTEM, OR MODE OF 
TREATMENT FOR STOCK. 



I — Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies, are 
not an experiment. They have been in use among 
Farmers, Breeders, Livery Stable and Turfmen, Horse 
Railroad, Express, Mining and Manufacturing Com- 
panies, Menageries and Hippodromes, and others hand- 
ling large numbers of horses and other stock, with 
complete success for over sixty years. 

II— You have a remedy for any particular 
Disease or Complaint. For Colic, or Cough, 
or Founder, or Heaves, or Pneumonia, or 
Indigestion, or Disease of the Kidneys, or 
Urinary Passages, Strains, or Lameness. You 
have it in compact, portable form. You know 
just what to do, and how to do it. 

Ill— Their use is free from danger to the 
Animal. In the usual treatment, the medicines are 
either rank poisons or the most violent alteratives. It is 
a common experience, that, if the horse finally lives 
through the treatment he is worthless from the effects of 
the medicines. Thousands of good horses are every year 
killed by drugs. In Humphreys' Remedy system you 
are absolutely free from all such danger. 

IV— They are simple. Being Remedies for 
particular diseases you know at once what to give. 
You can scarcely make a mistake. Even if you do, you 
have only lost your time, and have not killed the animal. 
When using the common veterinary drugs, a mistake is 
often fatal. 



8 ADVANTAGES OF USING 

V — They are readily and easily given. You 

need not lose a moment. The Remedy is ready just as 
you want it. With the Medicator you take the dose from 
the bottle and place it upon the tongue of the animal, 
without loss of time or danger. No bottling, balling, 
choking, or strangling — irritating the animal and 
endangering the owner or his help. 

VI — They act more quickly than any other 
Medicine. Humphreys' Remedies act through the 
medium of the nerves and the blood, rather than through 
the digestive organs. They begin to act before other 
medicines even reach the stomach. 

VII — Every Ten Dollars invested in Hum- 
phreys' Veterinary Remedies will save you $100.00 
and every hundred will save a thousand in property, 
besides an equal amount in time, trouble and care. 

VIII — The saving in loss of stock is from 
one -half to three -fourths. This is the testimony 
of hundreds of horsemen. 

IX — The Treatment is humane, and if we may be 
humane as well as skillful, surely we should prefer it. 

X — Diagnosing the disease and giving of 
medicine is such, as any sensible, faithful man of 
ordinary intelligence can master without difficulty. 

We could annex Ten Thousand Testimonials of their efficacy. 



CAUTION 

^"Take care not to confound Dr. F. Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies with the spawn of imitations which 
the wonderful success of his Remedies has warmed into 
existence. Imitators have taken his labels, his doses and 
directions, and even his name, under which to impose their 
Imitations upon the public. Care should be exercised to 
avoid impositions. Several parties have reported the loss 
of valuable stock through the use of these imitations. 



DOSES 9 

Doses, How Much? 

It is an error to suppose that animals require very large 
doses of Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicines, for experi- 
ence has shown sick animals to be very impressible, and 
easily influenced by appropriate medicine, and in general, 
not to require as frequent repetitions as the human 
subject. Those who are accustomed to give large and 
powerful doses of poisonous medicines in order to produce 
some revulsive action, such as a cathartic or sudorific, or 
even as an alterative, can not from hence infer the proper 
quantity required when only a curative result is desired. 

Only experience, hence, can answer the question, How 
much? And experience has amply shown that for horses 
ten to fifteen drops is the range of doses best adapted in 
ordinary cases, and that while cattle and hogs require 
rather more, sheep and dogs require less than the 
doses mentioned. We have indicated in each disease the 
dose supposed to be best for that particular case, yet 
to give two or five drops more in any given case would 
probably not be hurtful, while to give a few drops less 
would not endanger the curative action for want of the 
requisite quantity. The truth is that precision in quan- 
tity is not indispensable to a cure. The doses indicated 
we think are best, but a deviation from them is by no 
means fatal. One physician gives much more and another 
many times less, and both are successful. Medicine 
gives a curative impulse often as well or better with five 
or ten drops as with more. Besides, in giving medicines 
to animals, from their restlessness, dodging the head, and 
other similar disturbing circumstances we can not, and 
happily need not, be very positive. Give doses as near 
directions, as you may be able, and the result will be satis- 
factory. The best and safest rule is always to follow 
directions given in book, chart, and on bottles. It is un- 
safe for you to assume that you know more than the 
man who made the medicine and has had many years 
experience and observation in using them. Young 
animals require but half as much as grown ones. 



10 REPETITIONS 

Repetitions — How often? 

The effects of Humphreys' Homeopathic Remedies are 
very prompt and positive. Often immediate, in cases of 
colic or other forms of neuralgia, as the medicine acts at 
once through the medium of the nervous system. In other 
acute cases, such as inflammations, the effect is equally as 
prompt but not so openly manifest. The medicine placed 
in contact with the nervous papilla of the tongue is at 
once by means of this connection conveyed over the entire 
system, while the stomach being a secreting rather than 
an absorbing surface, repels rather than absorbs a 
medicinal influence, so that medicines act better for being 
placed on the tongue than when they are introduced into 
the stomach. 

The time to repeat is when the good effect has terminated. 
All rules of repetition are based upon this axiom. Thus, 
in colic and inflammation of the bowels, we repeat every 
fifteen, thirty or sixty minutes. In inflammation of the 
lungs, or chest, head, or other noble organ, or in 
pneumonia or similar acute diseases, we repeat once in 
two, three or four hours. In the yet less severe forms of 
disease, such as Fevers, Founder, Strangles, Distemper, 
Lameness, or similar diseases, a dose once in four hours, 
or four times per day, is quite sufficient. While in 
Coughs, Heaves, Ulcers, Eruptions, and similar affections, 
if recent, a dose morning and night is ample. In old 
chronic affections, a dose every day, is better than more 
frequent repetitions. In most cases these Remedies con- 
tinue to act for weeks after having been given if undis- 
turbed by the use of other medicines. 

Alternation of Remedies 

In general but one medicine is required for a disease, 
and it may be repeated from time to time. But cases 
are often met with where two Remedies are indicated 
at the same time, one to meet one phase of the 
disease, and a different Remedy to meet another. 
In all such cases the two medicines are given alternately. 



ALTERNATION OF REMEDIES 11 

Thus give a dose of one Remedy and then, after the 
proper interval give the other Remedy, and thus con- 
tinue the two alternately, at such intervals as the direc- 
tions demand. Nor should we be deterred from the use 
of a remedy in a particular case, because the name given 
it indicates a different use, for a medicine may be curative 
for a particular disease, and equally so for a different or 
even seemingly opposite one. 

How to Choose the Remedy 

In the use of my Homeopathic Remedies nothing can 
be more simple than the choice of the Remedy, while in 
attempting to use the ordinary Homeopathic preparations, 
the choice of the remedy is very difficult and intricate. 
From an examination of the animal you will have some 
idea of the nature of its disease, and will at once turn to 
the Index and page in the Manual describing that and 
similar diseases. Continue the search until the true 
description is found, and the proper treatment pointed 
out. If in doubt as to the particular remedy always give 
A. A. It rarely fails to help, and prepares the way for 
other remedies when they are required and gives you 
time to think and observe. Many good practitioners 
always give A. A. first. It is not necessary that all the 
symptoms given should be present, as the Remedy in all 
cases has a wider range of action than the disease. 

If a sufficient length of time has passed to clearly show 
that no good has resulted, the case should be looked over 
again, and a more appropriate Remedy selected. 

How to give the Remedy 

Not among the least recommendations for the use of my 
Homeopathic Remedies, is the ease and facility with which 
they may be administered. No tying, struggling, or 
choking are necessary. The animal should be approached 
quietly, usually on the off side if the Medicator is to be 
used, and medicine placed, if possible, upon the tongue, 
well back—thence it is absorbed, and acts at once through 



12 HOW TO GIVE THE REMEDY 

the medium of the nervous system. The simplest medium 
of doing this is best. For this purpose the use of the 
Medicator is best — a small glass instrument invented by 
me. It is about five inches in length, made of firm, 
heavy glass tubing (see 4th cover jmge) , the lower third bent 
so as to readily enter the lips. The upper end is funnel- 
shaped the size of the end of the finger, and covered with 
an air-tight rubber cap, so as to form an air receiver. 
The Medicator, taken in the right hand, with the fore- 
finger upon the top or rubber valve, is introduced into 
the proper vial, and pressing slightly upon the valve the 
air is exhausted, and on removing the finger the fluid is 
forced up into the tube sufficient for a dose. A little 
experience will enable one to take up five, ten or more 
drops as may be required. The Medicator thus charged 
with the dose, can, at the convenient moment, be inserted 
just within the lips of the animal's mouth, the farther 
back upon the tongue the better, when a slight pressure 
upon the top of tube injects contents, and medicine is given. 
The Medicator should be held upright ; never turned 
down or held horizontally ; as the air is thus introduced 
and the medicine may drop out. Held upright until it 
is quietly inserted between the lips of the animal, no such 
difficulty occurs. Nor is it necessary to push the tube far 
enough into the mouth to expose it to the danger of being 
broken or crushed between the teeth. The moment fluid 
from tube comes upon the'tongue the animal will open its 
mouth, and in an instant the medicine is injected upon the 
tongue or in the mouth, and the operation is finished. 

In other cases the tongue may be gently hooked out of 
the mouth with the finger, and the medicine may be 
dropped or turned upon it. Horses are fond of sugar, and 
the medicine may be dropped upon a small lump, and fed 
from hand. After a few times they will call for their sugar 
when the owner comes into the stable, at the proper time.' 
"With cattle or sheep, raise the head a little and inject the 
medicine with the medicator, or pull the tongue out on 
one side, and drop or eject the medicine upon it. 



HOW TO GIVE THE REMEDY 13 

Hogs usually, when sick, lie quietly upon the side, 
and medicine may hence be injected into the mouth 
with Medicator, or be given in a spoonful of sweet milk, 
poured in between the jaws, or given them to drink. Care 
must be taken in giving fluid to hogs, not to forcibly 
raise the head, as they are easily strangled — even to death. 
Dogs may have the medicine in a little sweet milk, or it 
may be even turned in through the nose. Yet the 
Medicator is an improvement upon all these plans, as 
it takes up and discharges the proper dose at once. 

N. B. — Take off the rubber cap, and cleanse the Medi- 
cator when using it for different medicines. 

Housing and Care of Sick Animals 

When an animal shows signs of illness, it should be 
immediately cared for. The horse, unless in cases of 
very slight Colic, or other ailment, when the medicine 
be given at once, and his work continued, should be 
placed in a roomy, convenient and warm stall, well 
littered, with plenty of dry bedding, and well blanketed, 
unless in very warm weather. Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, 
as soon as it is noticed that they are sick, should be 
separated from the herd or flock, and placed in comfort- 
able, well littered and especially dry apartments. This is 
necessary not only to prevent disease spreading to other 
stock on the farm, but for the convenience of nursing them, 
giving them medicines, and also to place them in the very 
best position for a cure. Often a little timely care and 
nursing will save and restore an animal, which, if per- 
mitted to run with the stock, and take its chance, would 
unquestionably be lost. A sick animal as truly needs 
attention as a sick child. Not always will mere nursing 
restore a sick animal, but it always places it in the best 
possible condition to effect a cure, and without it the best 
medical treatment will often be fruitless. 

Diet of Sick Animals 

In general, when animals are seriously ill, they are 
without appetite, and will take little or no food — nature 



14 DIET OF' STOK ANIMALS 

thus indicating the propriety of abstinence. But in all 
cases the food given or allowed should be quite limited in 
quantity — one-half, one-third or fourth of the usual 
quantity, and only that which is nourishing, easily 
digested, and generally relaxing. With these general 
restrictions, the usual kinds of food may be permitted, 
except in the case of dogs, where only dale bread and milk 
should be allowed in urgent cases, and but little or no 
meat, and no salted or spiced food in any case. After 
the more urgent symptoms of disease have passed over, and 
the animal is recovering, we should be careful and not 
give full feed, as a relapse may thus easily be provoked, 
and prove very stubborn and dangerous. 

At least half an hour or an hour should intervene after 
taking a dose of medicine before the animal should be fed as 
the system is more susceptible then than at any other time. 

To evacuate the bowels — injections of water, soap and 
water, or salt and water are always allowable, and may 
often be used with great benefit. They are usually admin- 
istered without difficulty, in no case injurious, and should 
one fail to produce an evacuation, another or more may 
be repeated, until the result is accomplished. 

How to Feel the Pulse 

In the horse, this is best done by placing the finger on 
the artery, where it passes over the lower jaw, about four 
inches below its angle. Place the forefinger on the side of 
the lower jaw at its angle, and trace the jaw along gently 
towards the mouth. Some four inches below the angle a 
notch will be found, in which the artery pases over the 
jaw, and the throbbing of the pulse will be readily felt. 
Some attention may be required as the pulse beats in 
health slowly, and often apparently indistinctly. 

The pulse makes in the healthy horse from thirty-six 
to forty-two beats per minute; in spirited lighter horses 
the latter, and in heavy older horses the former. When 
the pulse reaches fifty to fifty-five, there is some degree of 
fever. Seventy-live will indicate a dangerous condition, 



HOW TO FEEL THE PULSE 15 

and few horses will long survive a pulse of one hundred. 
Care should be taken not to excite an animal before or 
while examining the pulse, as it may thus readily be in- 
creased ten or fifteen beats to the minute, and mislead as 
to the true condition. 

In cattle the temple is the best place to feel the pulse 
and usually runs forty-five to fifty beats per minute. 

In sheep and hogs the femoral artery which extends 
across the inside of the thigh is most easily felt. This 
should run seventy to eighty for both sheep and hogs. 

In dogs the pulse may be felt by placing two fingers on 
the inner side of the knee. Dogs run from 90 to 100 per 
minute. 

The lieart usually beats four or five times to each breath 
the animal takes (when in condition of rest). There is 
also a variation in normal temperature according to the 
animal as follows: 

Animal Normal Respiration Normal Temperature 

Horse 8 to 10 per minute 100.4 to 100.8 F 

Cattle 12 to 15 per minute 101.8 to 102 F 

Sheep, Goats 12 to 20 per minute 103.6 to 104.4 F 

Hogs 10 to 15 per minute 103.3 average 'F 

Dogs 15 to 20 per minute 100.9 to 101.7 F 

Hints for Practice 

As this Veterinary Manual may fall into the hands of 
some who are not acquainted with its use, a few practical 
hints may be of service. 

1st. Follow the directions. — Read and learn 
what the disease or condition is. — Then give the remedy 
in the doses, and aJt the intervals directed, as near as may be. 
Don't think you know more about the doses or how much 
to give, or how often to give it, than the man who origin- 
ated the system and wrote the book, and whose rules and 
observations are the result of very large experience. 

2d. Don't mix the Remedies, with other med- 
icines. They won't act if you mix them up with other 



16 HINTS FOR PRACTICE 

things; or bring the patient under the • influence of other 
drugs, however harmless you may suppose them to be. 
The sure way of safety and success, is to trust to the 
Remedies alone. You will not improve the case by resorting 
to other medicines or other measures. If the patient does 
not improve as rapidly as you desire, a little rest will do 
no harm, and the kindly reaction may come on later. 

3d. Don't be in to great haste. — Medicines 
must have time to act and time to cure. In some cases, 
such as colics, neuralgias or nervous pains, the evidence 
of good action is prompt — almost immediately. In other 
slower, less pronounced, not so decided. 

AVhen you see the patient relieved. — less pain, — more 
quiet, — more natural, — easier, then you know that the 
remedy is acting curatively, and don't interfere with it, by 
giving new doses or other remedies or medicines. Simply 
let the remedy act. Hurrying does not harry the cure. When 
a good action has begun it will continue faster when 
quietly permitted to expend its action, than if doses are 
multiplied upon it. The time to repeat the dose is when 
the action of the former has ceased or begun to decline. 
The patient is in more danger from your doing too much, 
than too little, after a good action has been set up. 

4th. Disease of the bones, joints and ligaments, only 
get well slowly. So of old chronic affections — such as 
"Spavin," "Founder," "Ringbone," "Wind galls," 
"Warts, " L or other blemishes. A new action has to be set 
up in the implicated part, often a process of absorption 
and of reformation of tissue, and time must be allowed for 
these changes, through which only a cure can be made. 
Sometimes a good reaction is only produced after some 
days or even weeks use of the remedy. Such is nature's 
way of cure and you cannot hasten it. So your true 
interest and true philosophy is, act patiently, perse veringly, 
if you would act successfully. 

5th. The action of Humphreys' Remedies 
continues a long time. 



PART I. 

Diseases of Horses 



CHAPTER I. 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN and SUBJACENT TISSUE 

Abscess — Ulcers — Fistulas 

An abscess is a collection of matter. Any tumor soften- 
ing, or in other words coming to a head, forms an [abscess. 
They are usually the result of injuries, such as a blow or 
contusion, or may be occasioned by a thorn, nail or 
splinter entering the flesh. In the more severe cases 
these act in connection with a constitutional pre-disposi- 
tion or peculiar state of the blood. 

Symptoms. — A hot and painful swelling; in the earlier 
stage, hard, and by degrees softening or fluctuating in the 
center, and gradually approaching the surface, attended 
with more or less heat and fever, according to its situation 
and nature. 

Abscesses which penetrate deeply along the sheaths of 
muscles and tendons, or even to the bones are termed 
fistulas. Shallow abscesses are known as ulcers, and 
these may be mild, readily healing, and secreting a 
healthy, thick, cream-like pus; or ill-conditioned, un- 
healthy, secreting a thin sanious discolored matter, and 
healing with great difficulty. Such are the general 
characteristics of all abscesses, wherever located, and 
their situation and extent mark their relative importance 
and danger. 

Treatment. — During the inflammatory stage or before 
softening, while there is merely a hard, more or less hot 
and painful tumor, we should endeavor to disperse it 
without its softening. To this end, give three times per 



18 DISEASES OF THE SKIN 

day, ten drops of A. A., and also bathe the tumor afi 
often with Humphreys' Makvel Witch Hazel which 
will frequently disperse it. 

But if the swelling increases and fluctuates, or a yellow- 
ish spot is observed in its center, denoting the presence 
of matter, it should be lanced at once, in the most depend- 
ing portion, and the matter drawn off, and fifteen drops 
of the 1. 1., should be given morning and night to 
facilitate the healing. Apply the Veterinary Oil to the 
cut or open sore with end of the finger, three times per 
day, to facilitate the healing. 

For Ulcers or Sores, apply the Veterinary Oil, as 
above. 

In fistulas where the canal is long and crooked, or runs 
into cavities of pus, it may be laid open with the knife, 
so as to heal from the bottom, or better, the Veterinary 
Oil may be injected daily, with a small syringe, or the Oil 
may be inclosed in a gelatine capsule and gently pressed 
down into the bottom of the cavity, after having pressed 
out the accumulated matter. The use of the capsule 
(which may be had for a trifle at the druggists, or from 
this Company), is the safest and most convenient. 

Abscess of the Poll, Poll Evil 

Is often from neglect a very formidable disease. It is 
generally the result of severe injury upon the top of the 
head, such as the chafing of the bridle or halter, pressure, 
or a blow against the manger or stall, or frequent hanging 
back against the headstall. 

Symptoms. — At first a tumor forms at the polls or junc- 
tion of the head and neck. It soon becomes hot, tense 
and painful ; the horse carries his head low ; looks to one 
side ; eats but little from the pain of chewing, especially 
if the food is hard. If the tumor is not dispersed, it 
comes to a head, either discharges externally, or the 
matter failing to come to the surface, sinks downward, 
burrowing along beneath the surface among tendons, 
ligaments and bones, forming deep and obstinate fistulous 
ulcers. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 19 

Treatment. — Before the tumor has softened, give the 
A. A., fifteen drops three times per day, keep the horse 
on low diet, and bathe the swelling frequently with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel. This course will 
usually disperse the swelling or should it fail to do so 
will limit it to the smallest possible extent. 

If the tumor has come to a head, is soft or fluctuating, 
lance it at once, evacuate the contents, and give fifteen 
drops of the 1. 1., morning and night, apply Humphreys' 
Veterinary Oil three times per day to the sore. For 
old neglected cases apply the Veterinary Oil, and give 
I.I., daily. 

Fistula of the Withers — Sweeny 

This disease very mueh resenables Poll Evil in the tex- 
tures involved and the difficulty in curing it. It begins 
with an inflammation of the connecting tissues of the 
spinous processes of the dorsal vertebras and the ultimate 
formation of an abscess. Being confined by the fascia or 
ligamentous structures, the matter cannot find its way to 
the surface, but forms sinuses or pipes, and by the force 
of gravity, burrows down among the muscles which con- 
nect the shoulder with the trunk. Sometimes it consists 
of a cyst filled with a serum, and then is easy to cure. 
As the muscles of the withers are connected with all the 
movements of the neck as well as the back and legs, the 
disease rapidly increases, and the inflammation extends; 
the shoulder becomes lower, the ligaments, cartilage, 
and spinous process are involved, and extensive mischief 
ensues. 

Cause. — A badly fitting saddle, and most commonly a 
side-saddle, which, pressing on the spinous processes of 
the vertebra?, produces first soreness and subsequent 
inflammation. 

Symptoms. — Swelling and tenderness either on the top 
of the withers or a little on one side of the spinal process 
at that point ; and in a short time fluctuation under the 
$nger, Should the skin fcave been, much bruised, a cir- 



20 DISEASES OF THE SKIN 

cular portion sloughs out and leaves an unhealthy looking 
sore, from which there is a discharge, and on further 
examination with a probe we find a cyst from which there 
is only one outlet, or we find fistulous ducts ( "pipes," in 
farriers' language) leading in various directions. In 
many more advanced cases we only discover a hard tumor 
on the withers, which will neither suppurate nor dis- 
appear by resolution, and to which, although coming 
under the head of Fistulous Withers, the term is evidently 
inappropriately applied. 

Treatment. — First remove the cause by taking off and 
quite altering the bearing of the saddle. If the swelling 
is recent and does not fluctuate, thoroughly rub in the 
Veterinary Oil, repeating the operation every day, giving 
a dose of B.B. also morning and night. If a cyst exists 
and fluctuation is perceptible, it must be opened at the 
most dependent portion, and the matter drawn off, and 
the part rubbed with the Veterinary Oil, and a portion 
of it injected into the sack or opening every day. If long 
pipes or sinuses exist, they must also be opened and the 
Veterinary Oil injected. Give also, morning and night, 
I.I. daily. 

Dropsy 

While dropsy is not a common disease in the horse it is 
sometimes met with ; particularly in horses which are fed 
on the refuse from sugar factories and distilleries. 

It may be caused from improper feeding, or may be 
only a symptom of some other disease, particularly dis- 
eases of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. 

Dropsy is a morbid accumulation of watery fluid con- 
fined to certain parts of the body. The disease is divided 
into varieties corresponding to the respective localization 
of the accumulated water, as for instance, anasarca 
(water in the skin); ascites (water in the abdomen); 
hydro thorax (water in the chest). 

Symptoms. — In the first form (anasarca) it is first 
noticed on the lower parts of the body, as the legs, under 



DISEASES OP HORSES 21 

surface of the chest, etc. The skin is swollen and doughy 
to the touch and retains the impression of the fingers; 
but is neither painful nor of abnormally high temperature. 

In ascites there is a gradual enlargement of the abdomen 
and when pressed upon, the fluid can be felt to flow from 
side to side and the part with the water gives a dull sound 
on being struck. Breathing is quicker and impeded and 
the appetite diminished, but there is no fever. 

In hydro thorax the symptoms are much the same 
except that it takes place in the region of the chest 
instead of the abdomen. 

Treatment. — It will generally be relieved by giving the 
H.H., in doses of fifteen drops three times per day for 
trifling cases, or ten drops every three hours for the more 
severe ones. After a free discharge of urine is established, 
giving the medicine three times per day will be sufficient. 

Eczema 

(See also Mange page 23) 

In the horse, eczema represents practically all forms of 
skin disease except the parasitic and is seen in the follow- 
ing forms and regions. 

1 — A form seen in hot weather and variously known as 
herpes, lichen, summer or saddle mange, and heat pimples. 
This occurs under the harness where sweating is most 
profuse, at first as scabby pimples, after which the hair 
sticks together and falls, leaving scaly bare patches. 

2 — Then there is a form of scaly eczema which attacks 
the head, neck, shoulders, elbows, etc. This is a chronic 
form, with the production of branny scales with thicken- 
ing of the skin accompanied by itching. 

3 — A pustular form which attacks chiefly the skin under 
the mane and tail. The skin is raw and weeping, while 
the hair mats together in masses and falls and there is 
a tendency to the chronic scaly form. 

4 — Eczema attacking the legs is known as mallenders 
and sallenders if on the back of the knee, or the front of 
the hock, while if above the heels, in the bend of the 



22 DISEASES OF THE SKIN 

pastern it is known as grease. This ia characterized by 
heat, swelling and redness, followed by a vesicnlated 
weeping surface with the formation of a greasy, offensive 
discharge, scabs and cracks in the skin, followed by loas 
of hair. Sometimes the irritant secretion gives rise to 
production of fungus wart-like granulations, known as 
"grapes'' accompanied by great thickening of the skin 
and swelling of the limbs. 

Eczema probably comes from both external and internal 
causes. Among the external causes are improper groom- 
ing and cleansing of the skin, exposure of the animal to 
constant rain and the use of irritant soap. Grease may 
be caused by clipping the hair about the fetlock in cold 
weather and cleaning before the hair has entirely dried. 

Among the internal causes are hereditary disposition, 
improper diet and use of drugs. 

Treatment. — First clean the sores, removing all dirt, 
scabs, etc. For this purpose olive oil is better than water 
as soap and water are apt to cause further irritation. (If 
about the tail or mane, clip the hair around the sores). 
Apply Zinc Ointment at night and morning. Give A. A. 
three time per day for two days, then I.I. instead of the 
A.A. 

When in the form of "Grease" on the fetlocks, remove 
the hair from the sores and cleanse them well. In bad 
cases the application of a bran poultice cleanses them 
beautifully. Keep the legs as dry as possible. Feed with 
relaxing or green food, bran mashes, and less stimulating 
food, especially in the early stage, and give fifteen drops 
of A.A. Keep the legs as free from dirt as possible. If 
the horse is not worked let him have exercise daily, and 
each night and morning after the leg is cleaned apply 
Zinc Ointment. 

Hidebound 

This condition is not a disease of itself, but a mere 
symptom of some other disease, most frequently of the 
Stomach; mvh as a Reordered stomach; poor food, or 



DISEASES OF HORSES 23 

long exposure to rough, stormy weather. It not unfre- 
quently exists in connection with Glanders, Grease, 
Founder or old disease of the lungs. 

Symptoms. — It manifests itself by the hair looking rough 
and unthrifty, without its natural smoothness and gloss; 
and the skin feels hard, firm and fixed to the flesh. 

We can most successfully treat it by ascertaining and 
removing the cause upon which it depends. But in the 
absence of any special indication, we may give with the 
best success a dose of fifteen drops of J.K., each morn- 
ing, and the same of I.I., each night. A few days treat- 
ment will generally produce a most marked improvement. 

Mange % 

(See also Eczema page 21) 

Mange is a disease of the skin which has much the 
same appearance as eczema but is caused by parasites 
while eczema is not. 

There are three forms of mange in the horse. 

1 — Sarcoptic mange caused by a burrowing mite which 
feeds and propagates in the lower layers of the skin. 
This form is usually found on the head, neck, shoulders 
and outer parts of the body. 

2 — Dermatodecic mange caused by sucking mites which 
live on the outer layers of the skin and suck up serum and 
lymph. This form is usually found on the inside of the 
thighs, root of the mane and tail, sheat, etc. 

3 — Symbiotic mange caused by scale eating mites which 
live and feed on the surface of the skin. This form is 
usually found on the feet and pasterns. 

The last two varieties of mites can be seen by the naked 
eye but better by a magnifying glass. The first variety 
can be seen only by a glass and that with difficulty due to 
their burrowing under the skin. 

One should be careful to distinguish mange from eczema 
as the origin and treatment of the two diseases are quite 



24 DISEASES OF THE SKIN 

different, although the eruption looks much the same in 
each case. 

1 — Eczema is much more common in the horse than 
mange. 

2 — In mange there is a more definite boundary to the 
patches than in eczema. 

3 — In mange the itching is much more intense. 

4 — The actual discovery of the parasites by the aid of 
the magnifying glass is of course the final testf. 

Treatment. — Consists of clipping the hair around the 
infected patches, then cleaning them with oil or glycerine 
containing five per cent of creolin or lysol. Then apply 
a thick lather of green soap and leave on for twenty-four 
hours. This is to soften the scabs and prepare the skin 
for the actual remedy. For this purpose sulphur ointment 
(equal parts of sulphur and lard) is an old standby or a 
three per cent solution of creolin or lysol is good. The 
remedy must be thoroughly rubbed with a brush into the 
infected parts and when rubbed off by the animal reapplied 
for a period of a week. Then wash off and repeat the 
treatment two or three times. 

In addition to this the horse should be removed from 
the other animals and all stalls, blankets, etc., that he 
has used should be cleaned by boiling water and a five per 
cent solution of creolin and lysol. This is necessary in 
order to destroy the mites which remain on such articles 
and which might infect the other animals or reinfect the 
horse. 

Swelled Legs 

This affection is of frequent occurence in horses, and is 
more especially observed in coarse and badly groomed 
animals. The hind legs are most subject to it, although 
it frequently extends to the fore legs. Sometimes from 
metastasis of disease from other parts, the legs swell to an 
enormous degree, and it is attended with some degree of 
heat, tenderness, and peculiar lameness. The pulse is 
quickened, and there is evident fever. In such cases there 



DISEASES OF HORSES 25 

is some inflammation of the cellular tissue, and an effusion 
of fluid forming the swelling. In these cases when there 
is heat and tenderness, a few doses of fifteen drops each 
of A. A. , for Fever, will soon relieve the lameness and 
swelling. If the legs are swelled without being lame or 
painful, the 1. 1., should be given morning and night, 
with careful grooming and exercise, this will soon 
reduce the swelling. If the swelling is accompanied with 
Scanty Urination, the H.H., given three times per 
day is the proper remedy for the difficulty. Sometimes 
swelled legs are merely the result of a change of feed, and 
hence often occur in spring and fall, or when horses are 
taken from pasture and confined in close stables. Consult 
also Grease or Scratches. 

Swelling of the Teats 

Sometimes from cold or injury, the teats in mares are 
subject to inflammatory swelling. A few doses, ten drops 
each, of A. A. , for Fever, will relieve, and if the parts seem 
quite tender, bathe them with Humphreys' Marvel 
Witch Hazel or apply the Veterinary Oil. 

Ringworm 

Kingworm is a disease caused by a vegetable parasite, 
or fungus, which lives on hair follicles and the hair itself. 

Symptoms. — It makes its appearance most frequently on 
the seat of the saddle, on the croup or flanks and some- 
times on the head. The spots range in size from a dime 
to a half dollar and usually form a fairly regular circle. 
The hair has fallen' out or is broken off and there is a 
scaling of the skin inside the circle. The surrounding 
hair can easily be pulled out. Itching is generally absent. 

Treatment. — Same as for mange. ( See Mange page 23). 

Lice 

Horses taken up from a straw yard, with long, shaggy 
coats, in poor condition, are sometimes found infested 
with lice. 

Cause. — Contagion. 



26 DISEASES OF THE SKIN 

Symptoms.— 'The animal i9 seen continually biting his 
sides and quarters, rubs himself against walls and posts, 
or anything within his reach, denuding the skin of hair 
in patches and making it bleed. Or. close examination 
we have no difficulty in discovering the lice in bare patches. 

Treatment. — The horse should be removed from the 
other animals. The stalls, blankets, etc., that he has 
used should be thoroughly cleaned by boiling water and 
a five per cent solution of creolin or lysol, to destroy the 
lice which will cling to stalls, blankets, etc. 

The horse should be washed with green soap and water 
and kerosene (Coal Oil) should be applied night and 
morning for two days and then removed by soap and 
water. This must be done three times at intervals of a 
week, in order to kill the new generations of lice which 
hatch from the eggs in about six days. 

Tubercles 

These small, sluggish swellings are caused by friction, 
contusion, cold, stings of insects, internal disease, etc. 

Treatment. — If they are the result of external violence, 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel or Veterinary Oil, 
applied externally, is beneficial. The I. I., may be given 
with advantage morning and night. 

Sponge 

This term is given to a round, spongy excresence on 
the knee, generally caused by some external injury. It 
is at first a hot, painful swelling; then becomes a cold, 
hard, indolent tumor. It sometimes occasions consider- 
able itching and emits perulent matter. 

Treatment. — If sponge arises from some injury, the 
Veterinary Oil should be well rubbed in, two or three 
times a day ; or applied morning and night ; at the same 
time, ajso administer I. I., morning and night. 

Sweating 

Sometimes on very moderate exercise, horses sweat to 
excess. It is often the result of weakness, poor food or 



DISEASES OP HORSES 27 

some internal condition. Give J.K., a few times, in 
doses of fifteen drops, morning and night. 

Tumors, Swellings 

Any unusual or morbid growth or enlargement may be 
termed a tumor, and when one is found upon any part of 
an animal, care should be taken to ascertain, if possible, 
its nature and cause. They are variously named, accord- 
ing to their locality and the nature of their contents. 

Sometimes they are globular or conical, or again flat- 
tened, or again pedunculated (having a neck). Some are 
quite firm and hard, others spongy, and others contain 
fluid. 

Encysted Tumors (so called because the enlargement ia 
closed in a sack) are frequent, more or less round, mov- 
able beneath the skin, painless, and sometimes attain to 
a considerable size. They are the result of some internal 
cause not easily defined. 

Treatment. — In all cases where a tumor or swelling is 
hot or painful, give A. A., every two, four or six 
hours, in doses of fifteen drops, according to the 
urgency of the case. Keep the animals on low diet and 
thus seek to disperse it. If caused by external pressure 
or injury, annoint the part frequently with Veterinary 
Oil. If the tumor, notwithstanding the treatment, has 
softened, grows whitish at some point, painful and smaller, 
open it, then treat it as an ulcer, giving I.I., morning 
and night. 

In case of cold tumors or hot tumors, after the heat has 
been reduced, simply give 1. 1., at night, or noon and 
night, and the J.K., in the morning, in doses of fifteen 
drops, until the tumor is dispersed or the condition 
favoring the production is destroyed. Encysted and 
fatty tumors will generally have to be taken out by the 
knife and the opening annointed with Veterinary Oil 
and again neatly brought together to prevent a scar. 



28 DISEASES OP THE SKIN 

Warts 

Warts are so well known as to require no description. 
Certain horses and young animals are most subject to 
them. They vary in size and appearance, are smooth or 
shaggy, pedunculated or have a large base and some are 
soft, moist or spongy. They sometimes arise after chafing 
or an injury, but depend essentially upon an internal 
cause. 

Treatment. — Give I.I. in doses of fifteen drops, every 
two or three days for a few weeks, this should cause 
their entire disappearance. Apply also daily the Vet- 
erinary Oil, scraping off the rough outside of the wart 
with the thumb nail before or while applying the Oil. 



CHAPTER II.— Part I. 
MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

The treatment of injuries and wounds is a branch of 
Veterinary Surgery of the utmost importance to the 
owners of horses, for accidents are of every day occur- 
rence. We shall, however, not be able to devote so much 
Space to the subject as some would deem desirable. 

Flesh Wounds may be classified as Contused Wounds, 
when there is an injury inflicted on the surface of the 
body by mechanical violence without rending the skin; 
Incised Wounds, when such an injury is inflicted by a 
clean cutting instrument; Lacerated or Jagged Wounds.; 
when the parts are torn and the tips of the wound are 
irregular; and Punctured. Wounds, when the injury is deep 
rather than broad, and the effect of piercing as by a stab. 

Contused Wounds 

DEFiNrnoN. — Wounds are said to be "contused" when 
the skin, although bruised, is not cut through or broken; 
they are followed by the usual symptoms of inflammation, 
namely, redness, swelling, heat and pain. 

Causes. — These can be best understood by one or two 
illustrative examples. A horse gets the collar chain 
around his heels at night when he becomes fast, and, in 
struggling to free himself, he bruises and excoriates the 
hollow of the pastern. Next morning he is found very 
lame, with swelling and great tenderness of the parts, 
but there is no rent in the skin. He has what is called 
1 'Contused Wound." Or, another cause of injury com- 
monly occurs in cavalry stables, where the horses are 
separated from each other by an iron bar, over which 
one of them manages to get one of his hind legs. In 
Struggling to get back, he bruises the inside of his thighs, 
and probably his belly as well. Next day we find him 



30 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

with his leg considerably swollen, lame, and tender on 
pressure, from "Contused Wounds." Other causes are 
kicks from horses, blows from bad-tempered grooms, and 
falling on hard ground. 

Treatment. — Apply the Veterinary Oil to the part 
two or three times per day> and give the first day or two, 
the A. A., three times per day, after which, an occasional 
dose of I.I. 

Incised Wounds 

Definition. — ^ncised wounds are those in which a clean 
cut is made through the integuments or parts underneath, 
merely dividing textures without lacerating them, and 
are generally caused by some sharp instrument. 

Treatment. — In such cases it is necessary to bring the 
lips of the wound together, and retain them so by what 
are called sutures, the best of which is an ordinary pin 
passed through the skin a quarter of an inch from the 
edges of the wound, whose lips are then kept close 
together by the further addition of a small piece of tow 
passed over, under and around the pin, forming a 
figure thus $, after which the point of the pin may 
be cut off with a pair of scissors. These pins, or, as 
they are called, "twisted sutures," may be placed one 
inch apart from each other. Most Veterinary Surgeons 
use what is called the ' ' interrupted suture, ' ' as 
follows: A curved needle, armed with a strong thread, 
well waxed, is passed through the skin on each side 
of the wound, when the ends of the thread are drawn 
together and tied in a common knot. As many of these 
stitches are to be made as the length of the wound renders 
necessary, but they should be about three-quarters of an 
inch apart. These sutures, as a general rule, should be 
allowed to remain as long as they will; but should an 
effusion of serum or matter take place in the interior of 
the wound, the lower or most dependent one should be 
taken out, and the fluid allowed to escape; and then, 
but not before, warm applications may be applied. 
Exceptional cases, however, do occur when, from the 



DISEASES OF HORSES 81 

extent of the injury, considerable swelling takes place 
about the third day, and constitutional disturbance inter- 
venes. In these cases the sutures may be removed; but 
in the majority, the swelling must be looked upon as a 
natural consequence attendant on the formation of lymph, 
which may be seen oozing from the lips of the wound, 
and which is necessary to glue them together, till the 
small vessels pass from side to side and form a perman- 
ent bond of union. Always dress the wound and keep 
the edges of the opening moist with the Veterinary 
Oil, applying it from day to day, to prevent inflammation, 
suppuration and to promote healing by "first intention." 
The interrupted or thread suture is preferable for wounds 
about the head, as the horse would probably tear out the 
pin by rubbing it against the rack or manger. Previous 
to applying sutures, we should remove all foreign bodies 
and clots of blood from the wound, and oil every part 
well with the Veterinary Oil, and give A. A. four times 
a day. 

Hemorrhage, although causing great alarm to the un- 
initiated in veterinary science, is generally a matter of 
very little consequence, except a large artery is divided, 
as the bleeding will soon stop without our assistance. 
But should the blood come in jets, be of a bright scarlet 
color, and not stop in a reasonable time, we should either 
sieze the open mouth of the vessel with forceps and pass 
a ligature around it or apply a compress of tow and a 
bandage. Cold water dashed on the part, or Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel will frequently have the desired 
effect. 

Lacerated or Jagged Wounds 

Definition. — By these are meant that description of 
injury to the soft parts where the skin and subtextures, 
instead of being simply divided, are torn asunder and 
present a jagged and irregular appearance, and are often 
much bruised. 

Causes. — They are caused by mechanical injuries, such 



32 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

as hooks and nails in stables, or by carriage po.es or 
shafts running into a horse. 

Treatment. — Our first object is to remove all foreign 
bodies from the wound, and to cut off all lacerated 
portions, whether of skin, muscle or tendon, which can- 
not be retained in their original position. Then all grit 
or sand must be washed away by dashing cold water on 
the wound, should there be much hemorrhage ; or bath- 
ing it with warm water, should the bleeding be incon- 
siderable. Having thus produced a tolerably even and 
clean wound, and removed those parts which we know 
would be removed by sloughing, we assist nature by sew- 
ing up such portions of skin and muscle as are not too 
much injured to preclude the hope of their growing in 
their original position, although we may abandon all 
hopes of the wound uniting by the first intention. This 
we accomplish by thread sutures, as in the case of incised 
wounds, but with this difference, that we do not bring 
the lips of the wound together, but at once have recourse 
to hot applications and bandages wherever they can be 
applied. The use of the latter is to preserve the lacerated 
parts in their original position, to exclude air, and to 
prevent the water washing away the lymph, which is 
necessary for the filling up of the wound; consequently 
the bandage should not be removed for a few days, 
except that the swelling renders it actually necessary to 
do so. The warm application reduces the tension in the 
part, favors circulation and the exudation of lymph, and 
by* its soothing effects prevents that constitutional dis- 
turbance which is so much to be dreaded in this class of 
wounds. In about a week the inflammation will have 
partially subsided and suppuration will most probably 
have taken place, when we remove the bandage and dis- 
continue the hot application, merely letting a little water 
run over the wound to remove superfluous matter. It 
is undesirable to use a sponge, because it would remove 
the lymph at the same time and expose the small vessels 
to the atmosphere, which are busily engaged in repairing 



DISEASES OF HORSES 33 

the injury, which, acting on them as an irritant, causes 
them to secrete exuberant and unhealthy granulations 
called "proud flesh." For the same reason, unless the 
matter is very plentiful and has a bad smell, it is better 
not to apply even water, or in any way remove the lymph. 
The best possible dressing for all such injuries is 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, which should be applied 
to all the raw or cut surface before being sewed or bound 
up, and then kept applied to the raw surface, both to 
prevent inflammation and to promote healing, and to 
hasten the process of cicatrisation, or the skinning over 
of the wound. Apply the Veterinary Oil twice per day. 
Should the granulations rise above the surrounding skin, 
or "proud flesh" appear, Veterinary Oil is still the 
best application, and will soon reduce the unhealthy 
growth and induce a natural healing. 

Punctured Wounds 

)efinition.— These have small openings externally, 
but are usually deeper and of a much more serious 
nature than others. Because from their depth they are 
liable to implicate blood-vessels, nerves, viscera, and 
other deep-seated parts of importance. And because the 
parts which they traverse are stretched and torn, and 
consequently disposed to inflame and suppurate. And 
because matter, when formed, has no free exit, and is 
liable to burrow extensively. Finally, because foreign 
bodies may be carried into great depths without being 
suspected, and create long continued irritation, and 
because they are most liable to be followed by Tetanus. 

Causes.— These wounds are caused by any sharp pointed 
instrument, such as a pitch-fork, nail or scissors, or by 
stabs or thorns, bayonet or sabre thrusts. 

Treatment.— Our first object is to remove all foreign 
bodies, such as splinters, thorns, or balls, should it be a 
gun shot wound. Should the puncture not be in the 
neighborhood of a joint, or penetrating a tendon or bursal 
cavity, it is then generally advisable to enlarge the orifice 
ot the wound by passing a sharp knife to the bottom of it, 



34 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

and convert the punctured into an incised wound, when 
it must be treated by injecting Veterinary Oil in all 
cases where it is possible to do so, and in all cases by 
keeping the Oil applied to the open wound or sore until 
it is entirely healed. Give also A. A. morning, noon and 
night; after which give LI. morning and evening. 

When a tendon is punctured and the thecal fluid escapes, 
the nature of the injury in no way differs from an open 
joint in the mode of treatment to be pursued, which will 
be found fully explained in the Section on open joint, 
page 44. 

Laceration of the Tongue 

This wound may be caused by a high port bit, by the 
forcible and careless administration of balls and drinks; 
by the end of a halter being passed over the tongue to 
guide the horse instead of a bit; by a fall when the 
tongue is between the incisors ; by rough, long or irregular 
teeth; by thorns, sharp bones, needles, etc. 

Symptoms. — Slavering from the mouth and inability to 
feed will lead to an investigation of the mouth, when the 
laceration can be plainly seen. 

Treatment. — Foreign bodies should be removed. The 
horse should be fed on green food, if it can be procured, 
and no bit put in the mouth for some days. The best 
application is the Veterinary Oil applied daily. If 
ulcers form, I.I. should be administered also. 

Saddle Galls — Warbles — Sitfast — 
Serous Cyst 

Definition. — When a saddle or collar has galled the 
skin of the back and shoulders, effusion takes place into 
the tissue underneath. If a small circumscribed tumor is 
the result, we call it a "Warble"; or, if a large flat 
swelling with abrasion of the skin be found, the name of 
"Saddle Gall" or "Harness Gall" is given to it. 

Causes. — These disorders often arise from a ill-fitting 
saddle or collar, also by removing the saddle too soon. 
After a inarch soldiers are not allowed to strip their 
horses until they cool under the saddle. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 35 

Treatment. — Apply the Veterinary Oil morning and 
night, and give LL as often, until the healing begins; 
then give J.K. morning and noon, and I.I. at night. 

Staking 

In leaping fences or gates, the belly of the horse is 
sometimes impaled and wounded. The extent of the 
injury is not always apparent outwardly, and can only be 
ascertained by careful examination with the finger. 
There may be no wound in the skin, but the muscle 
underneath may be injured and torn, and the bowel may 
enter the part torn ; or the stake may pierce the abdomen 
and a portion of the bowel may protrude outwardly. 

Treatment. — In the former case, a well fitting pad 
must be made and bandaged on; the bandages or pad 
being well oiled with Veterinary Oil. 

In the latter case, the horse must be kept quite still, 
and treated where he is. The protruding bowel must be 
gently and carefully washed from all blood, dust and grit 
with warm water, then oiled and replaced by very gentle 
pressure. The lips of the wound must then be oiled and 
drawn together and kept in place with pins. A pad 
saturated with the Veterinary Oil should then be placed 
on the wound and kept in place by a bandage around the 
body. If the bowel itself is wounded, it must be stitched 
with catgut ligatures, and then replaced. If this is im- 
practicable at the time, a pad and bandage should be 
placed on injured part until surgical aid can be obtained. 

As there is danger of inflammation, A. A. should be 
given at two-hour intervals, and also a dose of I.I. each 
day. The horse should be kept very quiet and fed 
sparingly on soft food. 

Capped Elbow 

This is a swelling formed % at the point of the elbow, 
consisting of an infiltration of bloody serum, and thick- 
ened skin. It may be the result of a blow, but is most 
generally caused by the horse in so lying that the calks 
of the shoe press upon the elbow joint. In some cases, 
inflammatory action sets in, and the tumor softens and 
is discharged, or if the pressure is continued, the swelling 
becomes hard and firm. 



86 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

Treatment.— When the injury is recent, apply hot 
water three times per day, and afterwards apply the 
Veterinary Oil. Alter the shoe by removing the 
calks and smoothing the shoe, as far as possible, to 
prevent any further irritation. Should it have become 
soft and matter formed it should be treated as an abscess. 

Capped Hock 

This form of injury most frequently results from kick- 
ing or some similar violence, and manifests itself either 
as a swelling at the point of the hock, which consists of 
an effusion of bloody serum and thickened skin ; or the 
swelling bulges out on each side of the hock, making the 
enlargement more prominent at the sides. This is found 
to consist of an enlargement of the bursa or small bags, 
which contain the lubricating fluid for the part, and over 
which the sinews glide. 

Treatment. — Give ten drops of B.B., three times per 
day. Wash the part with hot water morning and 
night, applying the Veterinary Oil afterwards as for 
capped elbow. After the heat and irritation are 
reduced, careful hand-rubbing and the use of I.I., at 
night will do much to disperse the enlargement of the 
bursa. 

Curb 

At the back of the hock, three or four inches below its 
point, an enlargement or swelling arises which has received 
the name of curb. It is a strain of the ring-like ligament 
which binds the tendons in their place, or of the sheath 
itself. It comes on in consequence of a violent strain of 
the flexor tendons, or from a blow, kick, or contusion 
upon the part. It is most likely to occur in cow-hocked 
horses, where the hocks are turned inward, and the legs 
form a considerable angle outward, as in such cases the 
angular ligament must be continually on the stretch in 
order to confine the tendon. 

When it first occurs, the swelling may not be great, but 
is attended with warmth, pain and lameness, the leg being 
moved with caution and awkwardly. 



DISEASES OF HORSES S7 

Treatment. — In recent eases, frequent bathing of the 
part with the Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel diluted 
one half water, allowing the horse to rest, and give A. A. 
at first, then B.B., three times per day. The application 
of Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, morning and night will 
be better after the heat and swelling have mostly subsided. 
Rest is absolutely essential. If prematurely put to hard 
labor it is very likely to return again. If the curb is 
permitted to run its course, the acute stage will pass off 
leaving a hard, cold tumor, which may materially inter- 
fere with the motion of the joint. All old cases require 
B.B., once or twice daily, for some weeks. 

Docking 

By docking the tail of a horse, his shape and external 
appearance are sometimes improved, yet the operation is 
not without its consequences, such as inflammation, ner- 
vous irritation, fistulous ulcers, tetanous, etc. It is hoped 
that the time is not distant when this barbarous and 
senseless custom will be abolished, and the stern hand of 
the law laid upon every man who thus multilates one of 
God's creatures. Yet if the senseless operation is done, 
dress the wound with Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, 
which keep applied to the wound. Give first fifteen 
drops of A. A., and after a few hours, the same of B.B., 
which may be repeated from time to time to relieve the 
soreness and inflammation. 

Fractures 

Fractures of the bones of the horse occasionally occur 
in consequence of some severe blow, contusion, fall, or 
other injury. They are discoverable from the difference 
in shape, swelling, lameness of the part, and especially by 
the "crepitus," or grating sound, which occurs from 
moving the two fractured ends of bone together. In all 
doubtful cases, this crepitation is the reliable criterion. 
In the more palpable cases, the distortion, loss of the use 
of the part, and extensive swelling, remove all doubt. 

Among the most common are fractures of the ribs ; 
forming a swelling over the place, Which is very sensitive to 



38 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

pressure. Of the pelvis, rendering one hip lower than the 
other. Of the leg, rendering movement and use of the 
limb impossible, the point below the fracture swinging 
about useless. 

Fractures are simple where a single break occurs in one 
bone, compound when the surrounding parts are lacerated, 
and comminuted when bones are' broken tip or fractured 
in different directions. 

The treatment of all fractures rest upon very simple 
principles. Bring the broken parts to their natural 
position, keeping them there until they unite, the more 
perfectly this is done, the more perfect will be the result. 
Unfortunately, from the weight of the animal, and often 
his intractability, this is not always easy or even possible. 
But, on the other hand, nature will eventually heal even 
the worst cases, requiring, it is true, a longer time, and 
leaving behind very sad traces of her faulty workmanship. 
So that in treating a fracture, all these elements should 
be taken into consideration. 

Fracture of the ribs: Bathe the swelling with Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel, and the parts will soon unite. 

Fracture of the haunch-bone cannot be reduced, but 
nature will ere long heal it, though with some distortion, 
one hip will be lower than the other. 

Fractures of the leg, from the weight of the animal, are 
extremely difficult to manage. It can only be done by 
suspending the animal by stout canvas passing under the 
belly and attached to rollers on either side and by means 
of pulleys raising him up so that the feet just touch the 
ground, the canvas being supplied with heavy bands, 
before and behind, to keep the body securely fixed in the 
canvas. The fractured ends of the limb should then be 
carefully adjusted and the limb wound well with a roller- 
bandage, then a pair of iron splints, grooved so as to fit the 
limb, and well wadded with tow ; the splint that is behind 
two or three inches longer than the foot, should be securely 
bound on. The whole internal bandage should be bathed 
with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel and kept wet 



DISEASES OF HORSES 39 

with it, from time to time, for a week. This will subdue 
inflammation and hasten the union of the parts. After 
eight days, the splints should be removed and the limb 
examined, and again replaced, to remain five or six weeks, 
at the end of which time the splint may be removed and 
a simple bandage and lighter splint retained until the 
cure is perfected in some six weeks longer, when the 
animal may be trusted to use his limb. If the ends are in 
proper apposition and maintained there, the union will 
be perfect, with but little swelling or deformity. 

The general treatment of all fractures is to place the 
parts in apposition, keep them there by proper splints 
and bandage, and keep the place wet with Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel until the heat and swelling have 
subsided. Give also a dose of A. A., every two hours, for 
the first three days, to reduce the heat and fever; then 
alternate the B.B.- with A. A. a dose every three or four 
hours during the day, to promote reunion. 

Sprains or Strains and Dislocations 

Sprains of various joints or parts occur which are more or 
less grave or serious, depending upon the extent of injury 
or the joint involved. If a bone is displaced it is termed a 
dislocation. The joint becomes painful, swelling soon 
ensues, and on comparing the joint with its fellow, we 
perceive the distortion ; the limb is longer or shorter, and 
the animal moves it with great difficulty or not at all. If 
the bone is not moved from its position, but the liga- 
ments are merely injured, or torn, or joints otherwise 
bruised, it is termed a sprain. The swelling in this case 
is often as severe and even more so than in case of actual 
dislocation. Yet the accident is not so serious, because 
in cases of horses and cattle, a dislocation is not always 
curable, and if the joint be replaced the danger of new 
dislocation is far more imminent than though it had 
never occured. 

Causes. — Sprains and dislocations occur from false 
steps, slipping, leaping across ditches, sudden springing, 
violent effort in drawing a load, or sudden turning, or 
from falls, blows, kicks, contusions, etc. 



40 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

Treatment. — In all such cases the indications are 
simple, yet the execution of them is sometimes very 
difficult. For sprains, bathe the parts with Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel, to keep down the swelling and 
inflammation, renewing the application from time to 
time at intervals of two, four, or six hours, according to 
the urgency of the case, and give six doses of A. A. 
three hours apart, then B.B. morning, noon and night. 

Sprains of the Fet-Lock. — A sprain of this joint some- 
times occurs, manifested by heat, swelling, and lameness 
more or less decided, and especially manifested when the 
horse is moving on uneven ground. When recent, bathe 
the part with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, and 
saturate a bandage with it, w T rap it up, moistening it from 
time to time, and giving B.B., two or three times per 
day, fifteen drops at a dose. The pain and lameness will 
gradually abate. 

Luxation of the Patella, or Stifle. — Under the influ- 
ence of a severe blow, a sudden leap or strain, the 
patella, or knee-pan is sometimes displaced. The animal 
holds his leg stiff and extended, cannot rest on it, and 
when obliged to walk, draws it along. This displacement 
of the patella is called being stifled. The displacement 
can be reduced by the aid of sufficient help, and placing 
a side-line with a hopple on the pastern of the affected 
limb, and drawing the hind leg forward, the surgeon will 
then, with both hands, bring the bone to its place. 

Often the reduction is effected of itself if the horse 
makes the slightest effort. The part should be bathed in 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, as the ligaments are 
always injured ; give fifteen drops of B. B. three times a day. 

Injuries of the stifle, bruises, strains, etc., often occur, 
and should be treated by bathing the part with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, and giving the 
animal the above Remedy for injuries. 

Sprain of the Psoas Muscles. — This occurs from 
drawing heavy loads on soft ground, or from horses' hind 
legs slipping back on ice, or from jumping a bank. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty in bringing up the hind legs 
when made to move, and sometimes inability to stand. 
It may be mistaken for spinal injury, but the difference 
is as follows: When the spine is injured, complete 






DISEASE* OF HOR6ES 41 

paralysis takes place, whereas in Sprain of the Psoas 
Muscles the animal is able to kick and to extend the leg 
with great force. Examination per rectum will leave no 
doubt as to the nature of the injury, for pain on pressure, 
and swelling of the muscles, will be evident. 

Treatment. — Give B.B., morning and night. 

Sprains of the Muscles of the Haunch. — The gluteal 
muscles are sometimes sprained by violent exertion. The 
injury will be followed by effusion, swelling, and stiffness 
of the quarters, and afterwards by a gradual wasting of 
the muscles, which can be perceived by standing behind 
the animal and comparing the quarters. 

Treatment. — Warm applications, A. A., and, after the 
inflammation has somewhat subsided, the B.B. four 
times per day. 

Hip Joint Lameness. — This lameness may be produced 
by a sprain of the round ligaments, or gluteus externus 
muscle; but it more frequently arises from a sprain of 
the tendon of the gluteus maximus at its insertion into 
the trochanter major. 

Symptoms. — A dragging and rotary motion of the leg, 
pain on pressure, and a swelling which fills up the 
natural furrow, so well defined in well bred horses, 
formed by the semi-membranosus and gluteus externus. 

Treatment. — This is the same as for Sprain of the 
Muscles of the Haunch. 

Sprain of the Stifle Joint. — This is not very common, 
but when it does occur it may be easily recognized by the 
swelling, which, being superficial, can be easily felt, and 
by the pain caused by pressure. The action is also 
peculiar, the animal is unwilling to advance the hind leg, 
and drags it after him in trotting. 

Treatment. — Warm applications frequently applied, 
and Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel morning and 
evening. As soon as the inflammation subsides the 
warm application must be iiscontinued, and a dose of 
B.B. given three times per day. 

Sprain of the Hock.— The tendons and ligaments of 
this joint are all liable to be sprained in leaping and 
galloping through heavy ground. The tendons of the 
gastrocnemii internus, or those which retain the latter 



42 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS 

I 

in its place, sometimes become lacerated, and allow the 
cap formed by the gastrocnemii tendon to slip off the os 
calcis to the outside. In such an accident we cannot 
replace the tendon, but with rest and warm applications 
the animal may become fit for road- work. 

The tendon of the flexor pedis perforans, which passes 
down the back of the hock, is occasionally sprained, and 
the sprain is followed by a thickening, and sometimes 
ossification of the tendon. The extensor pedis at the 
front of the hock may also be sprained, and this occurs 
just where the tendon passes under the inferior annular 
ligaments, and, being accompanied by distension of the 
bursa, may be mistaken for sprain. 

The ligaments connecting the bones of the hock may 
suffer from an ordinary sprain, which, if discovered and 
properly treated, may be easily cured. But, unfor- 
tunately, the sprain is seldom discovered until the 
inflammation has wrought an important pathological 
change in the tarsal ligaments, whereby their structure 
loses its elasticity and becomes converted into a cartilag- 
inous or bony substance. If this takes place in the 
inner part of the hock, we call the disease Spavin; 
but if on the posterior part we call it Curb. These 
are usually classed as diseases of the bone, but they 
more properly belong to this category, as they are an 
effect of long continued and neglected Sprain. 

Give fifteen drops of B. B. , three times per day. 

Cutting, Brushing, Speedy-Cut, 
Over-Reach and Tread. 

These are names given to bruises caused by one foot 
striking against another foot or leg. 

Cutting or Brushing is caused by a foot striking the 
opposite fet-lock or cannon bone. It may occur before or 
behind; usually behind. It arises from defective structure 
of the legs, or from wasting of the legs in horses badly fed, 
so that they are brought abnormally near to each other. 

Speedy-Cut. — The inside of one or both feet usually 
strikes the fet-lock joint of the opposite foot in passing it; 
but sometimes the cannon bone is struck just below the 



DISEASES OF HORSES 48 

knee; the bruise thus caused is called "Speedy-cut." It 
occurs during fast action, generally in horses with badly 
shaped legs. It is more dangerous than common cutting, 
because the pain is more severe and the shock to the 
system greater, so much so that sometimes the horse falls 
as if he were shot. Examination may discover a small 
bare place, partially concealed by adjacent hair, or a 
contusion, or an abrasion of the skin, or a scab on the 
inside of the cannon-bone. In bad cases the periosteum 
may be swollen and the bone itself enlarged. 

Treatment. — This should be the same as for common 
cutting; but m all probability the only effectual remedy 
will be the construction of a speedy-cut boot, with a pad 
on the inside of the leg reaching from the knee to the 
fetlock, kept in position by buckles, and resting on the 
fetlock joint. 

Treads and Over-Reaches. — These are names given to 
a wound between hair and hoof, inflicted either on the 
fore coronary substance by the shoe of the hind foot, or 
on the hind leg by another horse treading on it. Cart 
horses may inflict the injury on themselves with the calk 
of the shoe. These wounds are sometimes difficult to 
heal in consequence of the difference in organization of 
the parts injured, the exterior beiug highly vascular, but 
the interior cartilaginous. 

Treatment. — Every portion of detached horn, hair or 
skin must, be removed and the wound cleansed and 
dressed with the Veterinary Oil placed on soft tow and 
bound up with broad tape. On the third and every sub- 
sequent day the dressing may be removed, but warm 
applications and poultices must be avoided. In cases of 
neglect or ill-treatment the suppurative process may 
have become established, and the warm applications may 
be necessary. If neglected the disease may end in Quittor. 

In all cases of Injuries or Bruises, give A. A., and B.B. 
in alternation, two doses of each per day. 

Broken Knee 

This is a very vague term and may imply simply to a 
bruise, an abrasion of the skin, or a division of the 
tendons or of the capsule of the joints. 

Causes. — Mechanical, such as falling or striking the 
knee against some hard and sharp substance. 



44 MECHANICAL INJURIE* AND WOUNDS 

Symptoms. — There may be a simple bruise, without 
perforation of the skin, which, though not strictly speak- 
ing a broken knee, may be conveniently regarded as such ; 
the knee is hot, swollen and painful, and sometimes hair 
is removed, or there may be abrasion of the skin, or it 
may be cut through, torn and jagged, and the under- 
lying tissues more or less injured, the sheath of the 
tendon being exposed. If no glairy fluid issue at the 
time the joint is not open, and there is no cause for 
uneasiness about anything except the blemish which may 
remain, but which will generally be very slight if suitable 
treatment be adopted. A more serious form of Broken 
Knee is where it is bruised, cut or lacerated, and opened 
down to the joint, accompanied by the escape of clear 
synovial fluid, "joint oil," like the white of an egg. 

Treatment. — The horse's head must be racked up for a 
few days or placed in cradles, to prevent his biting the 
wound. In broken knees where the skin and sub-textures 
are very much contused, and where such a quantity of 
sand has become imbedded that suppuration is a necessary 
consequence, it is well to put on a turnip or carrot poultice 
(but never bran, for it acts as an irritant). A leg of a 
woolen stocking should be drawn up over the knee and 
fastened around the leg at the lower part with a piece of 
tape, then, from above, the space in front of the knee can 
be filled with mashed turnip ; the upper part of the stock- 
ing can then be fastened as the lower. The poultice may 
be repeated morning and evening for about three days, 
when suppuration will most probably be established, and 
no further treatment be necessary unless the granulations 
become too luxuriant, when the Veterinary Oil may be 
applied, but not too freely or too often. In a few days 
the scab will fall off, and if cicatrisation has not taken 
place, the process may be hastened by washing the part 
three times a day with tepid water, or better, with the 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel. Give B.B. 

Stings of Bees, Hornets, &c. 

Sometimes where a horse has been tied near a swarm 
of bees, if sweaty or offensive to them, the swarm has been 
Known to attack him, producing pain, inflammation, 
swelling, and sometimes death. Hornets are as bad or 
worse. Apply freely Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel. 
Give A. A., fifteen drops, and repeat it every hour. 



CHAPTER PH.— Part I. 

DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS 

Lameness 

The adage "No roof, no house," is matched by "No 
foot, no horse," because in either case the value of the 
thing is measured by the part that is wanting. So lame- 
ness or its absence is the essential part to be looked after 
in a horse. Fortunately it is not always necessary to 
decide in our practice the precise point, structure, tendon 
or muscle involved in order to cure, but it is always 
desirable. Hence the following points are suggested. 

If the lameness has come on suddenly during a drive or 
work, it suggests some accident, or other very recent 
cause, such as picking up a nail or a stone, a bruise of the 
sole, an over-reach, or a strain of a tendon or joint. If it 
has come on slowly or gradually, it would suggest some 
more deep-seated or constitutional cause. 

If it occurs of having been out, or worked in cold 
rains, or after work standing uncovered in a cold chill 
wind, it suggests rheumatism or rheumatic lameness, or 
laminitis, "founder of the feet." 

An examination must always be made quietly. If the 
horse is excited you are liable to be put upon the w r rong 
track. If the fore feet are affected the hind feet will be 
likely to be brought far forward in order to take the 
weight off the sore place. If one fore foot points or is 
advanced some inches beyond the other, it suggests some 
difficulty in the heel of that foot or back part of that 
lhnb; w T hile, bending the knee and fetlock, and resting 
the foot or the toe without advancing it, suggests a 
disease of the* shoulder or elbow. In all cases of lame- 
ness of one foot, that one will rest more lightly on the 
ground, and be raised more quickly than the other. In 
exercise when one limb is affected, that foot comes to 
the ground less heavily than the other, and the head and 
fore part of the body are elevated, when it comes down 
and drops again when the sound foot comes down. 



4fi DISEASES OP THE PEET AND LEGS 

With lameness in both fore feet the step is short, and the 
stroke on the ground weak, the shoulders stiff, head 
raised, and hind feet brought unnaturally forward. In 
lameness on one side behind the rising and falling of the 
hip on the affected side is more marked than on the 
sound side. When both sides behind are involved, the 
fore feet will be kept well back under the animal to 
relieve the weight. With these hints in mind the loca- 
tion of the trouble may be usually ascertained and the 
treatment by external applications facilitated. Consult 
also the special form of lameness or disease which the 
examination has indicated as the directions or hints 
given therein may be valuable as sprain, rheumatism, 
bruises, corns, stifle, founder, spavin, splint, etc. 

Treatment. — In general, when the point of difficulty is 
known, and if recent, the place swollen, or heated, apply 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel diluted one-half with 
water, two or three, or more times per day. In severe 
cases, put on a compress wet with diluted Marvel, which 
renew as often as it gets dry, and give A. A., if there is 
much heat or fever in the part, a dose say four times per 
clay. When the heat has subsided, or if there is no 
special fever or heat apparent, give B.B. as often at first, 
and later or in more indolent or chronic cases a dose 
morning and night. Later, and especially if the lame- 
ness is worse on first morning, give I.I. in place of B.B., 
or alternate the one morning and the other night. 

The Veterinary Oil, may be used after the use of the 
Marvel, or when there is local swelling, bruise, or any 
chafing, cut, scratch, or ulceration or for bruised or broken 
hoof or corn* Apply jt daily, 

Laminitis, Inflammation of the Feet or Founder 

This is one of the most frequent diseases of the horse, 
and one in which the resources of my Homeopathic 
Remedies are very efficient. The sensible lamina or fleshy 
plates on the front and sides of the coffin-bone, are, like 
all other vascular structures, very liable to inflammation, 
particularly from violence or long continued action of the 
part. Hence, standing long in one position, as in sea- 
voyages ; battering or bruising the feet in severe or long 
journeys; sudden changes from heat to cold, or from cold 



DISEASES OF HORSES 47 

to lieat, acting directly on the feet ; standing in snow or 
cold water after a journey, are the more common causes 
of this disease. It sometimes occurs as a mere transition 
of the disease from some other part, and occasionally from 
excess of food or indigestible food, or food when heated. 
Many cases of so-called Founder are really only attacks 
of Acute Rheumatism; hence consult what is said on that 
disease, and compare the two chapters for a better under- 
standing of the subject. 

Symptoms. — The disease generally begins with a 
shivering, shaking chill; the flanks heave; the breathing 
becomes quick and labored; the pulse full and frequent; 
the horse shifts his feet from one place to another; lies 
down and rises frequently, but does not paw the ground 
nor kick his belly ; he will sometimes place his lips on the 
fevered feet, as if to tell where his pain is ; he places his 
hind legs under him, as if to take the Aveight of his body 
from thef ore-feet ; he moans or groans from the severity 
of the pain and at last lies down, unable to stand upon the 
inflamed feet. The feet are intensely hot and painful. If 
one foot is taken up, he can scarcely stand upon the other 
and may tumble down. He does not like to get up from 
the ground, and is moved with difficulty from one place 
to another. If the disease be not arrested, matter may 
form inside the hoof, which even may be thrown off. 

The disease may exist in a more chronic form, coming 
on by degrees, and eventually resulting in the ruin of the 
horse. 

It is more common to see it in a milder form than the 
first mentioned presenting the following symptoms : The 
horse is feverish, out of spirits, refuses to eat, cannot raise 
his limbs without evincing pain, trails his feet along with 
difficulty ; cannot readily be made to go forward, or back- 
ward scarcely at all. In the stable, horses bring the four 
feet near together, and there is no little difficulty in 
making them relinquish this attitude. 

Treatment.— In the more severe cases, the shoes should 
be removed from the feet, and the hoof pared down until 
the horn yields to the pressure of the thumb. Give the 
horse rest, and allow him to lie dqwn, wrap the hoofs in 
cloths soaked in water, and renew them from time to time. 



48 DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS 

If the disease is from the feet having been battered by 
long driving or riding, bathing them with Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel will be of great value. In some 
cases, a cold poultice, made of mashed turnips or carrots, 
is of excellent service. 

The remedy is B. B. , of which a dose may be given every 
three hours, in acute cases. In recent cases, when there 
is fever, decided lameness and heat of the foot, and indeed in 
almost every case, you may better begin with A. A., of 
which give a dose every two hours, and after three or four 
doses, alternate with B.B., as often as every two hours, 
and after the force of the disease has abated, the B.B., 
may be continued alone at increasing intervals, until 
entire restoration. 

When the disease is clearly traceable to over-feeding, the 
B.B. and J.K., may be alternated from the first, every 
three or four hours, in doses of fifteen drops. 

In case of chronic founder, the B.B. should be given, 
a dose of fifteen drops, each morning and night, and the 
treatment continued for some time. An occasional dose 
of J.K. will be useful as a constitutional intercurrent 
remedy, and may be given at noon, while the B.B. is 
given morning and night. 

On the Formation of Joints 

Joints are formed of bones which fit into each other by 
unequal surfaces, whose cavities and eminences mutually 
correspond. As the roughness of the bones would prevent 
their moving freely without friction, we find an intervening 
smooth elastic substance called cartilage, which not only 
obviates this inconvenience, but in a great measure takes 
off the jar that would otherwise ensue when the horse 
moves on hard ground. To render the motion still easier, 
we find the cartilage covered with a fine synovial mem- 
brane, secreting a fluid of an albuminous and oily 
character, which acts in the same capacity as oil to 
machinery, namely, to prevent friction. 

Besides the membranous connection of bones which 
enter into the formation of joints, there are strong, flexible 
substances of a fibrous texture called ligaments, which are 
the chief bond of attachment, and support the lower joints; 
while others are further strengthened by muscles and 
tendons. Bursa? mucosa? are small closed sachs which 



DISEASES OF HOR&ES 49 

surround the tendons wherever there is friction; they 
are analogous in structure to the synovial membrane, 
and secrete a similar fluid. 

Synovitis 

Definition. — Idiopathic or constitutional inflammation 
of the synovial membranes. The inflamed membranes 
never extend beyond a certain size, nor do they burst, 
nor do they te minate healthily without treatment, but 
remain in the same condition from year to year. The 
inflamed condition is most frequently observed at the 
hock, when it is called Bog-spavin and Thorough-pin. 
But it is also found affecting the knee and fet-lock, and 
in the latter case is sometimes confounded with Wind- 
galls, which are inflamed bursee mucosae. 

Causes.— Rheumatic Fever; exposure to heat and cold; 
also friction from quick work on a hard road ; sprains. 

Symptoms. — Lameness quickly succeeded by swelling of 
some joints, not of the surrounding fibrous texture, as in 
true Rheumatism; the swelling in this disease is in the 
synovial cavity, and the effusion is at first generally 
serous and unattended by the fever which ushers in the 
muscular or fibrous Rheumatism. As the inflammation 
proceeds, coagulable lymph may be thrown out and the 
joint be permanently enlarged, or, from adhesions, the 
horse be left with a stiff joint. 

Give A. A., four times per day at first, then B.B., 
morning and night. 

Ulceration of Articular Cartilage 

The inflammation in the synovial membrane sometimes 
extends to the cartilage, covering the ends of the tibia or 
astragalus. In such cases there is a diminution of the 
synovial secretion, also ulceration and wearing away of 
the cartilage, and a polishing of the surface of the bone, 
which has been erroneously called a porcelaineous deposit. 
\Yc have seen this ulceration of the cartilage, and even 
caries of the bone, in the navicular more commonly than 



50 DISEASES 0E THE FEET AND LEGS 

in the bones of the hock ; but not a few cases of occult 
lameness in the hock may be attributed to it. Give B.B. 
two or three times per day. 

Windgalls— Puffs 

In the region of the joints, and wherever friction is likely 
to take place, we find the tendons supplied with little sacs 
(burssc mucosse) composed of membrane similar to the 
synovial, and secreting in health an oily fluid from their 
internal surface, in very small quantities; but when the 
tendons become strained, or increased action is set up in 
thein from over-exertion, nature comes to the rescue by 
increasing the bursal secretion, and we then perceive a 
slight elastic tumor, called Wind gall or Puff. 

Causes. — Tendinous sprains or over-exertion of any 
kind, and long continued friction from quick work on 
hard roads. Low, marshy pastures seem to have a tendency 
sometimes to produce a dropsical effusion in and around 
the joints of young horses, very similar to the enlarged 
bursas from hard work ; but they soon yield to constitu- 
tional treatment. 

Symptoms. — Soft, elastic, circumscribed swellings, at 
first about the size of a nut, but eventually becoming 
hard and much larger, which appear in the neighbor- 
hood of some of the joints, such as the knee, hock, or 
fet-lock. To the latter, however, the name is usually 
restricted, although equally applicable to the former ; eo 
that when we say that a horse has Windgalls, we mean 
that lie has above, or on each side of, the fet-lock, or 
back sinew, one or more elastic tumors, usually un- 
attended by lameness or any active inflammation. The 
seat of these bursal enlargements is either between the 
perforatus and perforans tendons, or between the latter 
and the suspensory ligament. There is, however, another 
fetlock Windgall found on the front of the joints, between 
it and the extensor tendon ; and a similar swelling occurs 
at the supero-posterior part of the knee from the distension 
of the bursa, between the perforatus and perjorans tendons. 



DISEASES OF HORSES .51 

Pathology. — These enlargements were formerly sup- 
posed to contain wind, and so obtained their absurd name ; 
but, from what has been already stated, the reader will 
perceive that they consist in an increase of bursal fluid 
similar to joint oil, and in a majority of cases do no harm, 
but are rather to be considered as a beautiful provision of 
Nature to obviate the baneful effects of friction from over- 
exertion of the muscles and tendons. Morbid changes, 
however, do occasionally take place in the bursa 1 , either 
from inordinate increase of their contents setting up 
inflammation in their tissue, or from an extension of the 
inflammation to contiguous parts, in which not only the 
bursal sacs, but also the lining membrane of the tendinous 
sheath, participate, when we find the puffy swelling ex- 
tending up the leg, above the ordinary seat of Windgall, 
and very tender on pressure. The effect of this inflam- 
mation on the bursas mucosae is to cause a thickening of 
the membrane and a total change in the contents of the 
sac; the fluid, instead of being a straw-color, becomes 
reddened from the effusion of blood, which, after death, 
we find clotted and of a dark color. Lymph also is occas- 
ionally effused, giving the tumor a firm, hard feel, which, 
from calcareous deposits, produces lameness. 

I.I., given morning and night, often clears up these 
blemishes wonderfully. 

Seedy Toe 

This disorder, frequently a sequel to laminitis, often 
arises without any assignable cause. It can sometimes 
be attributed to the clip 1 of the shoe pressing on a hoof 
predisposed to the disease from deficiency in its natural 
glutinous secretions, whereby the horn becomes dry and 
loses its cohesive property, and is unable to resist the 
pressure from the toe clip, which a healthy hoof would do 
with impunity. It may also be consequent on gravel or 
dirt working in at the edge of the sole. 

Symptoms. — The horn at the toe (of the fore-feet of 
troop and riding horses, but frequently the hind feet of 



52 DISEASES OP THE FEET AND LEGS 

carthorses) becomes "seedy," and crumbles away like so 
much saw-dust or the dry rot in wood; while at the 
junction between the wall and sole a fissure will be 
apparent, leading upward between the outer and inner 
crusts of the wall, sometimes extending up to the coronet, 
and in old cases laterally, so that there is some difficulty 
in finding a piece of horn sufficiently sound to hold a nail, 
and side clips become necessary in keeping the shoe on. 
Percussion on the wall of the hoof with a hammer will 
show to what extent the separation has taken place. 

Treatment. — The whole of the crust, as far as it is 
separated from the horny lamince underneath, must be 
cut away, and the foot bound up with tar, tow, and broad 
tape. Veterinary Oil applied to the coronet will hasten 
the downward growth of the wall. Keep the horse standing 
in clay, daily anointing the hoof with Veterinary Oil. 
Both means have been successfully tried. Give J.K. 
morning and night. 

Navicular Joint Disease 

This disease is far more frequent than is usually 
supposed, and many horses are ruined by it, the lameness 
being generally referred to the shoulder or to some other 
part not at all in fault. 

Behind and beneath the lower pastern-bone in the heel 
of the horse, and behind and above the heel of the coffin- 
bone, is a small bone called the navicular, or shuttlebone. 
It is so placed as to strengthen the union between the lower 
pastern and coffin-bone, and to enable the flexor tendon 
which passes over it to be inserted into the bottom of the 
coffin-bone and to act with more advantage. It thus forms 
a kind of joint with that tendon. There is a great deal of 
weight thrown on this bone and from this navicular bone 
on the tendon, and there is considerable motion or play 
between them in the bending and extension of the 
pasterns. 

It is easy to conceive that from sudden concussion or 
from rapid and over-strained motion, and at a time when, 
from rest and relaxation, the parts have not adapted 



dibeajSM of horses 53 

themselves to the violent motion required, there may be 
excessive play between the bone and tendon, and the 
delicate membrane which covers the bone or the cartilage 
of the bone, may become bruised, inflamed and injured, 
or destroyed, and that all the painful effects of an inflamed 
and open joint may result, and the horse be incurably 
lame. Numerous dissections have shown that this joint 
thus formed by the tendon and bone, has been the frequent 
and almost invariable seat of these obscure lamenesses. 
The membrane covering the cartilage becomes inflamed 
and ulcerated; the cartilage itself is ulcerated and eaten 
away, the bone has become carious, and bony adhesions 
have taken place between the navicular and pastern and 
coffin-bones, and this part of the foot has become com- 
pletely disorganized and useless. 

Symptoms. — The degree of lameness is various; the 
horse may show lameness the first hundred steps, or the 
first mile or two, and then less or scarcely at all ; he is 
inclined to ''point" or keep the affected foot in advance 
of the other when standing; he may show lameness on 
stone or pavement and not on turf or ground ; if both 
feet are badly affected, the horse favors his heels, has 
short action, and wears away the toes of his shoes, leav- 
ing the -heels undiminished in thickness; the hind feet 
may be kept well under him to diminish the pressure 
upon the fore-feet; in the stable, he is mostly lying 
down; heat of the foot and heel, especially the heel. 

Treatment. — In the earlier stages when there exists 
only irritation and inflammation, and no changes of 
structure or disorganizations have yet occured, the A. A., 
together with cold applications kept to the foot will be 
sufficient. Give a dose of fifteen drops four times per day. 

In more extreme or advanced cases, the sole should be 
pared down and the quarters rasped, and shoe worn 
without nails on the inner quarter, to unbind as far as 
possible the imprisoned bone, and the foot kept 
anointed with the Veterinary Oil, and the use of B.B., 
the main remedy. These will be successful in the in- 
cipient or milder stages of the disease and will vastly 
benefit old or chronic cases. 

Sand Crack, Quarter Crack 

• That is a separation of the fibres of the hoof from above 



54 DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS 

downward — rarely crosswise. The usual treatment is to 
drill two holes through each side of the crack and then 
pass copper or iron wire through them. Both ends of the 
wire are then drawn and clinched down and fastened in 
the same way as the nails in shoeing. The crack itself is 
then to he filled with cobbler's wax after having been 
thoroughly cleaned out. Give also, ten drops of the J.K., 
morning and night, to promote the growth of the hoof. 

A yet better method is to properly prepare a horse shoe 
nail by cutting bards along in it, from head to point. Then 
drive the nail from one side of the crack through to and 
beyond the other at least half an inch from the crack. 
The clinching of the point of the nail will drive the bards 
back and firmly fasten them, and the head and point 
may be filed down and smoothed off. A long crack should 
have two nails. The shoe should be so fitted and the hoof 
so pared away, as to take the bearing off from the tracked 
portion, and as the hoof again grows down, it should be 
again cut away between the hoof and shoe with a saw, so as 
to keep the bearing of the cracked part of the hoof free. 
You thus rivert the broken parts together, and by taking 
off the strain allow the crack to grow out, and heal up. 
Of course a horse with a quarter crack should only be put 
to the most moderate work, if any, as violent exercise or 
hard work will be sure to aggravate and increase the diffi- 
culty, and may render a cure impossible. 

Quarter crack only occurs when some brittleness or 
defective horny growth is present. Correct this defect by 
giving the J.K., fifteen drops, morning and night, and 
apply Humphreys' Veterinary Oil to the crack as often. 

Corns 

A corn is a bruise upon the sole of the foot at the angle 
between the wall and the bar, and has this resemblance 
to the corn in the human subject, that it is produced by 
pressure and results in lameness. It may be caused by 
contracted feet ; cutting away the bars: too thick-heeled 
shoes or weak, flat feet; dirt getting between the shoe 
and heel of the foot; or from not having the foot 
sufficiently pared out. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 55 

Symptoms. — The pressure arising from these causes pro- 
duces an irritation, congestion, soreness, and even 
extravasation of blood under the horn, with often a 
reddish appearance and a softer feel than other parts of 
the sole. The place is painful when pressed upon, the 
horse flinches and is more or less lame. In bad cases 
matter may form, and unless a vent is made, may under- 
run the sole or appear at the coronet in the form of a 
Quittor. 

Treatment. — In most cases, simply apply the Veterin- 
ary Oil to the sore place night and morning after having 
properly cleansed the foot. See that the shoe does not 
press upon the sore place, but has its bearing upon the 
outer crust of the hoof. If matter has formed under the 
corn, the dead horn may be removed and a vent made 
and a poultice applied to soften and discharge the matter, 
after which apply the Veterinary Oil until the soreness 
is removed. Give I.I. mornings and J.K. at night, and 
keep the Oil applied to the surface. Change the poultice 
and dressing each night and morning. In a few days the 
foot will be ready to shoe in the usual way, using, how- 
ever, a leather sole to keep out the dirt. If a quittor has 
formed, it should be treated as such. 

Prick in the Foot 

Sharp substances, such as nails, glass, pointed stones, 
or similar substances, not unfrequently penetrate the 
foot in traveling, or the shoe may be partly torn off, and 
the loosened nail be thrust into the foot, or a nail may 
go wrong in shoeing. 

When a sharp pointed object is picked up on the road, 
it may enter the toe of the frog and wound the navicular 
joint, or the flexor, at its insertion into the pedal bone, 
and let out the "joint oil," in which case there is danger 
of permanent injury. The wound may lie further back, 
and be in the bulbous heels or cushion of the frog; in 
this case there is less danger. 

In shoeing, the nail may be driven too near the laminae, 
or even wound them; in the latter case the horse will 
flinch; in the former he may not feel the nail till he puts 
his foot to the ground. If on the day after shoeing he 
walks lame, the foot is hot to the touch, the horse flinchea 
when the crust is tapped with a hammer, especially 



56 DISEASES OP THE FEET AND LEGS 

where there is a nail, it may be assumed that the shoeing 
is at fault. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, with heat in the foot and tender- 
ness on pressure. In some cases, no matter will be found, 
but in others a black serous or purulent discharge w T ill 
issue from the wound when opened, and the sole will 
probably be underrun. 

Treatment. — If there is simply heat of the foot and 
lameness, remove the shoe, see that all nails or parts of 
nails, or other foreign substance is taken out. Apply and 
keep the foot wet with Humphreys' Marvel Witch 
Hazel and give the A. A., once in three hours, to reduce 
the inflammation. If matter has formed, let it out. 
Apply the Veterinary Oil to the hole or orifice, and 
give A. A. and B.B., in alternation, a dose four times per 
day, and later the B.B. and 1. 1., to dry up the discharge. 
If the horse is required for work before the horn has 
covered the wound, a leather sole and the Veterinary 
Oil dressing must be used. 

Quittor 

This is a deep, narrow ulcer, opening upon the coronet, 
and leading into an abscess in the foot. It may be 
caused by treads, or overreaches, or corns, but most 
commonly from prick of a nail or other sharp substance. 
It is attended with more or less lameness; heat and pain 
in the foot, and discharge of matter from the open wound, 
But if it has been caused by the matter from a corn, the 
coronet above the heel will have upon it a hard, painful 
swelling, which afterward becomes softer and larger. 

Treatment. — If the quittor arises from a wound of the 
sole or prick, after the wounded part has been pared out 
and poulticed, then with a probe gently find out the 
direction and number of pipes, and with a fine syringe, 
inject Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel of full strength 
into the opening, two or three times per day. The Vet- 
erinary Oil is better if you can get it into the opening. 

When it arises from a corn in the heel, and matter 
has got into the coronet, the swelling must be cut into 
and the discharge let out ; then poultice night and morn- 
ing, inject the Marvel as before, rasp down the wall of 
the hoof until it yields to the pressure of the thumb, and 
put on a bar-shoe. Eoll a bandage around the coronet 
to keep the dirt out from the quittor. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 57 

If there is some considerable heat and fever, the A. A., 
may come in play giving fifteen drops four times per day. 
But the 1. 1., should be given, fifteen drops three times 
per day, at first, and then morning and night. 

Spavin 

This is an affection of the tendons, ligaments, and 
bursa connected with the hock. From a strain, violent 
exercise, or similar cause, an increased action is set up 
in these parts which glide upon each other, irritation 
results and the parts enlarge. Or, an exudation of serum 
occurs, tinged or not with blood, which may be absorbed 
afterward or remain for a long time a soft movable 
tumor; or by degrees an ossific or bony deposit takes 
place, resulting in a firm, hard, bony tumor. These 
several stages or degrees of the same common affection 
have been termed Bog-Sparin, Blood- Spavin, and Bone- 
Spavin. Windgalls and Thorough Pins are but local 
variations of the same essential condition — enlargements 
of the bursa and tendons of the joint. It usually shows 
itself on the inner and lower side of the hock at the lower 
portion of the joint. A careful comparison of the two legs 
with the eye and hand will best disclose the evil. ' 'Some- 
times it appears as a soft swelling of the femoral vein along 
the inner surface of the hock. Or, again, as a hot, painful, 
lameing swelling, extending from the posterior border of 
the hock downward, which may afterward become a hard, 
bony tumor, insensible, causing the animal to limp only 
when making some exertion. Or, the swelling extends 
along the inner surface of the hock, oblong, a little broader 
above than below, bony, sometimes involving the entire 
joint, • and occasioning more or less limping. Or a soft 
round swelling over the whole internal surface of the hock, 
at first not inpeding the horse's gait, but afterward be- 
coming indurated and causing a rigidity of the hock and 
consequent lameness. Or a hard osseous swelling at the 
upper and inner side of the femur, causing a lameness 
depending upon the extent to which the ligaments of the 
joints are involved." 

At first the animal seems afraid to use one or the other 
of the hind legs, and a little lameness is noticed on first 



58 DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS 

starting off. Afterward, when returning to the stable after 
exertion, the horse stands on the toe of the affected limb, 
and limps considerably on turning around and first com- 
mencing to walk; after moving a little, the lameness 
disappears, and only returns again after he has been 
standing some time. This will soon be followed by swelling. 

Causes.— There is a predisposition to this affection in 
some families of horses, and when this predisposition 
exists, strains, violent exertion, over-work,, a blow or 
other injury, readily develops the spavin. Horses with 
high legs, from three to seven years of age, are most 
liable to it. 

Treatment. — In the earlier stages, while the lameness 
is yet recent, and little or no swelling has appeared, 
bathing the joint with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel 
and giving B.B., night and morning, doses of fifteen 
drops, will be sufficient to remove the lameness and 
generally prevent the swelling. When the swelling is 
still soft and recent, bathing the joint with The Marvel 
and giving the B. B. , night and morning, will reduce the 
swelling and relieve the lameness. 

In all other cases of spavin, whatever may be its 
particular form or situation, give fifteen drops of B.B., 
each morning and night, see that the legs are well 
rubbed, with but moderate daily work or exercise. 
The pain, lameness, and subsequent exudation of bony 
matter depend upon the affection of the ligaments of the 
joint. This being relieved, the whole affection disappears. 
All recent and soft spavins may be successfully treated 
thus, and even the most inveterate ones will be relieved 
and benefited. It is not pretended or presumed that old 
chronic, years' standing spavins, when there are extensive 
ossific dispositions or necrosis, are to be caused to dis- 
appear by this or any medicine. But all those incipient 
cases may be thus cured and even the old enlargements 
vastly improved. 

Splint 

In consequence of an injury a bony tumor arises in the 
inside of the fore-leg below the knee ; sometimes, though 
rarely, it is seen on the outside, and even on the hind 
legs. After having existed some time, they seldom 
occasion lameness, except so situated as to interfere with 
the action of the tendons or ligaments of the legs. During 



diseases op horses! 59 

the forming stage, the horse is lame because the periosteum 
or covering of the bone is inflamed, but after this has 
subsided and the bony exudation is thrown out, it dis- 
appears, except in the case above mentioned. In some 
cases, in the beginning, the fee^t are hot and painful, the 
animal likes to remain lying down ; and if only the fore- 
feet are affected, he puts them down with great care and 
evident pain, and there is general fever and suffering, 
which passes off with the more decided local manifestation. 
If the tumor is of some standing, it may be quite difficult 
or impossible to cause its disappearance. But happily 
these old hardened tumors seldom interfere with the 
essential usefulness of the animal. 

Treatment. — In most cases if there is heat and feverish 
excitement of the system, give fifteen drops of A. A., and 
B.B. , alternately, five times per day, that is, a dose of 
B.B. morning, noon and night, and a dose of A. A., at^ 
say ten o'clock in the forenoon and at three in the after- 
noon, until the heat and lameness are partially subdued, 
and then give B.B., morning and night, until the lame- 
ness and irritation have entirely subsided. Old cases 
may only require a dose every day. 

Ring Bone 

Consists of an enlargement and ossific deposit ( near the 
fetlock joint) in consequence of a strain and inflammatory 
action. It may appear on one or both sides of the foot, 
or completely surround it, giving rise to the name. One 
or more feet may be affected by it. It is generally recog- 
nized by a mere bony enlargement on one or both sides 
of the pastern, and the lameness is not very considerable. 

Treatment. — At the commencement bathe the part 
with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel or Veterinary 
Oil from day to day, and give fifteen drops of B.B., 
three times a day. In chronic cases, give a dose morning 
and night, or even only once per day. Cases of consider- 
able standing will materially improve, and recent or fresh 
cases may be permanently restored. 

Thrush and Canker 

This disease is an inflammation of the lower surface of 
the sensible frog, which secretes matter of a peculiar 
offensive smell, instead of healthy horn. The matter isauet 



60 DISEASES OP THE FEET AND LEGS 

from the cleft of the frog. In a sound frog the cleft is 
shallow, but when contracted or otherwise diseased, the 
cleft deepens even to the sensible horn within, and through 
this the matter issues. Afterwards the discharge becomes 
more abundant and offensive; the frog wears off and a 
fresh growth of horn fails to appear. It then becomes 
thin, shriveled, contracted and fissured; and as the 
disease extends, the matter becomes still more fetid, and 
may terminate in a yet more unmanageable form of 
disease, namely, canker. In Thrush, the frog is painful 
when pressed upon by the thumb or pincers, or when 
the animal treads Upon a stone. As a consequence of 
neglected thrush, the horn may separate from the sensible 
part of the foot, and unhealthy vegetations, proud flesh, 
fungous matter spring up, occupying a portion or the 
whole of the sole of the frog, and finally involving frog, 
'sole and bars, in a mass of putrefaction, constituting the 
worst form of canker. 

Treatment. — As thrush is often caused by uncleanliness 
and constant moisture of the feet, the greatest care must 
be taken to keep them dry and clean, and especially from 
dung .and urine. If connected with contracted fore-feet, 
particular care must be given to shoeing. 

The frog should be carefully pared down and all loose, 
ragged portions removed in order to prevent the accum- 
ulation of matter and dirt. The discharge wiped off by 
means of a tow pressed down into the cleft with a thin 
piece of wood. Then smear the frog and cleft with a 
mixture composed of half an ounce of sulphate of copjier 
( blue vitrol ) and six ounces of tar made into a paste or 
the Veterinary Oil. A small piece of tow dipped in this 
mixture should also be placed in the cleft, or in what- 
ever part of the frog a sinus, hole or cleft exists. In bad 
cases, repeat the dressing daily ; in others, once in two or 
three days is sufficient. If the dressing is properly applied 
it will not fall out or admit the entrance of dirt. Should 
the frog be extensively diseased, a bar-shoe may be 
necessary, and the dressing will then be kept in place by 
the cross bar of iron, or a leather sole may be used under 
the shoe. 

Throughout the treatment give fifteen drops of 1. 1., 
each morning and fifteen drops of J.K., every night, for 
the growth of healthy hoof. 



CHAPTER IV.— Part I. 

DISEASES OF THE EYES 

Albugo, or Spot in the Eye, Opacity 

of the Cornea 

In consequence of a blow, stroke of a whip, or similar 
injury, an inflammatory action is set up in the eye, the 
result of which is an effusion of serum between the 
lamina of the outer coating of the eye, which renders 
the cornea or clear part of the eye, whitish or opaque in 
spots, interfering materially with the sight and usefulness 
of the organ. But little can be done to remove those of 
long standing, but recent cases, or those where inflam- 
mation is just subsiding and the opacity only forming, 
will be dispelled by frequently bathing the eye with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, and giving fifteen 
drops of A. A., three times per day. In many cases of 
opacity a portion of soft honey, the size of a small pea, 
put in the eye daily, has been known to have a wonder- 
ful effect in removing such opacities. 

Amaurosis, Gutta Serena 

This disease consists in entire or partial loss of vision 
in consequence of paralysis of the optic nerve, or inter- 
ruption of its communication with the brain. Injuries of 
the head, or ball of the eye, or some disease of the brain, 
are the usual causes. The horse walks cautiously, head 
elevated, and ears move quickly backward and forward, 
the eye has a peculiar glassy appearance, and the pupil 
does not dilate and contract when light is brought near 
or removed from the eye. 

But little can be done for these cases. In the earlier 
stages a dose of A. A., may possibly arrest its progress, 
but generally it is incurable in man or beast. 



62 DISEASES OF THE EYES 

Cataract 

In consequence of injuries to the eye, blows, contusions, 
etc., or as a consequence of severe and repeated inflam- 
mation, the crystalline lens becomes opaque so as to 
interfere with or altogether destroy the sight. On 
examining the eye, deep in the pupil, a whitish, yellowish, 
or brownish body is discoverable. Sometimes, especially 
in the commencement, white streaks run from the center 
outward, or the whole chamber within the pupil looks 
dim and whitish. 

Old Cataracts are incurable, but recent and forming 
cases may be benefited by giving A. A. and B.B., a dose 
of fifteen drops, every night, alternately. 

Ophthalmia, Inflammation of the Eye 

There are in the horse two well marked forms of sore or 
inflamed eyes. Acute Ophthalmia and Periodic or Moon 
Blindness. Acute inflammation occurs usually in conse- 
quence of some irritating substance, hay-seed, dust, etc., 
having got into the eye, or from overheating, heated 
foot, or from hereditary predisposition. 

Symptoms. — It comes on with heat and uneasiness, the 
animal keeps the eye closed, or dreads the light, the eye- 
ball and inside of the lid look red, and the ball is pro- 
truded and the eye secretes a quantity of water, which 
runs down on the cheek, or of humor, which becomes 
purulent, and glues the lids together. The cornea is dim 
and whitish, or covered with a scum, the haw is swollen 
and red. 

Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay-seed, hair, 
or other substances, and if found, carefully remove them. 
They are more frequently under the upper lid, which 
may be turned inside out over the point of the finger, 
by taking the lashes between the finger and thumb, and 
turning the lid upward. The eyes should be bathed with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, diluted one-half 
with water, or if this be not at hand, make a lotion by 
putting four or five drops of A. A., in a half-pint of pure, 
soft water, and the eye should be bathed with this two 
or three times per day, ao long as the heat and swelling 



DISEASES OF HORSES 63 

exist. Give at the same time, in recent cases, fifteen 
drops of A. A., four times per day, and in old cases the 
same dose morning and night. Arnica is of little conse- 
quence, except where the inflammation is the result of a 
bruise. 

Periodic Ophthalmia is really a general affection, the 
result of teething, and usually appears on the cutting of 
the middle incisors, the molars, and tusks, and hence, at 
the age of from three to five years. 

Symptoms. — Generally only one eye is attacked; the eye 
looks smaller, swims in tears, and is sensitive to the 
light, the cornea becomes dim and leaden, and the lens 
look gray. The pulse is full and frequent; the mouth 
hot, tongue dry, the water scanty and bowels constipated. 
There is evidently feverish excitement of the system and 
congestion of the blood to the head. Not unfrequently 
the inflammation passes from one eye to the other. 
Severe or repeated attacks are very apt to return again or 
leave as results, dimness of the cornea, opacity of the 
lens or cataract behind them. 

Treatment. — Exclude the animal from the glare of the 
light, and give at once ten drops of A. A., every four or 
six hours. Bathe the eye from time to time with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel diluted with an equal 
quantity of soft water, or with the lotion mentioned in 
tne case of Acute Ophthalmia. Keep him on low diet 
and the case will generally be soon relieved. As the eye 
improves, the intervals between the doses of medicine 
should be prolonged. Often a dose night and morning is 
sufficient. Given early it will prevent the development 
of serious consequences. 

The Haw 

We mention in this connection a curious mechanism of 
the eye more to guard against abuses than to cure dis- 
ease. Concealed within the inner corner of the eye, the 
margin only visible, is a black or pied triangular-shapen 
cartilage called The Haw, with its broad part forward. 
It is concave, exactly to suit the globe of the eye, and 
cenvex without, so as to adapt itself to the mucous lining 
of the lid, and the base of it is reduced to a thin, sharp 



64 DISEASES OF THE EYES 

edge. At the will of the animal this is rapidly protruded 
from its hiding-place, and passing swiftly over the eye, 
shovels up every nuisance mixed with tears, and then 
being suddenly drawn back, the dust or insect is wiped 
away as the haw again passes under the corner of the eye. 
The haw is subject in common with other parts of the 
eye to inflammation and swelling and senseless grooms 
term this ' 'the Hooks, ' ' and have been known to draw 
the haw out and cut it off, to the lasting injury of the 
organ. 

Such an inflammation only requires the usual treat- 
ment, and will be subdued by bathing the eye with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, diluted one-half 
water, and giving A. A. internally, ten drops as a dose 
and repeated morning and night. 

Injuries to the Eye 

Must be treated both internally and externally. 

Remedies. — Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel and 
A.A. 

The Marvel, if the injury has been produced by a 
mechanical cause, as blows from a whip, punctures, etc. , 
and there is much soreness and inflammation, it should 
be applied externally, in the form of a lotion of one part 
of Marvel "to three parts of water, and the injured part 
bathed three times a day, at the same time A. A. should 
be given internally. 

The A. A. should be given, if there is much inflam- 
mation, or the eye is congested. 

H.H. may be used later, if there is any dimness of the 
eye left. 

►Sometimes pieces of hay or chafl' get into the eye and 
cause a great deal of irritation; of course the first thing 
to be done is to carefully remove them, and then apply 
the Marvel, diluted with half water, which, in the 
majority of cases, is all that is necessary to be done. 



CHAPTER V.— Part I. 

DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 
Structure and Action of the Heart 

Before entering on a description of the diseases of the 
Heart, it may be well to give a brief description of that 
organ and its functions, for the benefit of non-professional 
readers. 

The heart is placed in the center of the thorax, in the 
space between the lungs, and opposite the third, fourth, 
fifth and sixth ribs. It may be described as a muscular 
forcing pump, for the transmission of blood to all parts of 
the body. The texture of the heart is muscular, with 
tendinous or cartilaginous bands around the openings 
between the auricles and ventricles, and between the 
latter and the arteries. It contains four chambers, viz. : 
two auricles and two ventricles', each auricle communi- 
cates with its corresponding ventricle ; bat the auricles do 
not communicate with each other / nor do the ventricles. 
The opening in each pair is guarded by a little valve, in 
order to ensure the flow of blood in one direction, and to 
prevent any regurgitation or re flow from the ventricles 
into the auricles. We find valves for a similar purpose 
placed at the origin of the pulmonary artery and the aorta, 
which proceed from the right and left ventricles, and are 
the channels by which the blood flows through the former 
to the lungs, through the latter to the general circulation. 
The chambers of the heart are lined by a smooth mem- 
brane of a serous character, called the endocardium, 
which is often the seat of disease ; and the whole is enclosed 
in a fibro-serous sac, called the pericardium. 

On examining the heart, it will be found externally 
divided by a furrow, which corresponds with a muscular 
septum, dividing the organ into two parts, or two hearts, 
having no direct communication with one another, except 
in the foetus. The right side, whose parts are thinner 
than the left, may be called the venous heart, as it receives 



66 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

the blood in an impure state from the veins, and transmits 
it through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it 
becomes exposed to the atmosphere, and converted from 
venous into arterial blood. It is then conveyed by the 
pulmonary arteries to the left auricle and ventricle, whence 
it is propelled through the aorta and its branches to all 
parts of the body. 

The dimension and weight of a healthy heart vary so 
much that it is not possible to give them accurately, but 
the average is stated as follows by Mr. Walsh: " It is 
about ten and a quarter inches from the base to the apex, 
seven inches in its antero-posterior diameter, and five and 
a quarter from side to side. In weight, it varies from six 
and a half to seven pounds. The auricles have much 
thinner walls than the ventricles, and the muscular sub- 
stance or the left ventricle, occupying the apex of the 
heart, is very much thicker than that of the right." 

The nerves which supply the heart are the pneumo- 
gastric and sympathetic. 

Idiopathic disease of the heart in the equine race is a 
very rare occurrence; but, as a consequence or accom- 
paniment of influenza and fevers of a low type, is by no 
means uncommon ; it is therefore of importance that we 
should know how to diagnose both the organic and func- 
tional derangement of so important an organ, which can 
only be done by making ourselves familiar with. 

The Action op the Heart in Health. — There are three 
means by which this knowledge may be attained : first, by 
Percussion, which, in the human subject, affords an index 
to the size and position of the heart ; but in consequence 
of the less exposed position of that organ in the horse, is 
of little value, except in diagnosing Hydrops Pericardii. 
Second, by Impulse, or the force of the beat imparted to 
the hand placed flat on the near side of the chest, just 
behind the elbow. Third, by Auscultation, which is the 
only reliable way of ascertaining the condition of the heart, 
and consists in placing one ear, or a stethoscope, in the 
same position as that already described. Two distinct 



DISEASES OF HORSES 67 

sounds can be heard; the first, termed the' "systolic," 
is louder and more prolonged than the second (which 
immediately follows), and seems to depend upon the 
contraction of the ventricle ; during this contraction the 
organ elongates and rotates on its axis from right to left, 
thus producing the impulse and sound on the left side of 
the thorax. The second, "diastolic," or "flapping," 
sound, cannot be heard in a fat, circular-chested horse; 
it is supposed to arise from the regurgitation of the blood, 
which is in the aorta and pulmonary arteries, forcibly 
closing the valves placed at their origin in the ventricles, 
so as to prevent the blood coming back into the heart. 
These sounds together form what is called the "beat," 
and are succeeded by a brief interval of repose. In the 
healthy animal these beats are uniform and regular, 
corresponding with the pulse ; but in disease there may 
be, first, increase or diminution in the frequency and 
strength of the beats; second, irregular or intermittent 
action of the heart. In the latter case, we hear two or 
three beats in quick succession, and then a longer inter- 
val of repose than is natural, followed by the consecu- 
tive, quick beats and long repose, the number of the 
former and duration of the latter being singularly 
uniform. Third, the systolic and diastolic sounds may 
increase, diminish, or be succeeded by other sounds 
indicative of disease hereafter described. 

Pericarditis — Dropsy of the Heart 

Definition. — Inflammation of the fibro-serous mem- 
brane which invests the heart, causing the effusion of a 
serous fluid. It occurs as a primary affection and as a 
complication in Influenza, Rheumatism and other con- 
stitutional diseases. 

Causes. — When met with in an idiopathic form, which 
is very rare, it may depend upon exposure to damp, cold, 
changes of temperature, and those unhealthy conditions 
which also cause acute diseases of the respiratory organs. 
It may also arise from a sudden change from low, to rich 



68 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

heating food, or from the field to a hot stable. But it 
usually occurs as an accompaniment of Pleurisy or 
Rheumatism. 

Symptoms. — The horse stands quiet, showing signs of 
pain and anguish, with sunken head, anxious expression 
in the face, dilated nostrils, frequent (100 to 120), wiry, 
and sometimes irregular or intermittent pulse, and 
general intense fever. 

The breathing is also accelerated (36) and difficult, and 
is accompanied by a movement of the flank similar to that 
seen in broken wind, and by a deep depression along the 
margin of the costal cartilages. In the early stages, pres- 
sure on the left side, and smart percussion in the region 
of the heart, cause flinching and expression of pain ; and 
auscultation, before exudation has takenplace, reveals friction 
— to and fro — sounds. These sounds are, however, not 
uniformly present in this disorder, nor is their presence an 
unquestionable proof of its existence, for similar sounds 
may be do to pleural disease, the latter being characterized 
by synchronism with the respiratory movements. The 
friction sounds are therefore of little value, except as con- 
current with other symptoms. They also cease when 
exudation or adhesion has taken place; then the heart's 
beats are muffled. In the later stages, the heart, which 
at first palpitates, soon becomes fluttering and uncertain 
in its beat, conveying a peculiar pulsation to the hand, 
not easily to be described. No impulse can be felt when 
the effusion is considerable. Percussion gives a dull sound 
over the region of the heart, but not so in other parts of 
the chest, where the respiratory and bronchial sounds may 
be heard, thus distinguishing Hydrops Percardii from 
Hydrothorax. The breathing gradually becomes more 
distressing, and movement aggravates the distress; the 
pulse more feeble and even imperceptible at the jaw; the 
ears and legs cold; the legs, sheath, chest, abdomen, etc., 
cedematous; and the general wasting rapid till death 
ensues. 

Diagnosis. — The friction sounds, and pain on percussion 



DISEASES OF HORSES 69 

in the region of the heart, with irregularity in its beats, 
and a peculiarly anxious expression of countenance, are 
the principal pathognomic symptoms — to which Delafond 
adds dyspnoea, attended by an action of the flank like that 
of a broken winded horse. The great difficulty is to dis- 
tinguish this disease from Pleurisy, which may be done by 
accurately marking the period at which the frictional 
sounds occur, viz. : during the systole or beat of the 
heart, whereas for Pleuritis we hear it during the respira- 
tory movements of the lungs. When the pericardial 
fluid becomes much increased, the friction sound ceases, 
as does also the impulse of the heart, which at first 
usually palpitates, then becomes fluttering, feeble, and 
intermittent, and at last can with difficulty be heard. 
Percussion gives a dull sound in the region of the heart, 
but just behind it, as well as in other parts of the lungs; 
if there is no disease in them, or Hydrothorax, the 
resonance in those parts will serve to distinguish Hydrops 
Pericardii from Hydrothorax. 

Prognosis. — In the strong, and in the majority of cases, 
favorable. 

Treatment. — A.A„, given every three hours, and later, 
four times per day, will be proper. 

Endocarditis 

Definition. — Inflammation of the fibro-serous mem- 
brane which lines the heart. 

This is a very common complication in Rheumatism, 
and is very acute and dangerous ; the danger arising less 
from the fatality of the acute stage, than from the lesions 
which are consequent upon it. 

Symptoms.-— In Endocarditis the contractions of the 
heart are energetic, vibratory, and often irregular; the 
pulse is also irregular, and frequently intermittent, 
and there is a contrast between the feebleness of the pulse 
and the violence of the heart beats. Leblanc states that 
this last symptom is characteristic of Endocarditis. He 
has also observed a loud metallic tinkling, and a bruit de 



70 DISEASES OP THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

souffle, or sound like the blowing of a pair of bellows, or 
a sawing noise, like bronchial respiration, accompanying 
the systole of the heart. In the early stages, the breath- 
ing is not so difficult as in Pericarditis ; but if the auriculo- 
ventricular valves are thickened, it becomes distressing. 
Sometimes the whole of the membrane is thickened; in 
other cases the lesion is limited; in others, the abnormal 
growth forms a cardiac Polypus, which may grow to an 
enormous size. The legs are usually cold. 

Pathology. — The endocardium, although a serous mem- 
brane, is mixed with fibrous elastic tissue at its valvular 
reduplications, which accounts for the disease being so 
frequently associated with rheumatism, and for the morbid 
appearances more commonly witnessed in the valvular 
structure of the heart than elsewhere. The natural result 
of inflammation in this, as in other serous membranes, is 
the effusion of lymph, and consequent thickening, which 
sometimes interferes with the play of the valves, or 
narrows the auriculo-ventricular openings, thus producing 
the bellows-sound which has been described as one of the 
chief symptoms. The inflammation may extend to the 
muscular substance of the heart, which becomes darkened 
in color and easily broken down; while in some cases 
large quantities of fibrin are thrown out, which quite 
block up the auriculo-ventricular openings and orifices of 
the large blood vessels. To Endocarditis may also be traced 
Tumors and Polypi, as well as Hypertrophy and Dilatation. 
Abscess in the walls of the heart has also been observed 
as a consequence of Endocarditis. 

Diagnosis. — The pathognomic symptoms of Endocarditis 
are frequently very obscure, being like those of Pericarditis ; 
but it is of very little consequence, as the treatment must 
be similar. However, the bellows-sound in the former, 
and the friction sound in the latter, are sufficient in the 
majority of cases to point out the nature of the disease 
when taken in connection with other symptoms which 
have been mentioned. 

Prognosis. — Owing to the various terminations of 



DISEASES OF HORSES 71 

Endocarditis, nearly all of a serious character, our opinion 
as to the ultimate result must be unfavorable, althqugh. in 
the majority of cases the animal appears to recover; but 
he is found afterwards not as good in his wind as formerly, 
easily distressed, and when going at an ordinary pace 
with hounds, will probably fall down and expire suddenly. 
A. A. will be our best resource. 

Hypertrophy — Enlargement of the Heart 

Definition. — An abnormal growth of the muscular 
tissue of the heart by thickening of the walls. 

Varieties. — There are three. Simple Hypertrophy is 
the thickening of the walls without any change in the 
capacity of the cavities. Eccentric Hypertrophy is the 
thickening of the walls with dilatation of the cavities. 
Concentric Hypertrophy is the thickening of the walls 
with diminution of the cavities. The lesion is usually 
associated with other diseases, and especially with 
affections of the lungs. 

The disorder is slow in its progress, though it soon 
interferes with the working capacity of the animal. It 
predisposes to other lesions, such as congestion of the 
lungs, hemorrhage, etc. 

Causes. — Excessive effort of the heart to overcome ob- 
struction to its action ; constriction of the vessels and of 
the openings between the different cavities of the heart; 
deposits on the semi lunar valves; Aneurism of the aorta 
or the pulmonary artery ; excessive physical exertion and 
consequent exhaustion of the heart. Mr. Pritchard re- 
marks that ' 'horses, particularly those employed in quick' 
draught, are commonly called on to perform arduous tasks 
with full stomachs, by which the free action of the lungs 
is considerably impeded ; thus, obstruction being given to 
the circulation through the pulmonary vessels, correspond- 
ing increase of force in the action of the heart is the 
consequence." Hypertrophy has been often observed in 
broken winded horses. 

Symptoms. — Strong, impulsive movement of the heart, 



72 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

which remains constant; intensity of sound, with a loud, 
hollow thumping beat; a metallic bruit or "clack" ; irregu- 
larity of rythm ; dullness on percussion. The horse is easily 
distressed, palpitation comes on with ordinary quick work, 
and there is an anxious expression in his eye on these 
occasions, which leads us to suspect that there is something 
amiss with the animal. These symptoms are attended with 
languor, coldness of legs and ears, dyspnoea, giddiness or 
Megrims, loss of appetite, and, in a later stage of the 
disease, with ©edematous swelling of the chest, abdomen, 
and extremities. 

Pathology. — The thickening of the walls of the heart 
may be regarded as a beautiful provision of nature to 
strengthen the organ and enable it to overcome the obstacle 
which exists to the free circulation of blood through it. 
The thickening of the muscle depends Upon excess of 
nutrition consequent on increased action; similar to the 
change in the biceps muscle of the blacksmith's arm from 
hard work. 

It may be an idiopathic disease not dependent on 
obst ruction ; but such cases are very rare. The obstruction 
will usually be found to depend on disease of some of the 
valves, or constriction of the aorta or pulmonary artery at 
its origin. The Hypertrophy may be general, or we may 
find only one auricle or ventricle (generally the latter) 
whose walls are thickened. 

Diagnosis. — The increased impulse of the heart, espec- 
ially after quick work; the irregularity of the pulse and 
thick wind, without any lung disease being present ; and 
the dullness on percussion over the cardiac region, are the 
chief pathognomic symptoms. 

Prognosis. — Although the disease is incurable, a horse 
may live for years with enlarged heart. 

Treatment. — Doses of A. A. will be of value in conjunc- 
tion with only moderate work and good care. 

Atrophy of the Heart 

Definition. — Emaciation or wasting away of the walls 
of the heart. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 7S 

Causes. — Similar to those of dilatation. Loss of ner- 
vous power through the degenerating: influence of fevers 
induces Atrophy by weakening the muscular fibres of 
the heart. 

Symptoms. — Feeble impulse of the heart, with louder 
sounds than are usually heard on applying the ear to the 
chest. The pulse is generally slow, feeble and intermit- 
tent. The veins in the neck may also be observed to 
pulsate. The animal is dull and fastidious in his 
appetite ; dropsical swellings appear on the chest and 
belly; the legs become cold or cedematous. There is 
difficulty in breathing on the slightest exertion, and 
sometimes palpitation or fluttering of the heart. 

Pathology. — There are two forms of Atrophy, one in 
which there is a wasted and flabby appearance of the 
organ, whose parietes are so weak that when removed 
from the body it does not retain the rounded symmetry 
of a natural heart, but becomes a shapeless mass when 
thrown on the ground. This form of Atrophy was fre- 
quently met with during the prevalence of the Cattle 
Plague, and it has been observed in connection with 
some forms of Influenza. The second form of Atrophy is 
termed Fatty Degeneration of the heart. Of this there 
are two varieties. In one the fat grows on the surface of 
the organ, encroaching on and insinuating itself between 
the muscular fibres, impoverishing them, and ultimately 
causing them to waste; the result is that the muscular 
walls become thin. In the other variety, fat in a mole- 
cular form takes the place of the muscular element, and 
ultimately fills the sheaths, which previously contained 
muscular fibre. 

Dilatation of the Heart 

Definition. — Enlargement of one or more of the 
cavities of the heart. 

Causes. — Some defect in the valvular apparatus, allow- 
ing the blood to regurgitate and to distend the cavity, 
which, by pressure on the walls, causes absorption and 



74 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

attenuation; loss of power in the nervous system; fevers 
of a sthenic or typhoid character, which weaken the 
muscular fibres. 

Symptoms. — The action of the heart is feeble and tremu- 
lous; the pulse small, soft and weak; the least exertion 
brings on Dyspnoea; there are languor, giddiness, or 
"Megrims"; the horse is "off his food"; the ears and 
legs are cold; and ultimately there is oedema of the legs, 
belly and chest. 

Pathology. — Dilatation may exist either with Hyper- 
trophy or with Atrophy of the walls of the heart, and in 
the latter case is most probably an effect of the emaciated 
state of the muscular substance of the heart, which 
allows the blood to accumulate, and to distend one or 
more of the auricles or ventricles. 

Treatment. — Dilatation and atrophy of the heart admit 
of very little help in the majority of cases, moderate 
work and occasional or daily use of A. A., will be proper, 
and do something towards improving the condition and 
prolonging the usefulness of the animal. 

Palpitation 

Definition. — An abnormal increase in the action of 
the heart. 

Irregularity in the action of the heart is a functional 
derangement, and not do to organic disease. It occurs 
in horses that are in feeble health and out of condition, 
or that have been subject to severe and straining exercise, 
such as pulling a heavy load up-hill or running hard 
with the hounds. 

Anemic Palpitation 

Cause. — Poverty of blood. 

Symptoms. — A dull, thumping sound is heard to pro- 
ceed from the cavity of the chest, which, in extreme 
cases, may be heard on both sides, and may even be 
audible at a distance of some yards, corresponding to the 
beatings of the heart and pulse; tumultuous breathing, 
redness of the mucous membranes, increased temperature 



DISEASES OP HORSES 



75 



of the body. Auscultation will detect blood sounds in 
the neighborhood of the heart, large arteries, and veins. 
These "anemic, murmurs" vary with the condition of the 
blood, and are caused by its "churning" as it passes 
through the traversing channels of the heart. They 
constitute a continuous hum, or the "bruit de diable" of 
the French. In some cases the action of the heart is so 
great that it causes shaking or jerking of the whole body. 
Prognosis. — When the palpitation does not proceed 
from any organic disease, we may expect to remove it in 
a very short time by appropriate homeopathic remedies. 
A dose of A. A. often relieves an attack. 

Differences Between So-called Spasm of the 

Diaphragm ( Palpitation ) and True Spasm 

of the Diaphragm (Hiccough). 



SO-CAJXED SPASM 
<>E THE DIAPHRAGM. 



TRIE SPASM 
OP THE DIAPHRAGM. 



Hiccough is seldom 
present. 

The action of the ab- 
dominal muscles is in- 
creased and the heaving 
of the flanks is quite 
visible. In those cases, 
where Palpitation occurs 
from a hard run with the 
hounds, the diaphragm 
becomes tired, the ab- 
dominal muscles come to 
its assistance in carrying 
on the respiration and the 
heart's action is increased 
in order to overcome the 
obstacle which probably 
exists in the pulmonary 
arteries. 

The flanks are tucked 
up. 



Hiccough is always 
present. 

The action of the ab- 
dominal muscles at the 
flank is imperceptible. 



There is great fullness 
in the flanks from the 
abdominal viscera being 
pushed backwards, 



76 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

Spasm of the Diaphragm 

There is a form of palpitation which has received this 
designation, and has been mistaken for a functional dis- 
order of the diaphragm, or excessive motion of the 
abdominal muscles. True Spasm of the Diaphragm is 
Hiccough ; and in this condition there are no such sounds 
as characterize Palpitation. 

Cause. — The excessive action of the heart, when the 
horse has been distressed by severe gallops or an exciting 
run, produces a jerking of the whole body, as the heart 
strikes the dorso-costal region, towards the upper part of 
the first false ribs. 

Symptoms. — These are much the same as in Anemic 
Palpitation ; but in addition there is violent elevation of 
the flanks, perceptible to the observer, and, if being 
ridden, most unpleasant to the rider. The symptoms 
appear and disappear suddenly. 

Treatment. — Give A. A. once in two hours, at first, 
and later three times per day. 

Embolism 

Definition. — Distension and plugging of the arteries by 
solid coagulated lymph, consisting of fibrous clots, frag- 
ments of decaying or suppurating tissue, and the elements 
of Tubercule and Cancer. 

Cause. — The reason why there is deposition of the 
offending material is unexplained ; but it is brought from 
different parts of the circulatory system, from diseased 
tissues through the veins and the heart, and deposited so 
as to obstruct larger or smaller arteries, and thus prevent 
the flow of arterial blood to the limbs and organs. The 
arteries and hind limbs are most liable to this disorder. 

Symptoms. — An accurate diagnosis is not always prac- 
ticable, because the disease itself is obscure. The symp- 
toms which have been observed attending Embolism are 
great pain, profuse sweat, but cold extremities; quick, 
wiry pulse; and considerable general disturbance of 
health ; anxious expression of face ; looking round to the 



DISEASES OF HORSES 77 

affected parts; rigidity and contraction of certain muscles; 
partial recovery and simultaneous attack of the other 
limb, and return of attack to the first; diminished pulse 
in the arteries of the implicated limb; peculiar throbbing 
of the posterior aorta felt through the rectum; followed 
by partial or complete paralysis of the limb or hind 
quarters; and ultimately death. 

Aneurism 

Definition. — A tumor formed by the dilatation of an 
artery, or communicating with an artery, and containing 
blood. In the first stage the tumor contains fluid blood, 
and pulsates; in its second stage it contains coagulated 
blood, deposited in numerous thin layers, resembling the 
leaves of a book. 

Aneurism may be idiopathic or traumatic ; the latter is 
caused by injury to the artery. In the idiopathic or 
spontaneous Aneurism the dilatation may be of consider- 
able extent, or it may be limited, with the coats of the 
artery intact or even thickened, or the inner coat may be 
attenuated and the outer one pressed outward. As the 
Aneurism becomes old, the coats become indurated, 
oalcified and liable to burst. It is not an uncommon 
disorder in the horse, and when it occurs it is generally 
in the deep-seated arteries. The posterior aorta, at the 
origin of the anterior mesenteric artery, is very subject to 
Aneurism as animals grow older. 

Diagnosis. — This is extremely difficult, for the atten- 
dant symptoms may be readily attributed to some other 
malady. They often come on suddenly; the horse 
becomes dejected, thin, and unable to work; respiration 
is accelerated; pulse and heart- beats are irregular; there 
is some stiffness in turning, or tenderness on pressure 
applied to the loins; swelling and cramps in the hind 
legs; Paralysis. 

Varicose Veins 

Definition. — A morbid dilatation of the veins, causing 
a knotty, unequal swelling, so that their valves, which 



78 DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

cannot undergo a corresponding enlargement, cease to be 
efficient. The effect is a retarded and imperfect flo\v of 
blood on the return to the heart. 

The disease occurs most frequently in the form of a 
soft, elastic tumor in the saphena vein, where it passes 
over the inner surface of the hock joint; but it may affect 
another vein, or many veins. It is commonly found 
where the blood has been repeatedly drawn. 

Causes. — Violent efforts in drawing; strains; inflam- 
mation set up by a prick in shoeing; frequent blood- 
lettings. 

Symptoms. — The affected veins are dilated, tortuous, 
knotted, and divided into separate pouches, with obliter- 
ation of the valves. Varix of the saphena at the hock 
joint is attended with a tumor, Avhich gradually increases 
in size, is flaccid to the touch, slightly pendulous, and 
shaking loosely when the horse walks ; becoming full and 
tense on pressure of the vein above it; and capable of 
evacuation by pressure from below upward. 

Treatment. — Occasional doses of A. A., are beneficial. 



CHAPTER VI.— Pakt I. 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

Apoplexy 

Occasionally, in consequence of high feeding and defic- 
ient exercise, and especially in fat young horses, with 
short necks and large blood-vessels, this disease occurs. 
It may also come on in consequence of drawing a heavy 
load up a hill. It is predisposed by an over-loaded stomach. 

Symptoms. — In apoplexy, the horse either suddenly 
falls down lifeless, or- there are premonitory symptoms, 
such as vertigo, the animal holds his head down, or leans 
it upon something, yawns, perspires slightly, and moves 
clumsily, etc. Afterwards, the animal falls down suddenly, 
the circulation becomes disturbed and irregular, eyes red, 
protruded, and staring ; breathing labored, short, rattling ; 
body covered with sweat, and eyelids paralized. After a 
few convulsions the animal dies; or, in rare cases, an 
improvement takes place, to be again, after a longer or 
shorter period of time, followed by relapse, or to result in 
paralysis. (Compare the symptoms with those of Epilepsy). 

Treatment. — So soon as any of the premonitory symp- 
toms are observed, give fifteen drops of A. A. at once, 
and repeat the dose every one, two or three hours, until 
the animal is relieved, and then at longer intervals. If the 
horse falls under an attack of the disease, give of the 
above Remedy at once, and repeat the dose every half-hour 
or hour ; remove the harness, etc. , and from time to time 
pour some cold water upon the head, not too much or 
too violently, while you also give the medicine internally. 
Injections of salt and water also may be of decided 
advantage. 

Epilepsy 

This disease sometimes appears in the horse, and mani- 
fests itself in the following manner: the animal suddenly 
trembles, remains standing for an instant with legs spread 
out, staggers, and then falls; convulsions ensue; he kicks, 
rolls, and twists himself about, grinds his teeth, passes 
his dung and urine involuntarily, froths at the mouth, 



80 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

the motions of the v eye are spasmodic, irregular, and the 
respiration loud, painful and sobbing. After a while he 
becomes quiet, breathing regular, and he gradually comes 
to himself as if coming out of a dream. The duration of 
a fit varies from a few minutes to a half hour. The 
attacks return again at periods varying from a few days 
to several weeks or months, generally coming at shorter 
intervals. Epilepsy differs from apoplexy as spasm differs 
from paralysis, and a little attention will not fail to 
distinguish them. 

The causes are deep-seated changes in the nervous 
organism, and they are rarely curable. 

Treatment.— Give, on any premonitions of an attack, 
fifteen drops of A. A. at once, and you will usually 
ward it off. For an attack, put a few drops in the mouth 
as soon as you can safely do it, and repeat it every half- 
hour or hour, until the paroxysm is ended. Afterwards, 
always give one dose to prevent a return. 

Vertigo, Megrims, Blind Staggers 

This is rather a frequent affection of the horse, and- is 
a consequence of an undue pressure or rush of blood to 
the head, in most cases also excited by indigestion or 
over- fullness of the stomach. 

In the milder cases, the horse stops suddenly, shakes 
his head or even staggers in evident giddiness and half- 
unconsciousness for a moment, and then goes on again as 
if nothing had happened. In more severe cases, he stops 
suddenly, shakes his head, falls or drops down, or after 
a few unconscious turns and a violent struggle, will 
become insensible, and then rise up and go on again; such 
attacks closely simulate true epilepsy. 

Treatment.— In all similar cases, whether incipient or 
tully developed, give fifteen drops of A. A., and repeat it 
every quarter or half hour, until the animal is relieved, 
or tor twelve or twenty-four hours, and then at intervals 
ot say four hours, alternate it with J.K., until restored. 
When this dozing, stupid condition mentioned above is 
present, indicating evident congestion to the head, fifteen 
arops ot A. A., each morning and noon, and the same of 
J.K., at night, will soon restore the animal again. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 81 

Paralysis 

Paralysis, entire or partial loss of nervous power over 
the muscles of certain parts or portions of the body, 
occasionally occurs in the horse as a consequence of 
mechanical injuries, severe cold, or some internal cause. 

When occuring in the face, the muscles of one side lose 
the power of motion; the lips hang down, and seem 
swollen, are drawn to one side, or pulled upward ; food is 
picked up and retained with difficulty, mastication is 
imperfect, and food drops readily from the mouth. 
Sometimes there is no feeling in the face or lips. 

When the hinder part of the body is paralized, the 
horse is unable to rise or stand, sits on his haunches like 
a dog, constipation and arrest of urination are apt to be 
present. In slighter cases, the hind legs sway about clumsily 
or he drags them after him, Or even walks on his fetlocks. 

Treatment. — The first course in case of recent paralysis, 
is to give fifteen drops of A. A., every two hours, which 
continue one day; then give fifteen drops of J.K., every 
four or six hours, according to the circumstances, until 
relieved, and then morning and night for a time. 

Inflammation of the Brain, Phrenitis. 
Mad Staggers. 

This disease is most frequently met with in entire horses, 
and attacks especially those that are ardent, in high con- 
dition, but little worked ; and it is liable to be excited by a 
chill after being over-heated or over- worked in hot weather. 
It may also arise from blows or similar injuries on the head. 

Symptoms. — In some cases it comes on slowly; the horse 
is dull and sleepy; rests his head on the manger, or 
places it against the wall or between his legs, and falls 
asleep. In this state he will, perhaps, stagger and almost 
fall to the ground; he, however, wakes up, stares about 
him, takes a mouthful of hay, chews it slowly, and ere 
long is again dozing or fast asleep. The eyelids are 
nearly closed; the eyes and nose red; the pupils dilated; 
the bowels bound, and pulse slower than in health. This 
is the congestive stage, and may continue until the animal 
recovers or dies; but, in general, other symptoms appear 



82 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

to which the name Mad Staggers may be more appro- 
priately applied. In such cases the pulse rises; the 
breathing is quickened ; the nose and eyes are very red ; 
nostrils widened ; the eyes have a wild, fierce look ; the feet 
are stamped, as if in passion; he plunges about the stall, 
rears upward, strikes out with his fore-feet, and falls 
backward upon the ground, where he lies panting and 
covered with sweat; his eyes are thrust forward out of 
their sockets, and rattles are heard in the throat. 
Towards the end these violent paroxysms are repeated 
from time to time, and it is very dangerous to approach 
or go near him. At last, he is so weak and prostrate 
that he cannot rise, and amidst convulsions, strangling, 
foaming at the mouth, sweating, and panting for breath, 
the animal dies. 

Treatment. — The treatment will not be difficult, or the 
result doubtful, during the congestive stage; but in the 
fully developed or phrentic stage, quite so in both respects. 
The A. A., is the principal dependence, and a dose of 
fifteen drops may be given every two or three hours, at 
first, and as the horse improves, the intervals may be some- 
what prolonged. Continue this treatment steadily and 
without deviation. During the paroxysms, the medicine 
may be given by means of a small glass syringe, or the 
Medicator used in a similar manner. After the more 
intense symptoms have passed over, some doses of J.K., 
alternately with that of A. A., will be of value, giving one 
in the morning and the other at night. 

Concussion of the brain, inducing symptoms and a con- 
dition not essentially varying from the above, requires 
the same treatment, together with such external applica- 
tions as the wound may require. 

Tetanus, or Lock-Jaw 

This disease is more common in the horse than in other 
domestic animals. It consists of a muscular spasm of the 
jaw (whence its name), which usually from thence extends 
to all the muscles of the body. It always occurs in con- 
sequence of an injury or wound, such as broken knees, 
open joints, severe bruises, nicked or docked tail, castra- 
tion, wounds of the feet, prick of a nail, or even the 
galling of a crupper, through which opening the tetanus 
germ enters the body. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 83 

The germ of tetanus flourishes without air (anaerobic) 
and, outside of the body, lives in soil and manure. 

Symptoms. — In general it comes on very slowly, but also, 
in some cases, with great violence. The muscles of the 
neck and jaw are first affected, so that the horse has great 
difficulty in swallowing and turning his neck. The muscles 
then become quite stiff; the mouth is nearly closed; the 
jaws cannot be parted, and little or no food can be taRen 
into the mouth. By degrees all the muscles become affected 
with the same stiffness and cramp ; the eyes are still and 
staring, pulled back into their sockets, and squinted out- 
ward, and the haw is thrust forward ; the neck can not be 
bent and the muscles feel hard and firm, the head can not 
be raised or lowered, and is held forward, with the nose 
stretched out ; the nostrils are expanded ; the ears pointed 
forward, erect, and fixed; the lips are firmly stretched 
across the teeth, which are partly seen ; the saliva flows 
from the mouth; and the horse looks anxious, and can 
scarcely move, the belly is hard and tucked up; the tail 
is lifted up and held straight out, and in constant trem- 
ble; the legs are firmly fixed to the ground, and spread 
out from each other; the bowels are bound, and urine 
passed with difficulty; the breathing is quickened, 
labored and convulsive ; the pulse is disturbed easily by 
frightening or speaking angrily to the horse, and it 
becomes afterward weak and trembling. While the 
spasm of the muscles continue, the animal is in constant 
pain, although it is less severe at some times than others. 

Treatment. — Where a wound or injury has taken place, 
and tetanus supervenes, it will be, of course, traced directly 
to this, and the w r ound should at once be treated as recom- 
mended for that particular case. If the discharge has 
suddenly stopped, it should be reproduced by mild, warm 
applications to the part. 

To relieve the local injury before mentioned, the bran 
poultice is usually best, and should be applied quite w r arm, 
and repeated every two or four hours, or when it gets dry 
or cold. Look carefully and see if a nail has been driven 
into the quick of the foot or some such injury done, and 
always relieve the local injury as far as possible. The 



84 DISEASES OF THE NEEVOUS SYSTEM 

horse should be treated with the greatest possible kindness 
and not be handled roughly or unkindly. The groom 
must not shout or speak angrily, and too much light must 
not be admitted to the stable for the same reason. Every- 
thing must be done in the most kind and quiet manner 
possible, as you have here not only a muscular spasm, 
but a congested condition of the brain also. Before giving 
the medicine, the lips, mouth and tongue, should be 
cleaned with a cool, wet cloth or rag, and the saliva or 
mucus cleared away. If the tongue or lips are dry, moisten 
them freely with cold water before giving the medicine. 
Bathe the head and neck freely and the stiffened muscles 
along the sides of the neck, from time to time, with 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, and it will be well 
to inject into the anus a quart of linseed or olive oil to 
quicken the movements of the bowels. 

At the first indication of any stiffness of the jaws, or 
contraction of the eye-brows or any other muscle, which are 
usually the earlier symptoms of Lock-jaw, give fifteen 
drops of A. A., and repeat the dose every hour. 

If the disease has been occasioned by a prick of the foot 
or any injury of any tendon or like structure, give B.B., 
in alternation with A. A. In like manner the H.H. may 
be indicated and given in alternation with the A. A., 
where the kidneys have been implicated in the cause and 
there is scanty, suppressed, or difficult Staling as the result. 

Food. — When the jaws are firmly set, no food can be 
given, but there are times when the spasms relax, and 
the jaws are rather wider apart than at other periods. 
Green food and gruel may then be offered to the horse. 
When the jaws become more open, he may have bran- 
tea, clover-tea, or hay tea, gruel and such similar food. 
If the jaws cannot be opened, or he cannot swallow, meal 
or oatmeal gruel may be injected, by means of a large 
syringe, into the fundament, and life be thus prolonged 
and a chance thus given for the Remedy to act. 

Care must be taken to feed sparingly when recovering, 
or indigestion and a fatal relapse may be the consequence. 



DISEASES OF HOUSES 85 

Spinal Meningitis 

This disease has become quite common in late years, 
sometimes appearing in isolated cases, but more frequently 
prevailing in certain cities or sections of country ; and to 
such an extent as to warrent the idea of an epizootic 
influence. Often a large number of horses in a City, County 
or State, are more or less seriously attacked. It is mostly 
observed in the Winter and Spring, and is favored by 
changeable weather, damp or too close stables. Epizootics 
of this disease have also been observed in low-lying sandy 
regions, doubtless favored if not caused by hauling heavy 
loads over deep sandy roads and being exposed when 
heated and sore from such effort to cold drenching rains. 
The disease having once been developed from such 
conditions readily extends itself without the originating 
conditions being present. It is also more common among 
mares, from their being over-worked or strained when in 
heat. 

The Earlier Symptoms are: Dullness, indisposition to 
move, head hanging low, and evident pain and stiffness 
on moving, and especially on being turned around. It 
loses intelligence and takes no notice of things going on 
around him. There is more or less tenderness and 
shrinking on pressure on some portion of the spine or 
along the entire spine, from the hips forward, or on each 
side over the kidneys. The animal does not stand or 
move firmly, but sways from side to side or staggers in 
walking, or seems to drag the hind legs after him, or is 
easily pushed one side, or even over, or leans against the 
stall when standing. Finally the back gives out, and the 
horse falls down, or cannot rise; he has no strength in the 
hind legs. The pulse at first is not much, or but slightly 
increased in frequency or force, but by degrees becomes 
more rapid. The urine is often scanty or suppressed, the 
dung dry, and the animal has from the first a distressed, 
suffering look. 

When the disease has attained its height, the pulse 
becomes quick and the temperature raised, and there is 



86 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

swelling of the throat and congestion of the lungs, and in 
some cases high delirium. Later there is increasing 
stiffness, paralysis and death. 

The disease is frequently fatal in the more severe cases, 
in two or three days, but often continues from seven to 
ten days, and recoveries are usually quite slow. 

Treatment. — A. A. should be given in doses of fifteen 
drops at first, every hour; then, after six or eight hours 
— the intervals may be every two hours, and as the 
animal improves, the intervals between doses may be 
prolonged to three hours. 

If during the disease, the urine, or staling should 
become very scanty, or be passed ivith difficulty, or with 
straining, or be suppressed, then the H.H., for urinary 
or kidney affections, should be given, a dose of fifteen 
drops, in alternation with the A. A. That is, give the 
A. A., and after two hours, give the H.H., then after two 
hours again give the A. A., and so on until the secretion 
of water is fully established, when the H.H. may be 
discontinued. 

After the more urgent stage of the. disease has 
passed over, the heat and fever mostly gone, and there 
yet remains some weakness or partial paralysis of the 
loins, indicated by swaying, tottering or shambling gait, 
the J.K. should be given at intervals of six hours. It is 
the special remedy for partial or complete paralysis, or 
for the weakness and debility after sickness. 

The horse should have a loose box, or wide, roomy 
stall, well littered and reasonably warm, and in cool or 
cold weather, be well covered with blankets, and his 
legs should be occasionally w r ell hand-rubbed. Let him 
have bran mashes, or carrot tea, and pick at some good 
hay. The animal should not be exercised or worked too 
soon after recovery. 



CHAPTER VII.— Part I. 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

Chill 

This term is used to designate a transitory state or 
condition, which may either terminate in recovery, or in 
severe inflammatory disease of some important organ or 
affection, of which the chill is the first stage. When a 
chill is present it is impossible to say, with certainty, 
whether or what further derangement will ensue. But it 
is quite certain an abnormal condition is already present, 
with the probability that it will develop some disease or 
inflammation, of which we now have the first or forming 
stage. Usually the length and violence of the chill is in 
proportion to the importance of the organ attacked, and 
the character of the morbid influence. 

The direct causes of a chill are : exposing the animal to 
cold draughts ; allowing him to drink freely of cold water, 
in very hot or during very cold weather ; exhausting him 
with labor and then placing him in a damp stable; wash- 
ing the legs with cold water, or riding him (while in a 
state of perspiration), into a stream of cold water. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms which are usually observed 
before the chili proper sets in, are: dullness or want of 
spirit on entering a stable after a journey ; hanging of the 
head; standing fixedly in one place; taking little or no 
notice when spoken to; smelling at the food; picking 
amongst it for a short time and then leaving it altogether. 
In addition to these, the eye is dull and countenance 
dejected; the animal grinds his teeth and breathes quicker 
than usual, while the pulse is rarely or never disturbed at 
the commencement. Soon the coat will begin to prick 
and the animal will begin to tremble with considerable 
violence ; his breathing will become more hurried, attended 
with a harsh blowing sound in the nasal passages; the 



88 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

pulse still retaining its usual slow beat. Sometimes the 
breathing becomes quick, hurried and loud "pan ting.' ' 
This condition may continue half an hour, or even two 
hours or more, when the patient will become more quiet, 
the breathing softer, more tranquil, the skin and extrem- 
ities warmer, and the pulse rises to fifty or even sixty 
beats to the minute. From this condition the attack may, 
under judicious treatment, pass off, and speedy recovery 
ensue; or, it may pass into a Catarrhal Fever, or Pneu- 
monia, or Bronchitis, or Lymphitis, or Laminitis, or 
Inflammation of the bowels, or what is quite common, a 
bad, obstinate cough. 

Treatment. — With as little delay as may be, the patient 
should be comfortably housed and blanketed, and fifteen 
drops of A. A., should be given. If not better in half an 
hour, repeat it, and again at intervals of half an hour, 
until the trembling and respiration have been relieved 
and the chill has passed off. Then the animal may be 
safely left under the influence of the same medicine, to be 
repeated every two or three hours, so long as circumstances 
seem to require it. 

Should any of the diseases above mentioned, or other, 
have become developed, the treatment must be varied to 
meet that condition; the particulars of which are to be 
sought under the respective sections in this Manual. But 
it will most frequently be found that having met and 
conquered the enemy at the threshold, but little more 
remains to be done beyond care and rest, for the entire 
recovery of the animal. 

Cold, Grippe, Catarrh 

The nose and air-passages are lined with a delicate mem- 
brane, whose office it is to secrete a thin mucous which 
lubricates the parts. Under the influence of a chill, 
suppressed perspiration, etc., this membrane becomes 
irritated, inflamed, and the discharge arrested, or it is 
thickened, increased, or variously modified. 

The symptoms usually are, the horse is not so lively as 
usual ; he eats little or no food ; he coughs and sneezes ; a 
watery discharge flows from one or both nostrils, and also 
from the eyes, which are red and swelled. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 89 

111 the more severe form, there is a chill, warm skin, 
quick pulse, frequent and somewhat difficult breathing, 
sore throat, pain in the throat when pinched, frequent 
cough, rough coat, bound bowels, red eyes, and red and 
dry nose; tears flow freely, and little or no food is eaten 
— all symptoms indicating a catarrhal fever. As the 
animal improves, the discharge from the nose becomes 
white or yellowish, and more profuse. 

Where numerous horses are attacked about the same 
time, the symptoms assume a more severe form, attended 
with a greater degree of prostration than in cases of 
common cold, and it then merrits the name of Influenza. 
The symptoms of one year vary from those of another, 
and during the same season all animals are not handled 
alike, though the general outline will be the same. The 
attending fever is of a low grade, comes on suddenly, and 
soon reaches its height, and lowness of spirits and weak- 
ness are predominant. The symptoms are often as 
follows : 

The horse is dull, low-spirited, and easily tired; he 
yawns and hangs his head; his coat stares; sweats easily, 
and breathes quickly, when slightly worked or moved. 
He eats little or nothing. As the disease advances, the 
skin is sometimes hot and again cold; the mouth and 
tongue are dry and hot; the white of the eye and nose are 
red; the bowels bound; urine scanty; the eyelids swelled, 
partly closed, tears flow down the face and fret the skin. 
The sides of the nostrils are also fretted by the acrid dis- 
charge from them, which is sometimes very profuse. The 
throat may be so inflamed that swallowing is attended 
with pain and difficulty — the animal "quids" his food, 
and splashes the water with his muzzle, being afraid to 
swallow either fluid or solid food. The throat is painful, 
hot, and swelled on the outside; the glands are also 
swelled, hard and painful, and sometimes come to ahead. 
The cough is frequent, sometimes coming on in fits, and 
breathing is sometimes quite obstructed and difficult. 
When the disease has lasted some time, the dung is slimy 



90 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

and mixed with blood, and the discharge from the nose 
is sometimes bloody. 

A common cold may terminate in inflammation of the 
bronchia or lungs, by extending downward, or it may be 
cured and expend itself merely in the nose and throat. 
So an Influenza may extend and involve the pulmonary 
tissue, and is far more grave than is usually supposed. 

Treatment. — When the disease commences with a 
chill, or any considerable degree of fever is present, give 
fifteen drops of A. A., and repeat it several times, at 
intervals of one or two hours. Then alternate the Rem- 
edy E.E., with the fever medicine, at intervals of 
two or three hours, until the disease is broken up and the 
horse is well. In case of Influenza, even with very 
threatening symptoms, the E.E., and A. A., should be 
given alternately, say every two hours, in doses of fifteen 
drops; keeping the animal well covered and in a warm 
stable. After all the feverish symptoms have disappeared, 
only the E.E., will be required, and the intervals between 
the doses may be prolonged as the animal improves. In 
case the discharge from the nose is profuse or thick and 
excoriating, or when the sore throat is present, or pre- 
dominates, C.C., is better than the E.E., and may be 
given alone, or better, in alternation with A. A. 

When the legs become swelled, with scanty urine, H.H., 
should be interposed, either alone or in alternation with 
C.C., at the same intervals and doses, and this may be 
continued to the conclusion of the case, either alone or 
in alternation with the E.E. 

Influenza — Pink Eye — Horse Distemper 

This disease is well known among horse dealers, and in 
the stables of all our large cities. It is not so often found 
in the open country, but cases occur where green or young 
horses are taken from pasture and subjected to the closer 
atmosphere and changed diet of a warm stable. It is 
generally found among green horses who have been 
brought from the country to our large cities for sale or 
use, and quite a large proportion of all such horses are 
more or less seriously affected by it. The disease is really 
a Catarrhal Influenza, whose symptoms are variously 
modified and only possibly received the now generally 



DISEASES OP HORSES 91 

accepted name of Pink Eve, from a frequent appearance 
of the eye in the earlier stages of the malady. The sup- 
posed causes have been sufficiently above hinted. 

Symptoms. — There is a wide diversity in the symptoms, 
but the more common manifestations are as follows : The 
horse is first observed to be dumpish, dull and disinclined 
to move, or moving clumsily, and looks as if he had been 
sick; the vessels of the eye are distended, turgid, the 
inner lid and corners being unnaturally red (whence, 
probably, the name), the lids become swollen, the animal 
shrinks from the light and tears trickle over the eyelid, 
and lumps of purulent matter occasionally gum up or fill 
the angles. The head seems heavy and hangs down, or 
he rests it upon the manger. First one hind leg and then 
the other swells and becomes infiltrated with fluid, ex- 
tending from the fetlock up and filling the sheath, and 
often along under the belly with an immense infiltration 
of fluid. This swelling is considered characteristic, comes 
on suddenly, affects the whole limb, groin and sheath. 
The hair from the first looks unhealthy, and has a rough 
feeling; the ears, nose and limbs are cold or wet, accord- 
ing to the stage of the disease. The appetite is poor from 
the first, and an attempt to swallow shows that the throat 
is sore ; the fauces will be found inflamed, the tongue is 
foul, thickly coated, and saliva runs freely, though in 
some cases the mouth is dry and feverish; the dung is 
voided in small quantities, as all the functions seem 
torpid. In some cases the glands of the neck become 
involved, tenderness and swelling is found on examin- 
ation, and this swelling may soften and terminate in an 
abscess under the jaw. There is not unfrequently a 
cough. After a few days, a discharge from the nose sets 
in, which is considered a favorable crisis. 

Treatment. — The patient should have the benefit of a 
pure atmosphere — the more elevated, pure and uncon- 
taminated, the better to arrest blood deterioration— and 
be covered according to the temperature of the stable and 
season. The limbs may be rubbed and clothed if cold, 



92 DISEASES OP THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

but not rubbed if they are hot and feverish. In the 
febrile stage, the natural covering is sufficient. Fat 
horses need but trifling food, and bran mashes, scalded 
spout feed, or green food in moderation are best until the 
turn of the disease. 

Give with the first indication of the disease, the A. A., 
which repeat at intervals of three hours, in doses of 
fifteen drops. This may be continued one, two or more 
days, so long as the pulse is quick, mouth hot, or general 
fever, or swelled, reddish eyes. When, however, the 
throat is found to be sore, glands under the jaws swelled 
or tender on pressure, or there is a discharge from the 
nose, the C.C., is more appropriate, and should be sub- 
stituted for the A. A., and the same doses given at the 
same intervals. If, however, there is yet with the above 
fever and heat, the two remedies may be given alter- 
nately — first A. A., then C.C, at intervals of three hours 
between the doses. 

After the legs and sheath have begun to swell, the H.H., 
is in order, and should be given to rouse into activity the 
urinary secretion, and so reduce the swelling. Give then 
the H.H., every three hours, in alternation with the C.C, 
and so continue until the disease is arrested and the 
patient is convalescent. Too great care cannot be exer- 
cised when the legs are swelled, to let the horse stand, not 
to move or exercise the patient, as the movement or 
exercise while the legs are swelled or hot, invariably 
aggravates the difficulty, and may cause it to extend to 
the lungs or other important organs. Take the feed 
away, or keep the feed very low, no grain, only a bran- 
mash, or pick at a little hay, and let the horse stand, and 
the swelling will disappear with the use of the medicines 
mentioned. If from cold or exposure, or an extention of 
the morbid process, the lungs should become involved and 
Pneumonia be present, the disease will require to be 
treated by the A. A., and E.E., as directed for that 
disease, which see. 

Any weakness, or loss of appetite or condition, remain- 



DISEASES OP HORSES *^ 

ing as a sequel of the disease, will be removed by the use 
of J.K., giving fifteen drops three times a day. 

Cough 

Cough is so well known as to require no description. 
It is in almost all cases a mere symptom of some disease 
or morbid condition of the air passages, such as a cold, 
bronchitis, catarrh, or other more serious affection of the 
chest, upon the cure of which it disappears. In some 
cases, however, this affection is so slight as to occasion 
only cough as a symptom of its existence, and the cough 
may be said to be idiopathic. Continued cough predis- 
poses to inflammation, yet some horses have a slight 
cough for years without being otherwise unwell. Other 
coughs are connected with thick wind, broken wind, 
glanders, worms and indigestion. 

Treatment.— For chronic coughs fifteen drops of E.E., 
morning and night. In complicated or recent cases, the 
Remedy may be given four times per day. Sometimes 
the A. A., is more efficient, even when no fever or heat is 
apparent. For catarrhal coughs, give C.C., either alone 
or in alternation with A. A. 

Heaves, Broken Wind, Thick Wind, Whistles 

These are merely varieties of nearly one and the same 
pathological condition, and the distinctions lead to no 
practical result in my method of treatment. 

Thick Wind is generally the result of an imperfectly 
cured bronchitis or pneumonia, leaving either the mucous 
membrane of the- bronchia permanently thickened, or 
some portions of the lung more or less solidified, thus 
impairing its capacity and diminishing or destroying its 
elasticity. Hence, the horse when exercised, especially 
up hill, breathes short, hurriedly, and more laboriously 
than in health. This causes much distress, the horse 
expands his nostrils, heaves, pants and breathes with 
difficulty. 



94 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

Broken Wind is the result of emphysema of the lungs, 
that is, the minute air-cells in certain portions of the 
lungs become dilated, lose their elasticity or power of 
contraction, and breaking one into another, form vari- 
ously-sized sacks of air, the entrance to which becomes 
closed, so that this air remains resident in the lungs and 
so far destroys its use. Spasm of the air- tubes acts in a 
similar manner, hence it may come and go, but the former 
condition is more or less permanent. Spasm, or disease 
of the midriff, is frequently connected with it. The usual 
symptoms are : the flanks are slowly drawn up until they 
have a tucked-up appearance, when they suddenly fall 
down. The act of forcing the air from the lungs is far 
more difficult, and requires longer time than to inspire or 
draw it in. There is also a short, weak, wheezing cough, 
rough, dry coat; greediness for food, yet the animal is 
thin and looks poor ; the belly is swelled with wind ; oats 
often pass unchanged from the bowels. 

Treatment. — Some cases of broken and thick wind can- 
not be cured, as they depend upon organic changes in the 
structure of the lungs, themselves incurable, yet all can 
be benefited by the persistent use of the proper remedies, 
and proper attention to food and work. 

In all cases of this disease, of whatever variety, if recent 
or extensive, give fifteen drops of E.E., noon and at 
night, and the same of A. A. , each morning. In old, long- 
standing cases, give fifteen drops of the A. A., every 
morning, and the same of E.E., at night, continuing the 
treatment with perserverance. 

Food. — As the animal suffers from want of space in the 
chest, so the distension of the stomach with an undue 
quantity of food tends much to increase the difficulty. 
Hence the most condensed form of food is best, plenty of 
oats and little hay, but no chaff, straw, or bloating feed, 
water in moderate quantities, but never to repletion until 
the day's work is over. Green food, carrots especially, 
are always useful. They are readily digested, and are 
peculiarly beneficial to the respiratory organs, On the 



DISEASES OF HOESES 95 

contrary, bloating, flatulent, poor feed, will tend to in- 
crease, and may even occasion, broken wind. The horse 
should not be worked soon after a full meal. 

Bronchitis 

Prom exposure to wet and cold; sudden changes of 
weather; turning the horse into a cold, wet place, or 
bringing him from grass to a warm stable ; standing in a 
draft of cold air, or washing the warm, sweating skin and 
not drying it afterwards, an inflammation of the bronchial 
tubes and minute air-cells takes place, meriting the 
name of Bronchitis. 

Symptoms. — The disease generally begins with a slight 
cough, quick breathing, sore throat, low spirits, dislike 
of food, slight discharge from the nostrils, pain of the 
throat when pinched, and some difficulty of swallowing. 
In some cases, it comes on suddenly with shaking; the 
legs, ears and muzzle are at one time hot and at another 
cold ; the skin is rough and staring ; the head hung down ; 
mouth hot ; the animal remains standing, and does not 
wish to move ; pulse is full and quick ; the cough short, 
frequent, and irritating; the breathing quick and diffi- 
cult ; the eyes and nose red, and rattles are heard in the 
windpipe at the breast. A profuse discharge of matter 
from the nostrils indicates the period from which im- 
provement commences. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of A.A., and E.E., 
alternately every three hours, beginning with A.A. After 
a day or two, as the animal improves, the intervals 
between the doses may be prolonged to four or six hours. 
Keep the animal well covered and protected until recovery 
takes place. After the feverish symptoms have disappeared 
the E.E., may be relied upon. 

Stabling and Food. — In all cases of serious disease of 
the lungs or air-passages, the horse should be placed in a 
large, roomy stable or stall, into which the fresh air may 
freely come, but all damp draughts of air excluded; all 
dung, damp and dirty straw carefully removed; spread 



96 DISEASES OP THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

clean straw on the floor; blanket him according to the 
season, the state of the weather, and skin; hand-rub 
and flannel- bandage the legs every night and morning, 
or oftener if necessary. 

For food, bran mashes, gruel, and tempered water only ; 
when recovering, malt or bran mashes, boiled oats, 
turnips, carrots, and green food, if in season. 

Inflammation of the Larynx, Laryngitis 

The larynx is the upper portion of the windpipe, and 
inflammation of it sometimes occurs and is very dangerous. 
It is not often unmixed, but is generally accompanied with, 
or is an extension of, cold or bronchitis, and its causes are 
the same. 

It is sometimes a dangerous disease, and may kill by 
suffocation or degenerate into bronchitis, or pneumonia. 
It is recognized by the difficulty of respiration, which is 

LOUD AND HEARD AT A DISTANCE. 

The outside of the throat is hot, painful and swelled ; 
swallowing is sometimes difficult, and the fluid even may 
return by the nose ; the breathing is short and difficult, and 
when the air is drawn into the lungs, a rough, harsh sound 
is heard in the larynx ; the cough, at first short and hard, 
becomes more hoarse and feeble, and occurs in fits, 
especially during an attempt to swallow ; the pulse is quick, 
hard and full, and skin hot. As the disease advances the 
breathing becomes more difficult, and is attended with a 
rasping, crowing sound, the neck is straightened and held 
stiffly, the head raised and larynx drawn towards the 
breast, the nostrils are widened, the nose lead colored, 
the eyes red, skin damp with sweat, the pulse becomes 
weak and irregular, and at last from the increasing 
narrowness of the windpipe, the horse actually dies for 
want of breath. 

Treatment. — The treatment is by no means difficult or 
complicated. Give fifteen drops Of A. A., every hour, 
during the violence of the disease, and until the difficult 
breathing has abated and the animal becomes compara- 



DISEASES OF HORSES 97 

tively easy. Then the intervals may be prolonged to two 
and then to three hours, or more, until entire relief is 
obtained. If a cough remains, the E.E. may be given in 
alternation, with the A. A. 

Should the windpipe be very sore to the touch outside, 
it may be occasionally bathed with Humphreys' Marvel 
Witch Hazel with advantage. 

Nasal Gleet 

This is the term applied to an old, long-standing, run- 
ning from the nose. It arises from a morbid condition 
of the lining membrane of the nose, and is often the result 
of a badly treated or neglected cold, especially in old, 
worn out horses, and is similar to catarrh in the human 
species. Sometimes a diseased tooth in the upper jaw 
may give rise to a similar discharge, but this is not a 
true gleet. An almost incredible quantity of thickened 
mucous of different colors sometimes passes, if the horse 
is at grass, almost as green as the food on which he lives ; 
or if he be stabled, white, straw-colored, brown, or even 
bloody, and sometimes evidently mingled with matter or 
pus; and either constantly running, or snorted out in 
masses many times in the day. Sometimes the discharge 
comes only from one nostril, at other times both nostrils 
are affected; in some cases the glands under the jaw are 
enlarged, in other cases no enlargement can be discovered ; 
perhaps after the discharge has been very copious for 
some time it suddenly stops, and the animal remains free 
from any discharge for several weeks, when it comes on 
again as bad as ever; generally speaking, exercise in- 
creases the discharge. Horses affected with this disease 
have been known to continue free from any discharge for 
six or eight weeks, whilst they have continued to rest; 
they have been taken to work, and in a day or two the 
discharge has returned as bad as before. 

Symptoms. — The discharge is yellowish or like cream 
and in some cases greenish. It may be discharged in 
clots, or of some -thickness, constantly flowing, or snorted 



98 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

out in quantities; it may come from both nostrils, but 
generally only from the left. The glands under the left 
jaw are often fixed, hard, and painful. The membrane 
of the nose has a lead color. The discharge may stop for 
a time, and then come on again, more profuse than 
before. After continuing a long time, the animal becomes 
thin and poor, and may finally die. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of C.C., three times 
per day. It will be found quite sufficient to entirely 
control and finally arrest it in recent cases, and will not 
fail to benefit even the most inveterate. 

Pleurisy, Pneumonia, 
Inflammation of the Chest 

The pleura is the delicate serous membrane, covering 
the lungs with one surface, and lining the cavity of the 
ohest with the other. Systematic writers treat of the 
inflammation of this membrane, Pleurisy, and that of the 
substance of the lungs, Pneumonia, separately. But as 
this rarely occurs in fact, and leads to no practical result 
in the treatment, and indeed can be rarely detected before 
death, I prefer the more practical course of treating them 
together. An inflammation of the lungs rarely or never 
remains so, but eventually involves the pleura more or 
less, and so an inflammation of the pleura always involves 
more or less extensively, the pulmonary substance. 

Causes. — Catarrh, Influenza, Cold, or bronchial irrita- 
tion may, either of them, terminate in this disease if 
neglected, or from fresh exposure. A sudden transition 
from heat to cold ; change from a warm stable to a colder 
one; neglect of the usual blanketing, or even of other 
comforts; hard and long riding against a cold wind in 
snowy weather; loitering in an exposed, bleak place, when 
the horse is fatigued and warm, without covering. It 
sometimes occurs when horses are suddenly turned out to 
grass, or when they have been taken up and turned into 
a very warm stable. Injuries, contusion, rupture, or great 
violence done to the chest, is quite sure to be followed by 
Pleurisy. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 99 

Symptoms. — For conveniences sake, we will indicate the 
symptoms of these two branches of the disease separately. 
Pleurisy invariably commences with shaking all over, 
followed by a hot, dry mouth, white coated tongue, red 
nose and eyes, low spirits, want of appetite, anxious look, 
and hard, quick, wiry pulse. The act of drawing the air 
into the lungs is short, and stops, or is cut off at a certain 
point, at which time the pain is felt; the act of forcing 
the air from the lungs is full and slow. The pain is in- 
creased by coughing and taking full breath which the 
horse will do if suddenly moved or frightened. If the 
inflamed side is pressed upon, he gives forth a sound like 
a grunt; the cough is short; the horse remains standing; 
the skin on the inflamed side is thrown into folds, and 
twitches are occasionally seen at the same place. The 
painfulness of the spaces between the ribs when pressed 
upon, is quite characteristic, and cften exists to an intense 
degree. The horse shrinks from it with a low grunt, and 
tries to get away. The skin about the sides of the nostrils 
and at the ends of the mouth is wrinkled. The neck is 
lengthened, and nose thrust forward ; the horse stands in 
a crouching, manner, and seems uneasy, but does not 
move. As the disease advances, the pulse becomes more 
frequent, and afterwards smaller, until it can scarcely be 
felt; the breathing becomes quicker and more pp ; nful 
and catching, when the air is drawn into the lungs. Then 
by degrees, no catch is seen or grunt heard, the twitches 
are not observed, cold, clammy sweats break out over the 
body, the horse appears dull and stupid, and death closes 
the scene. 

The pleura, like all serous membranes, has a strong 
tendency to effusion, or exudation of fluid, during an 
inflammatory action, and in the course of the disease, 
this effusion, consisting of yellowish serum, is exuded, in 
quantities varying from a few ounces to a bucket full. It 
occurs in all severe cases, and the fluid either is again 
absorbed, if in small quantity, or is the immediate cause 
of death, if in very large quantity, or a lesser amount may 



100 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

remain for a long time, impeding respiration, and forming 
an empyema or dropsy of the chest. When it exists, the 
breathing is always labored, and there is oedema or tmnid 
swelling of some external part, generally the abdomen, 
chest, or point of the breast. 

By listening with the ear against the chest, the progress 
of the effusion may be traced from below upw 7 ard. Above 
it will be heard the loud crackling respiration and grating 
peculiar to the disease ; below, the dullness and stillness 
of the lung enveloped in fluid, the absence of sound, marks 
the line of the accumulated fluid, its increase and dimin- 
ution. 

In Pneumonia, the symptoms differ from Pleurisy, yet 
the difference manifests itself in this, that in Pleurisy there 
is more pain, and in Pneumonia more difficult breathing. 
Pneumonia is often a consequence of a cold, bronchitis, 
or the termination of some disease of the air-passages, and 
may begin with symptoms of a cold — rough coat, want of 
appetite, low spirits, etc. In other cases, it begins with a 
shivering chill; the legs, ears and skin are cold; the coat 
is rough; the nose pale and dry; quick pulse, which 
afterwards becomes frequent and full ; breathing at first 
quick, then panting and heaving; the skin now becomes 
hot, except the legs, which remain very cold. This is a 
characteristic symptom and will never deceive; the nose and 
eyes are red ; mouth hot and dry ; the eyes have a yellowish 
color, and the horse looks uneasy and restless. 

As the disease extends, the breathing becomes more 
difficult, and is attended with heaving of the flanks ; the 
nostrils are much widened ; the nose and head held out ; 
the neck lengthened; the fore-legs are fixed in one place, 
and spread apart; the nose and eyes have a dark blueish 
color; the face looks anxious and disturbed; the legs and 
ears are very cold; the legs seem fine, and the hair upon 
them glossy ; the cough is more frequent, hard and pain- 
ful; the horse seems drowsy; there is no appetite; the 
dang is hard and covered with slime, and the urine high- 
colored and scanty. 



DISEASES OP HORSES 101 

In the last stage, the pulse is small, weak, and can 
scarcely be felt, the breathing is quicker and more diffi- 
cult ; the breath is very hot ; the eyes and nose are lead- 
colored; the sidn is cold, and clammy sweat breaks out 
upon it here and there ; the mouth is cold ; the tongue is 
coated; the teeth are ground every now and then, and 
twitches are occasionally seen. The eyes become more 
and more heavy, glassy and dim; the strength becomes 
less and less ; the horse leans against the stall or manger, 
or wanders around; he staggers and falls; tries to rise, 
but cannot ; groans, struggles and dies. 

As an improvement takes place, the horse appears more 
natural, warmth returns to his extremities, his breathing 
is more free, pulse softer, fuller and less frequent, cough 
easier, and he lies down quietly, and without uneasiness. 
These good symptoms rarely or never deceive. 

Placing the ear against the ribs, upon various parts of 
the chest, we may learn Avith some practice to distinguish 
the progress of inflammation. In the healthy lung, the 
air passes in with a slight, rustling murmer, quite 
characteristic, and which, once heard, will always be 
recognized. As the lung becomes inflamed, ' 'crepitation" 
takes place and we hear a sound, slightly cracking, like 
that made by salt thrown into the fire, or by rubbing the 
hair between the fingers close to the ear. As by degrees 
the lung becomes more intensely inflamed, it is more and 
more impervious to the air, until it becomes "hepatized" 
or solid, and gives no sound, and no resonance when 
percussed, or struck upon. These changes are interesting, 
and afford to the practised ear clear indications of the 
state and progress of the disease. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of A. A., every two 
hours, for the first twenty-four hours. After that, give 
the E.E. , alternately with the A. A., at intervals of two 
or three hours between the doses. 

Continue this treatment steadily and uniformly by night 
as well as by day, if the attack is severe, giving no other 
medicine, and making no deviation. After a day or two, 



102 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

with the remission of the more violent symptoms, the A. A. 
may be omitted entirely, and only theE.E. given, as also 
after the disease has turned, and during convalescence. 
After the horse has commenced to improve, a dose of E.E. , 
every four hours during the day, will be sufficient. The 
treatment is the same whether symptoms of Pleurisy or 
Pneumonia predominate. 

Stabling and food as under Bronchitis. 

We should bear in mind that in all severe cases of this 
disease, resolution does not take place under four days, 
and if an improvement takes place in one, two or three 
days, we should be satisfied. Rare indeed will be the 
cases that do not terminate favorably under Humphreys' 
Homeopathic practice, carefully applied. 



CHAPTER VIII.— Part I. 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

Dentition or Difficult Teething 

The cutting or shedding of the teeth, and especially of 
the tushes, is sometimes attended with considerable dis- 
order of the body. The animal either will not eat his food, 
or he has pain and difficulty in chewing it ; the body grows 
thin; bowels are out of order; humors may break out in 
the skin, and there may be cough and slight fever present. 
The gum is hot, painful and swelled. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of A. A., three times per 
day. This soon relieves the feverish irritation, and the 
tooth usually makes its May quietly to the surface. 
Nicking the gum directly over the tooth in the form of a 
cross is sometimes beneficial. If teeth are very slow in 
coming, showing an evident deficiency of bony deposit, 
an oyster shell burned to lime, and broken or ground in 
his feed, will promote the growth and production of bone, 
and be of service. 

Diseased or Irregular Teeth 

Sometimes the teeth of a horse present irregularities. 
Some of the teeth are too long, or become ragged. As a 
consequence, the tongue or cheeks are wounded, and the 
horse eats imperfectly, has pain, drops or ''quids" his 
food. Whenever this condition is found, if the difficulty 
does not mend itself, the long teeth should be extracted 
if loose, or be filed down, and the points of the ragged 
teeth smoothed off. 

Decayed teeth produce similar symptoms. In addition, 
a bad smell exudes from the mouth; stringy saliva Mows 
away in large quantities, and the eyes may be inflamed. 
If allowed to remain, the fang may become diseased, the 
socket and gum inflame, an abscess form, and a portion 
of the jaw-bone may die. If in the upper jaw, the matter 



104 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

may burst into the nose and be discharged. It is of bad 
smell and color, and has been mistaken for nasal gleet 
and glanders. 

Examine carefully with the finger, and by feeling along 
the jaw, see if there is any swelling or indentation, or if 
there is any old stub or loosened tooth, a milk tooth that 
has been pushed one side, or down, or is loose, making 
the gum inflamed or painful and preventing the animal 
from properly eating his food. 11 so, remove the stub or 
loose tooth, or file off the ragged portion, so that the 
mouth may become sound and healthy. Sometimes a 
thick, unhealthy discharge from the nostrils has been 
mistaken for glanders, when the real difficulty was from 
diseased teeth. 

Treatment. — Draw out the diseased tooth, and give 
fifteen drops of A. A., each morning, and the same dose 
of CO., at night, for several days. 

Lampas 

Occasionally the bars of the mouth swell and rise to a 
level with, and even beyond, the teeth, occasioning sore- 
ness, pain, and difficulty of eating. It is most common 
in young horses, in connection with the cutting and 
shedding of teeth, from congestion and the extension of 
the inflammation of the gums during this process. It also 
occurs in old horses; for the growth of teeth in horses 
continues during life. Derangement of stomach, or 
worms, is sometimes connected with it. 
m Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of A. A., two or three 
times per day. This will soon relieve the irritation and 
swelling. Should there be any derangement of the digestive 
organs, a few doses of J. K., given morning and night, will 
promptly relieve not only the derangement of the stomach, 
but the Lampas also. 

Swelling or soreness of the gums will be promptly 
relieved by giving fifteen drops of J.K., daily, or even, 
morning and night. 

The searing of the bars with a hot iron, as is sometimes 
practiced by cruel and ignorant smith's, cannot be too 



DISEASES OF HORSES 105 

strongly condemned. It tortures the horse to no purpose, 
renders the mouth callous, and destroys the delicacy and 
sensibility of a part upon which all the pleasure of driving 
and riding consists, while it is totally unnecessary, 

Crib-Biting 

Much has been written about crib biting or wind suck- 
ing. It has sometimes been regarded as a vicious habit 
and at other times as connected with indigestion. How- 
ever, there is much better basis for believing it to be a 
bad habit than anything else. 

Horses that are worked regularly every day rarely 
develop it ; and it is only among horses which are only 
used occasionally, and which stand for long hours in the 
stall, that we find it. Also in a stable of the latter kind 
if one horse starts it the others soon follow his example. 

Treatment. — Many things have been tried, but the 
best results have been obtained by giving the horse 
plenty of regular work. If there is any disturbance of 
the digestive organs which has been occasioned by the 
wind sucking J.K. would be the proper remedy. 

Loss of Appetite 

Loss of appetite, or diminished appetite, is but a mere 
symptom of some more general affection. It is a symptom 
of almost every disease, and especially of every morbid 
condition of the digestive organs. There are cases, how- 
ever, in which this seems the most prominent symptom ; 
and the animal appears well in every other respect, save 
that he does not eat. The teeth should be examined, and, 
if needful, corrected. "We should see also if the throat is 
sore. In general, loss of appetite will be found connected 
with a morbid or unhealthy condition of the digestive 
organs, and will yield to a few doses of J.K. , fifteen drops, 
morning and night. This is also the appropriate remedy 
for defective appetite or the weakness which often remains 
after acute disease. 



106 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

111 Condition, Indigestion 

In consequence of over-feeding, bad food, suddenly 
changing the kind of food, working the horse too soon 
after eating too much food, or bad and uneven teeth, 
which prevent the horse from chewing his food well, the 
following condition presents itself: 

Symptoms. — The skin has the condition known as hide- 
bound; the horse sweats easily; he is weak, and cannot 
work so long or with so much spirit as in health ; he is 
thin and does not fatten; his tongue is foul; mouth 
slimy ; the dung is dry, mixed with undigested oats, or it 
is slimy or bad-smelling; the water is variable, scanty 
and thick, or clear and abundant, and there is a short, 
frequent cough. Sometimes he eats very greedily, and at 
others will eat nothing placed before him, or will take 
one kind of food and leave another, or he likes dirty straw 
or his bedding better than the best oats or hay, or, in 
some instances, his morbid appetite leads him to lick the 
wall or eat plaster from it. 

It is sometimes accompanied by dullness or dizziness 
(stomach staggers). 

Treatment. — Correct the feeding. Give not too much, 
and only that most acceptable at first. Give J.K., three 
times per day for a week, then J.K. morning and noon, 
and I.I., at night. 

Colic 

This is one of the most common diseases of the horse. 
The passage of food along the bowels is effected by the 
alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscular coat 
of the intestines. Hence it is easy to perceive that flatu- 
lent or irritating food, food in too large quantities, large 
quantities of green food that produce much gas, masses 
of hard, dry dung, or sudden chill upon the warm skin, 
all may produce irregular contraction of the intestines, 
and hence produce pain and colic. Tumors, worms and 
stones also produce the same result. 

Symptoms. — In colic the attack begins suddenly. The 
animal is uneasy ; shifts his position, paws or stamps the 



DISEASES OP HORSES 107 

ground, kicks his belly with his hind feet, looks frequently 
at his flanks, groans, falls upon the ground and rolls 
about violently, or lies on his back, in which posture he 
remains for a short time, seeming quiet and free from 
pain. Soon, however, the pain comes on again, even 
with symptoms of greater intensity than before. lie 
throws himself widely about, careless of the injuries he 
receives during these moments of agony and tossing. He 
grinds his teeth, bites the manger, and looks towards his 
flanks with a wild, anxious expression. If he improves, 
the paroxysms become less frequent and less violent, and 
free intervals longer, until entire relief ; or if worse, the 
pain becomes more and more intense, paroxysms more 
frequent, until there is no free intervals; inflammation 
results, the ears and legs become cold, pulse small and 
wiry, and the animal dies from the results of the inflam- 
mation. 

Many of the symptoms of colic are similar to those of 
inflammation of the bowels, and as the latter is by far 
the most formidable disease, we will endeavor to distin- 
guish them, so as to avoid mistake. 

The attack of colic is sudden, while that of inflam- 
mation is more gradual. In colic, the pulse is rarely 
quickened, and never so early in the disease, while in 
inflammation it is very quick and small even from the 
first. 

In colic, the legs and ears are of the natural tempera- 
ture. In inflammation, they are cold. In colic, there is 
relief from rubbing the bowels, and from motion. In 
Inflammation, the bowels are very tender, and motion 
vastly augments tlie pain. In colic, there are intervals 
of rest, while in inflammation there is constant pain. In 
colic, the strength is scarcely affected, while in inflam- 
mation there is great and rapidly increasing weakness. 

Attention to these peculiarities will enable one to 
distinguish between the two diseases, and to avoid error 
in the treatment. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of F.F., on the tongue, 
and repeat the dose every half, or even quarter of an hour, 



108 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

until relieved, omitting the medicine altogether, or giving 
it at longer intervals as soon as the amendment is per- 
ceived. We have in the F.F., a remedy which rarely 
fails to arrest this disease. 

If, at the commencement or during the progress of the 
disease, fever and inflammatory symptoms should also 
exist, then alternate the A. A., with the F.F., at the 
intervals mentioned. 

If the attack has clearly been occasioned by an over- 
feed, or by bad, heavy, indigestible food, it will be best 
to alternate the J.K., withF.F., at the intervals directed. 

The colic not unfrequently comes from the kidneys, 
which may be suspected by the horse making frequent 
attempts at staling, or his passing scanty, thick or bloody 
urine. In these cases, give fifteen drops of H.H., every 
half hour, alone or in alternation, with the A. A. 

Should there be suspicion that Bots or Worms are an 
exciting cause, the D.D., may be alternated with F.F., 
fifteen drops every half hour or hour. 

N. B. — In cases of colic the greatest danger and the 
worst possible fault is injudicious haste and giving too 
many and improper things. Thousands of horses are killed 
by the drugs given to cure colic where one dies of the 
disease itself. Give only Humphreys' Remedies, and at 
the intervals as directed, however urgent as the case may 
appear. Your success and safety are in following the 
directions implicitly. 

Tympanitis, Drum-Belly, or Wind-Colic 

This is merely a form of colic characterized by an 
enormous production of flatulence. The pain is sharper, 
the animal more furious and violent than in ordinary 
colic ; the belly on both sides is more or less swelled with 
wind ; there are rumbling noises and frequent discharges 
of wind. It is usually the result of eating or gorging 
with green, flatulent food. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of F.F. , every half 
hour, or even more frequently if the case is very urgent. 
It will soon be relieved. Afterwards, a few doses of J.K., 
fifteen drops morning and night, will be of benefit. 



DISEASES OP HORSES 109 

Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bowels, 
Red Colic 

There are two varieties of this disease, one in which 
the external coats of the intestines are inflamed, and 
attended with constipation, and the other, in which 
there is irritation of the internal mucous surface of the 
intestines, and attended with purging. 

The most frequent cause is sudden cold upon a warm, 
perspiring skin, or even a cold drink when very hot; 
over-fed horses, subjected to long and severe exercise, 
are most liable to it; stones and hard dung in the bowels; 
and especially colic badly treated, and drugged with all 
sorts of medicines, often terminates in Inflammation of 
the Bowels. 

The symptoms of this disease are very like those of 
colic, only in the latter disease there are intervals of rest, 
or cessation of pain, and there is little or no alteration of 
the pulse; whilst in inflammation of the bowels there is 
no abaiement of the pain, but the animal is continually 
lying down and rolling about, getting up and then drop- 
ing down suddenly. The pulse is very much quickened, 
small and hard; the artery appears like a cord, under 
the finger; the extremities are cold; the animal fre- 
quently turns his head toward the flanks ; the abdomen 
is hard and tender; as the disease advances, the breath- 
ing becomes accelerated, the eyes staring and wild, the 
pulse imperceptible at the jaw; a cold sweat breaks out 
over the whole body. This state continues for some 
time, when suddenly the animal appears to get better, he 
gets up, and stands quietly ; the eyes lose their lustre, the 
extremities become deadly cold, there is a tremulous 
agitation of the muscles, particularly the fore part of the 
body; after a short time, he begins to totter and stagger 
about, and soon falls down headlong, and dies. 

Symptoms*. — The disease begins, in most eases, with 
dullness, heavy eyes, staring coat, restlessness and mov- 
ing about from one place to another; the pulse and 



110 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

breathing are both quickened ; no appetite. Some cases 
begin with colic, others with shivering. The animal 
paws, kicks, and rolls about in the most violent manner 
at first ; often strains and tries to pass water, but either 
none or only a few drops come away; the pain is most 
intense, and does not cease for an instant, and is increased 
by pressure and moving about; the belly is hot, tucked 
up, and hard, unless there is wind in the bowels, when 
it will be more or less swelled; the bowels are very costive, 
though small, hard, dry masses may bo passed, except in 
cases where the internal surface, or mucous membrane, 
is the seat of disease, in which case small, purging, 
bloody stools are frequently passed ; the legs and ears are 
intensely cold ; the pulse small and hard; and sweat in 
the latter stages breaks out all over. Still further on, the 
pulse becomes smaller and weaker, until it can scarcely 
be felt; the breathing is quick, irregular, and attended 
with sighs; the skin is covered with a cold, clammy 
sweat ; the eyes seem to have lost their power of seeing, 
he becomes very weak; and trembles all over; convul- 
sions come on, and death soon follows. 

Consider carefully the distinctions between Colic and 
inflammation, as given under the article on Colic. 

Treatment. — As early as possible, give fifteen drops of 
A. A., and repeat the doses every half hour. After the 
animal is somewhat relieved, continue the medicine at 
longer intervals. If not better in two hours, the F.F. , 
may be alternated with the A. A., at the intervals men- 
tioned. This will be especially indicated if there should 
be frequent purging small stools, blood-stained or other- 
wise. After the inflammatory symptoms have subsided, 
give a dose or two of the J.K. 

N.B. — As constipation exists in inflammation of the 
bowels, many persons suppose it to be the cause of the 
disease, and resort to the most desperate means to remove 
it. This is all wrong. Remove the inflammation, and 
the bowels will then move of themselves, while the balls 
and cathartics administered during the inflammation will 
only increase the difficulty. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 



111 



Peritonitis, Inflammation of the Peritoneum 

The delicate membrane lining the abdominal cavity, 
and covering the parts within it, is termed the peritoneum, 
and is occasionally the subject of inflammation. 

It not unfrequently follows the gelding of the horse, 
especially if he is too soon afterwards turned out to grasp, 
or during cold and wet weather. Exposure to cold 
standing in draughts of air, or drinking cold water may 
produce it; and it follows a stab in the belly or a rupture 
of some of the viscera, and the flow of the contents into 
the abdomen. 

Symptoms.— A few days after cutting the colt, the yard 
and sheath will be found swelled and painful ; little or n<» 
matter flows from the cut; the animal is restless and 
uneasy; the body is painful when pressed against, and 
is swelled with watery fluid; the legs are cold; the bowels 
are bound; the skin is rough and dry; no food is eaten ; 
if loose, he rests his hind-quarters on the side of the stall ; 
the swelling in the breast, legs and sheath increases; the 
breathing becomes quick and painful; the pulse hard, 
quick, and by degrees small and weak. These gradually 
become worse, until the animal dies. 

There is a slow form of this disease, as follows: poor 
appetite; low spirits; uneasiness; occasional pawing the 
ground; looking at the belly and groaning; belly painful 
when pressed upon, and tucked up; quick breathing; 
small, weak pulse; bound bowels; awkward way of walk- 
ing with the hind legs; mouth dry; and bad smelling: 
body thin; coat staring and unthrifty; urine scanty; 
weakness. As the disease advances, the abdomen fills 
with a watery fluid, and the disease terminates asdropsy. 
Treatment.— From the commencement, the A. A., is 
the most important remedy, and may be given, fifteen 
drops, every two hours, during the more urgent sympfr >ms, 
and then at longer intervals for the acute form. 

If there should be purging, alternate the F.F. with tbe 
A. A., at intervals of two hours, and then less frequently 
as the disease improves. 



112 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

In the slow form of the disease, the alternate use of 
J.K. and F.F., four times per day, will be found most 
effectual in preventing a termination in dropsy, and in 
restoring the animal. 

Jaundice, Yellows, Diseased Liver 

Young horses rarely have diseased livers, but at the 
age of eight or nine years, the disease is more common, 
and, in some cases, quite suddenly, the covering of the 
liver gives way, and symptoms of fatal peritonitis appear. 

Symptoms. — Jaundice, or Yellows, is more frequent, 
and is marked thus: The animal is dull, sleepy, and 
unwilling to move; he eats little or nothing; the coat 
stares ; the urine is scanty ; the dung light-colored and in 
lumps. The nose, tongue, eyes and mouth become 
yellow, from the abundance of bile in the blood. The 
urine is very thick, dark colored and full of bile. The 
right side is painful when pressed against, and the horse 
looks towards it, he may be lame in the right fore-leg, or 
paw the ground with it. These symptoms may increase, 
and cough, quick breathing, and full, quick pulse, be 
added, which afterwards becomes quite weak and slow, 
and the legs very cold. He then becomes more and more 
dull, stupid and sleepy, staggers, falls to the ground, 
and dies. 

Treatment. — Rarely will anything more be required 
than the J.K., of which a dose of fifteen drops may be 
given, four times per day. 

Should there be heat, fever or inflammatory symptoms, 
a few doses of the A. A., will be proper, not merely for 
the heat and fever, but for the obstruction of the liver as 
well. In severe cases, these two remedies may be alter- 
nated with the most brilliant success, even when there is 
no fever apparent. Give fifteen drops every four hours, 
alternately, first A. A., next J.K., and so on. 

Costiveness, Bound Bowels 

This is usually a mere symptom of some other disease, 
upon the removal of which the costiveness disappears. 






DISEASES OF HORSES 118 

But sometimes, in consequence of dry food, deficient 
action of the liver, want of exercise, or a paralytic con- 
dition of the digestive organs, it may require attention. 

Treatment. — The animal should have regular exercise, 
green food or bran-mashes night and morning, with but 
little oats, or other heating or dry food. Give fifteen 
drops of J.K., night and morning, and the condition will 
soon be corrected. 

Bots and Worms 

Bots in the horse, like worms in the human system, 
have usually a great many sins to answer for, which are 
really chargeable elsewhere. It is a principle in the 
economy of nature, that one animal should feed upon or 
live within another, and hence every animal, and almost 
every organ, also, has its peculiar parasite or inhabitant. 
Such parasites are rarely injurious. In an unhealthy 
condition of the system, they may unduly accumulate, 
and occasion some inconvenience, but they rarely feed 
upon the surface to which they are attached, but only 
upon the contents of the organs in which they exist. 

The history of the bot, the most formidable of horse 
parasites, is as follows: Towards the close of autumn, the 
female gad-fly (octrus equi) fixes its eggs upon the hair 
of the horse's legs, by means of a sticky substance, 
exuded with the egg. By means of the horse's tongue 
and lips, these eggs are carried to the mouth, and so on 
down to the stomach, where the eggs, farther developed 
in the form of grubs, are attached, by means of their 
hooks, to the sides of the organ, while their heads remain 
floating in its fluids, upon which they feed. Having 
arrived at maturity, they are separated, pass along the 
intestines, and are expelled with the dung, after which 
they again burst their shell, and rise in the summer in 
the form of the gad-fly. 

Symptoms. — Some horses are supposed to suffer much 
from bots, while others, in the most perfect health, have 
an abundance of them. Often there are no symptoms to 
indicate their presence, but generally, the horse loses 



114 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 

flesh and strength, and can scarcely move about; he ha* 
turns of griping pains in the belly; eats and drinks 
greedily; the oats pass off undigested, and the dung has 
a bad smell. The only sure criterion of the existence of 
bots or worms is their presence, hanging about the anus, 
or mixed with the dung of the animal. 

There are also the long round worms, similar to the 
common earth worm, and the small pin-worm, half an 
inch or more in length, which show at the anus, an inch 
or more in length, which often causes itching and un- 
easiness at the anus. 

Treatment. — To eradicate worms or bots from the 
system, give fifteen drops of D.D. , each night and morn- 
ing, with regular and healthy feed, and the worm 
symptoms will soon disappear. 

For Colic or belly-ache, when supposed to be from 
bots, give fifteen drops of the D.D., alternately with the 
A. A., every half hour or hour, according to the urgency 
of the case. A few doses will usually relieve. 

In obstinate cases, when the Bots seem to be constitu- 
tional, give fifteen drops of theD.D., every morning, 
and the same of J.K., every night, and so continue until 
good health is established. 

Salivation — Slavering 

Many horses are subject to an increased flow of saliva 
from the mouth, constituting what is known as slavering 
or driveling from the mouth. The discharge is commonly, 
simply glairy slime, or at times — and especially on being 
driven or excited — a simple froth, dropping or being blown 
from the mouth. It may be caused by mercury if the 
horse has been dosed with the drug ; is often attributed to 
Lobelia or Indian tobacco, if the horse only would eat it 
— but is more commonly the result of swelled gums, 
irregular or deficient teeth, and irritated or inflamed 
salivary glands, the result of bad digestion. 

Treatment. — See that the teeth are in order, and give 
J.K., morning and night. 



CHAPTER IX.— Part I. 

DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND 
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 

Nephritis, Inflammation of the Kidneys 

The kidneys are not unfrequently the subject of inflam- 
mation in the horse. It may be induced by powerful or 
repeated diuretics, such as saltpetre, which is a most 
dangerous medicine, or from hard and long riding by a 
heavy rider, or heavy weights; or by leaping or being 
suddenly pulled up on his haunches, the inflammation 
being propagated from the lumbar muscles to the kidneys, 
or by exposure to cold and wet, by rain dripping upon 
his loins during exercise, and especially if these organs 
have been previously weakened. 

Symptoms. — The early symptoms are those of fever, the 
pulse full, hard and quickened, afterward becomes small 
and weak; the horse looks around anxiously at his 
flanks; stands with his hind legs wide apart; is unwilling 
to lie down; straddles as he walks; expresses pain in 
turning; the back is somewhat arched; he shrinks when 
the loins are pressed upon, and there is some degree of 
heat felt there. The urine is voided in small quantities; 
frequently is high-colored, and sometimes bloody; and 
there is frequent and often violent effort and straining, 
but the discharge is very small, sometimes suppressed. 

Treatment. — Give fifteen drops of H.H., and repeat 
every two hours. Should there be very high fever, great 
heat, etc., the A. A., may be alternated with it, giving 
fifteen drops every intermediate hour in urgent cases, l>ut 
in general the H.H., will be quite sufficient, and should 
be continued at prolonged intervals to entire recovery. 
But a few doses will be required to show us the great 
value and efficacy of the remedy. 



116 DISEASES OP THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 

Ostitis, Inflammation of the Bladder 

This disease is usually the result of giving diuretics, 
such as saltpetre, cantharides, or similar irritating medi- 
cines. It may also be the effect of a cold and exposure, 
or of a stone in the bladder, and the disease may occupy 
the neck of the bladder, or the organ itself. The symp- 
toms are similar to that of Inflammation of the Kidneys ; 
the horse makes frequent and painful attempts to stale, 
but passes only a few drops of water at a time. The 
bladder cannot retain the urine from its excessive irrita- 
bility, so that the attempt to void it is constantly going 
on. The urine may be clear, or mixed with mucus, or 
stained with blood. 

The Treatment is the same as for Inflammation of the 
Kidneys, the remedy for that disease, H.H., being given 
every two hours, in doses of fifteen drops, or less fre- 
quently, according to the urgency of the case. In some 
cases the A. A., may be given in alternation, as for 
Inflammation of the Kidneys; but in general, the remedy 
first mentioned H.H., will be found every way efficient 
and available. 

Hematuria, or Bloody Urine 

This is usually a mere symptom of some other disease. 
Blows, or a violent strain of the loins, some kinds of 
irritating plants, stones in the kidneys or bladder ; ulcer- 
ation of the bladder; Spanish flies given internally or 
administered as a blister — may either of them produce 
bloody urine as a symptom. 

The symptoms are : discharge of urine, mixed more or 
less with blood, or containing clots. When the blood is 
caused by some disease of the kidney, there is usually 
pain in walking, straddling of the hind legs, and an awk- 
ward way of walking. If the blood comes from the 
kidneys, it will be intimately mixed with the urine ; but 
if from the bladder, it will pass off with the last of the 
urine rather than the first. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 117 

Treatment. — Fifteen drops of the H.H., given three 
times per day, will generally promptly relieve. If de- 
pendent upon organic disease, more time may be required, 
but the remedy is the same. If it fails, give a large 
spoonful of Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, poured 
upon the tongue three times per day. 

Retention of Urine 

From holding the urine too long, cramp or spasm of 
the neck of the bladder, stone in the bladder, or other 
disease, which prevents the bladder contracting upon its 
contents, there may be retention, and the animal unable 
to void his urine. 

The symptoms are similar to those in colic, but 
characterized, however, by the horse putting himself in 
the attitude of staling, and straining with great force, as 
in the act of passing water, without any, or very little, 
being discharged. This symptom may be present in cases ■ 
of gripes or colic, the bladder acting in sympathy with 
the cramped intestine. All doubt may be removed by 
inserting the hand into the rectum, when the bladder, if 
full, will be found large, tense and full of water. 

This disease may be recognized by the animal frequently 
putting himself in a position to pass urine, but without 
succeeding, or at most only a few drops are voided ; there 
is also great restlessness, shifting from place to place, 
moaning, looking at the flanks, pawing with the fore-feet. 

Treatment. — A few doses, fifteen drops each, of the 
H.H., given at intervals of two hours, will usually 
relax the spasm and afford entire relief. 

AVhen it is the result of a stone in the bladder, the 
movements of the horse may for a time dislodge it, but 
an entire cure will only be effected by an operation, for 
which a veterinary surgeon must be consulted. 

Scanty Urine 

This is a mere symptom of some other disease, such as 
fever, inflammation, or other morbid condition, or it 



118 DISEASES OP THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 

may occur naturally, if there is diarrhea, loose bowels, or 
purging, and it always occurs in warm weather, when a 
horse is severely worked, from the large quantity of fluid 
exhaled from the skin and lungs. 

A few doses, fifteen drops each, of the H.H., will soon 
correct the condition, as far as the health of the animal 
requires. The J.K., for indigestion is likewise efficient. 

Diuresis, too Profuse Staling 

In consequence of bad food, such as kiln-dried oats, 
mow-burnt hay, or of such medicines as nitre, or other 
diuretics, a horse may have an excessive flow of urine. 

The symptoms are: The horse does not eat much, sweats 
easily, is soon tired, the bowels are costive, skin dry and 
coat rough, tongue white and there is great thirst. The 
water is quite clear and milky, passed often, and in large 
quantities. As the disease advances, the horse eats little, 
he gets thinner and weaker every day, breath often 
offensive ; the dung is hard, lumpy and covered with slime ; 
the hair stands on end, and the flow of urine becomes 
enormous. If not cured, death ensues. 

Treatment. — The food must be changed, and none but 
the best given. Change of food is always of service under 
such circumstances. 

Give fifteen drops of J.K., four times per day. This 
will often be efficient. 

Diabetes Meulitis, which is a rare disease in the horse 
should not be confounded with Diuresis, which is mani- 
fested by an increased flow of urine. In Diabetes Mellitis 
the water is clear or greenish, limpid, sweetish, and soon 
accompanied with great debility and loss of flesh, usually 
ending fatally. 

Parturition in Mares 

Rarely requires either manual or medicinal assistance. 
A dose of A. A., given in the earlier stages of labor often 
quiets the restlessness and allays the wandering pains, 
and this conduces to the greater regularity of the process. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 119 

If the labor becomes tedious or delays, a dose of G.G., 
repeated if necessary every two hours, will relax the 
parts and assist the expulsion pains. 

Self-Abuse, Seminal Emissions 

A very common habit among race horses if self-abuse. 
As soon as young horses are stabled, from idleness, over- 
excitement or urinary irritation, they may begin to 
masturbate, and it very often increases, impairing their 
strength, and rendering them worthless and uncertain 
foal-getters, or demanding castration. The phenomena 
are well-known and do not require a particular description. 

The common practice with horsemen or trainers is to 
put on them what is called a "net," an apron armed 
with sharp pointed tacks, so when the yard is protruded, 
the tacks prick him, and he draws it in. But many 
horsey with a little practice, become so expert that they 
can avoid striking the apron, and in most cases it seems 
rather to increase than diminish the habit. 

The usual Veterinary Surgeons advise camphor, which, 
if given is sufficiently large quantities to diminish the 
habit, will notably and permanently impair the vitality 
and vigor of the horse. 

Dr. Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies, by arresting 
and lessening the irritation and morbid desire, prevent the 
habit, and thus, reducing the morbid desire, promote and 
increase the natural vigor and development of the animal. 

Treatment.— Give fifteen drops of G.G., three times 
per day, or if urinary irritation is suspected use the H.H. 
instead. He should also have good food and plenty of 
regular exercise. If unable to give him exercise under 
saddle, he may, be turned into a large pasture with 
pregnant mares. 

Weak or Deficient Sexual Vigor; 
Impotence in Stallions 

It not unt'requently happens that stallions of even good 
form and breed, and not deficient from inherited weak- 



120 DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 

ness or vice become uncertain or partially unfitted for 
foal-getting. This must of necessity arise late in life 
from failing vitality, or deficient natural strength. But 
it not unfrequently happens as a result of too early severe 
use, a drain put upon the young at a time when nature 
was still building up and hardening tissue, and when the 
over-drain made upon the green and yet unhardened 
sire, was more than the nutrition could repair. And it is 
again liable to happen from excessive use during the 
healthy, vigorous age of life, and the more so, if coupled 
with insufficient proper nourishment. 

Any or all of these causes may render a stallion un- 
certain, and so diminish his value and the relative value 
of his services. It becomes important to know what 
treatment will restore the feeble and uncertain, and will 
preserve and arrest the decay, as well as restore these 
waning powers. 

In order to restore and invigorate the deficient or 
waning powers, and to sustain them under severe tax, 
or upon the decline life, the J.K., may be given in 
confidence that it will sustain, restore and keep in vigor 
the natural virile powers. 

In cases, with only some decline in vigor, a dose of 
fifteen drops of J.K., given two or three times per week 
is sufficient. When the want of vigor is more decided, a 
dose, two or even three times per day may be given. 

Failure to come in Heat — Sterility 

Failure to breed in the mare may occur in two different 
forms — first impotence, in which the mare fails to come in 
heat, and second, true sterility, in which, although she 
came in heat and was bred the service proved unfruitful. 

The first of these cases may be due to some malforma- 
tion of the sexual organs in which case it is incurable; 
but it is more often due to insufficient or over-feed, or 
lack of exercise, or over- work, or some depressing disease. 

Treatment. — Correct the exercise and feeding, and give 
G.G., every night for a week, or, if the case is urgent, a 



DISEASES OF HORSES 



121 



dose morning and night, and then a dose daily until the 
result is manifest. 

True Sterility may also be caused by malformations 
and be incurable, but is more often caused by other 
things such as a catarrhal condition of the vagina— 
Leucorrhea or too ardent heat, or insufficient food, or 
debility from disease. 

The Treatment for Leucorrhea or a catarrhal condition 
of the organs, which may be known by a constant or 
frequent discharge from the vagina, give G.G., each 
morning and J.K., at night, and continue this for several 
weeks, or until she is again served. 

In addition dissolve one cake of fresh compressed yeast 
in a pint of tepid water, then after a few hours, add 
another pint. Then wash the vagina well with soap and 
water and use the dissolved yeast as a douche, this should 
be done daily for several days. 

Where there is an excess of excitement, too ardent or 
too frequent, or even constant heat, give at first, H.H., a 
dose morning and night, for two or three weeks, then a 
dose or two of G.G., and the result will- usually be 
satisfactory. 

AVhere there is unthriftiness or want of good condition, 
correct the feeding and give G.G., morning and J.K., at 
night. 

Abortion 

Abortion or premature birth may occur from three 

different causes: 

1— Accidental Abortion. — Caused by a blow; strain; 
slipping on a wet floor, over-strain from pulling a heavy 

load, etc. 

2 Enzootic Abortion. — Due to some infectious disease 

of the mother. 

3— Contagious Abortion.— A distinct disease which 
causes the death and expulsion of the foetus or its 
expulsion in a feeble state prior to the normal period. 

Symptoms of Threatened Abortion.— In the first three 
months of pregnancy, the appearance of a bloody, watery 



122 DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 

or mucous discharge from the vagina. In the later 
months, uneasiness, swelling, heat and tenderness about 
the udder; secretion of milk; and straining as if in labor. 

Treatment of Threatened Abortion. — Give fifteen 
drops of G.G., every six hours, and the dose may be 
repeated two or three or more times should the threaten- 
ing symptoms continue after the first or even the second 
dose has expended its action. 

This interval should elapse between doses, as too rapid 
ones may even defeat the object, by over-excitement of 
the system, while a single dose often arrests an abortion 
if permitted to expand its action. 

After a mare has actually aborted, it is almost im- 
possible to tell whether it occurred from contagious 
abortion or from some other cause, so the safe thing to 
do is to act as if it had been contagious abortion. 

Treatment of Contagious Abortion. — The fetus and 
membranes should be burned. The premises occupied 
by the sick animal should be disinfected as follows: 
Remove all bedding and dirt possible and spray all 
available parts of barn with 3% formalin or 5% carbolic 
acid solution. Apply white wash containing 1 lb. chloride 
of lime to 3 gallons of whitewash, scatter quicklime on 
floor and gutters. 

The animal which has aborted should receive daily a 
vaginal irrigation of two gallons of warm water contain- 
ing 2% lysol until the vaginal discharge stops. The 
external parts about the vagina, including the hips and 
tail, should be washed thorougly with soap and water and 
then with the lysol solution as above, twice daily. This 
should also be done to all exposed pregnant animals in 
the herd, being careful not to use the same cloth, solu- 
tion, bucket or attendant for the well animals that was 
used for the sick one. 

Also give G.G., at intervals of six hours. 



CHAPTER X.— Part I. 

GENERAL DISEASES 

Rheumatism 

This is a far more common disease of the horse than 
has generally been supposed. It is quite common in old 
horses, and in younger ones that have been exposed or 
over- worked. Cold and damp, and exposure to draughts 
of cold air when heated, or during and after severe effort 
or work, are among the most common causes. 

Symptoms. — It usually begins with a shivering cnill, 
hot skin and mouth. The horse becomes lame and stiff 
all over, and several joints seem affected at once, so 
that he cannot move from the first, or else it soon becomes 
confined to one joint or leg; the joint or limb becomes 
very hot, swelled, and exceedingly painful; the pulse is 
quicker at one time than another, or stops now and then 
for a moment or two; the breathing is quick; sweats 
break out, and the animal becomes weak. When the 
disease attacks the fore legs, farriers call it "chest- 
founder' ' ; and when it attacks the loins, the back is 
raised and belly tucked up, and it is known as "loin- 
bound. ' ' Rheumatism not unfrequently shifts from one 
place to another, especially if the animal is exposed to 
wet and cold. 

Treatment. — If there should be considerable heat and 
fever, as is most commonly the case, give first AA., a 
dose of fifteen drops, every two or three hours, until the 
heat has been partially subdued, or until six doses has been 
given. Then alternate the B.B., with the A. A., every 
three or four hours, a dose of fifteen drops, until the 
animal is restored. If a limb or joint is painful, hot and 
swelled, bathe it in Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel 
night and morning, and a flannel bandage applied to the 



124 GENERAL DISEASES 

limb will also be of great, service, in addition to the 
internal medicines. 

If at any time a horse shows symptoms of stiffness or 
lameness, fifteen drops of B.B. , night and morning, will 
soon remove it. 



Chronic Rheumatism 

May be regarded as a continuance of an acute attack, 
or as is more frequent a recurrence of it, being generally 
milder in character and less painful. The general circu- 
lation, as indicated by the pulse and respiration, is not 
much affected, and the manifestation of the disease is 
usually confined to some form of lameness usually affect- 
ing one limb at a time. Suddenness of the attack and 
change of its locality are characteristic of the disease. 
Often after having been apparently cured it returns after 
an uncertain interval or appears in another locality. 
Limbs and tissues that have once suffered are more liable 
to a recurrence, and it may be generally assumed that 
when a horse has once had a siege of rheumatism and 
again has sudden lameness and pain, that it is a return 
of the old disorder. Bad weather, exposure, or over- 
work are the most frequent occasions of a recurrence of 
the attack. The lameness most frequently attacks one or 
the other leg, or there may be a general stiffness or 
lameness. Not unfrequently the lumbar or loin muscles 
become the principal seat of the disease and the term 
lumbago or loin-bound is applied to it; or when the 
muscles or fibrous tissues of the shoulder become affected, 
causing lameness of the forelegs, the animal is said to 
have chest founder. 

Treatment. — B.B. , is usually the best remedy. If 
there is fever, heat or some lameness, alternate A. A., and 
B.B., a dose every two hours. In old cases, and to 
eradicate the disease from the system, give B.B., morning 
and noon, and J.K., at night, not forgetting an occasional 
dose of H.H., to increase the action of the kidneys. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 125 

Fever — Swamp Fever — Blood Poisoning 

Fever is always a symptom of some other disease, never 
a disease of itself. An injury to any part of an animal, 
may, by sympathy, set up a fever in the rest of the body. 
However there are some cases where the fever is the 
most pronounced symptom, as in Swamp Fever and Septi- 
cemia or Blood Poisoning. 

Swamp Fever or infectious Anemia is an infectious 
disease attacking Horses and Mules. It is characterized 
by high fever and loss o^ flesh and strength, with intervals 
of comparative good health, with no fever and a voracious 
appetite and the animal apparently getting w T ell ; only to 
be succeeded by another attack of fever, etc. 

Treatment. — Since the disease can be readily caught 
by the other horses and mules, separate the sick from the 
well. Then give the A. A. and 1. 1., alternately in doses 
of fifteen drops, at intervals of two hours at first, and 
later at longer intervals as the animal improves. 

Blood Poisonixg or Septicemia is the poisoning of the 
blood by germs or their products. It occurs more or less in 
all infectious diseases, but particularly the infection caused 
by a wound. 

The symptoms are fever, rapid pulse, depression and 
weakness with sometimes chills. 

Treatment. — In all cases of Fever, the A. A., is the first 
and generally the only remedy required. Give fifteen 
drops at intervals of two or three hours, at first, and by 
degrees at longer intervals as the animal improves. 

Glanders and Farcy 

The disease is termed Glanders when it is principally 
confined to the head and nose, and called Farcy when 
manifesting itself in the lymphatics. 

Symptoms of Glanders. — Constant discharge from one 
or both nostrils, more frequently from one, and that the 
left; the discharge is at first thin and watery, afterward 
thick like the white of egg. It may continue in this way 
for some time, .or it soon becomes more mattery, sticky, 



126 GENERAL DISEASES 

then greenish or yellowish, or mixed with streaks of 
blood, and having a bad smell. Soon after this discharge 
is noticed, the glands under the jaw become painful and 
swollen, and one of them appears fixed to the jaw-bone. 
Then the membrane lining the inside of the nose has a 
yellowish or leaden color, which is considered character- 
istic of the disease; small bladders are noticed upon it, 
which afterward are changed to ulcers; these have sharp 
borders, and spread and deepen until the gristle and 
bones beneath become ulcerated. When ulcers appear 
upon the membrane of the nose, the constitution of the 
horse is evidently involved; he loses flesh; his belly is 
tucked up; coat unthrifty and the hair readily comes off; 
the appetite impaired; the strength fails; cough, more or 
less urgent, may be heard ; the lungs become filled with 
abscesses, wasting goes on, and the animal soon dies. 

Farcy. — Upon the face, lips and other portions of the 
body, but especially upon the legs, hard, painful and hot 
lumps are felt, which are called Farcy buds; they increase 
in size, with pain and heat, until the ulceration works 
through the skin and a thin discharge flows out. Between 
these lumps along the course of the lymphatics, hardened 
cords are felt; the groin, inside the thighs, and space 
between the fore legs and chest, become, from the tume- 
faction of these lymphatics, swelled and very painful ; the 
legs are swelled, together with the usual discharge of 
glanders. 

Treatment. — In suspected cases were the disease is not 
well developed or recognized give fifteen drops of the 
C.C., every two hours. 

N. B. — It should be remembered that a well marked 
case of glanders is highly contagious. Not only may the 
disease be communicated to other animals, but the 
glandered matter coming in contact with a cut, abraded 
or sore surface in the human subject, will be liable to 
result as a very severe, if not fatal, case of poisoning. 
Prudence demands that we should handle such animals 
with great caution, and a thoroughly glandered animal 



DISEASES OF HORSES 127 

had much better be killed at once than endanger other 
animals or the lives of human beings, and the more so as 
the chance of recovery in such a case is very remote. 

Inflammation of the Lymphatics, or Weed 

In some rare cases horses suffer from Inflammation of 
the Lymphatics, manifested by cord-like swellings along 
the course of these vessels. It may be brought on by 
sudden changes of food, cold and wet weather, sudden 
over- work after several days of rest, disordered stomach, 
standing in cold water, exposure to drafts of air etc. 

The Symptoms are as follows: The attack is usually 
sudden, beginning with a cold, shivering chill, followed 
by full, strong and quick pulse, accelerated breathing; 
hot, dry mouth, and general fever. The local manifesta- 
tion is on one of the hind legs, generally the left, or in 
rare instances, a fore leg may be affected. The leg is 
lifted from the ground, is hot and painful to the touch, 
and swells from above downward. The swelling increases 
rapidly, the leg becomes much larger than the other, the 
pain increases, and the leg is very sensitive to the touch. 
Several hard, round and very painful cord-like swellings 
may be felt on the inside of the leg; these end in small, 
hardish lumps, and are more painful than the cords. A 
watery fluid exudes from the skin, and may be seen in 
drops standing upon the hair. 

Treatment. — At the commencement, foment the limb 
for an hour, night and morning, w T ith hot water, and 
afterward apply Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel 
freely. The horse should have plenty of exercise, and 
in most cases may be ordered to his work, continuing the 
.medicine as hereinafter directed. Give, three times per 
day, fifteen drops of the A. A. After a few days, the 
J.K., maybe alternated with the former with advantage. 
But in general the A. A., will be entirely sufficient. 

Purpura Hemorrhagica 

Some rare cases of this disease have been observed in 
the horse. It consists essentially of a decomposition of 



128 GENERAL DISEASES 

the blood, and loss of power in the capillary vessels, as 
the result of which echymosed or black and blue spots 
appear on the surface, and upon the mucous membrane 
wherever it can be seen, hemorrhages occur from various 
parts of the body and are thrown off with the natural 
excretions. The inside of the nose is covered with purple 
spots, as also the inside of the lips. These spots vary in 
size, and are filled with dark-colored fluid blood, which 
exudes if they are punctured or scratched. There is 
diffused swelling over the system, showing itself at the 
eyelids, breast, flank, belly, quarters, and between the 
thighs, extending upward. It is attended with weakness 
and general prostration of the system, swelling and 
stiffening of the joints, and sloughing off of the mem- 
brane of the nose, or other parts. 

Treatment. — The A. A., will be found appropriate in 
all cases of this disease. Give a dose of fifteen drops 
three times per day. If there are hemorrhages from any 
organ, give half a gill of Humphreys' Marvel Witch 
Hazel three times per day, between doses of the A. A. 

Give common food of good quality, less oats and hay, 
but especially carrots and potatoes. The last are very 
serviceable in this disease. 

Big Jaw— Actinomycosis 

This disease is caused by the Ray fungus which is 
sometimes found on barley, oats, cactus, dried grass, etc., 
and which enters the body of the animal through cuts or 
wounds on the tongue, gums, etc. , and particularly with 
young animals at teething time. 

Symptoms. — These of course vary with the position of 
the wound, through which the fungus entered the body. 
If on the tongue, the tongue becomes swollen and very 
painful "wooden tongue." If around the teeth, the jaw 
becomes swollen and finally the growth breaks through 
the skin or into the mouth. If through the skin of the 
head or neck, large nodules appear, varying in size from 
a hazel nut to a man's fist. 



DISEASES OF HORSES 129 

Treatment. — The most successful treatment is by 
cutting out the nodules; this of course should be done 
by a Veterinary Surgeon. 

We advise calling a Veterinary Surgeon and having 
him perform the operation as soon as possible, as the 
disease is usually curable if properly handled and it can- 
not be transmitted to man or to the other animals. 

Azoturia 

This disease is somewhat common, and is often con- 
sidered a paralysis from this most frequently prominent 
symptom. But this condition is really due to imperfect 
action of the liver and kidneys in failing to eliminate only 
partially oxidized products and the transformation of 
albuminoids into urea — thus producing the train of 
symptoms constituting the disease. It mostly attacks 
animals out at grass, or those who have been for a time 
idle on good feed, and are then put to active exercise or 
work ; beans, peas, or other like foods are also liable to 
produce it. The autumn is its most frequent season of 
attack and mares seem to be more liable to it than 
geldings. 

Symptoms. — These come on suddenly and without pre- 
monitions of disease. The animal may be attacked in the 
stable after having been out for a short time, after a 
period of rest. In the milder cases there is only some 
lameness and muscular trembling of a particular limb, 
generally the hind ones, without apparent cause, and 
on examination there is a dusky brown color of the 
membrane of the eye and nose, and some tenderness of 
the ribs when struck ; the lameness may be such that the 
animal may be scarcely able to walk, or may even go 
down altogether. In other cases the horse is struck down 
at once from loss of motive power in the loins and hind 
legs after having been driven only a short time after an 
interval of rest. In other cases the attack is not so 
sudden, the animal becomes very restless, perspires freely, 
seems to be in violent ^pain, the flanks heave, the nostrils 
are dilated, the face pinched, the body trembles violently 



130 GENERAL DISEASES 

and shows a disposition to lie down, and very soon, if 
not already present, the characteristic symptoms appear. 
These are, tremors and violent spasmodic twitchings of the 
large muscles of the back, loins and hips, ending in con- 
tractions, with more or less loss of motive power. The 
body trembles violently, the limbs become weak so that 
they sway and bend, the animal walks crouchingly 
behind, and soon goes down unable to support himself, 
the urine discharged is high-colored, thick, and has a 
strong ammoniacal odor; the pulse varies from 60 to 80 
beats per minute, generally weak: though sometimes 
strong'; temperature from 102 to 104.5 Fahrenheit, or 
even higher. The bowels may be regular, and in mild 
attacks the appetite is not impaired. 

In severe cases the animal lies prostrate, plainly unable 
to rise, refuses to eat or drink, struggles violently in his 
attempts to raise himself, and coma (insensibility) may 
supervene; in such cases the conjunctive mucous mem- 
brane of the eyes is much congested. 

In very violent cases the animal is suddenly struck 
down, struggles violently for a few hours, becomes coma- 
tose and dies. 

In milder cases the severe symptoms abate, but the 
animal does not regain the use of its limbs, and though 
it may eat and remain perfectly conscious, is unable to 
rise and ultimately dies from some complication. 

In favorable cases the trembling, twitches and spasms 
abate, the urine becomes more natural, the power of 
movement returns, and in a few days the animal is con- 
valescent, often having for some time a swelling across 
the breast like a pad as a result of the dropsical infiltra- 
tion of this depending tissue. 

In other cases, the loss of power in certain muscles 
remains for a long time, and yet in other cases cerebral 
complications and death may ensue as a result of defective 
urinary secretion. 

Treatment. — Is much more favorable under our method 
than by the usual course. Give at first A. A., a dose 



DISEASES OP HORSES 131 

every hour for six or eight hours to relieve the vascular 
excitement and increase the action of the liver and 
kidneys, then give the J.K., in alternation with A. A., at 
intervals of two hours between doses. Continue these 
two Kemedies for say twenty-four hours, or even longer, 
and when the animal is easier, and more especially if the 
urine has not yet become more free and natural, interpose 
H.H., in alternation with J.K., at intervals of three or 
four hours between doses. 

Later on and for remaining complications, if such 
exist, give J.K., and II. H., two doses of each per day in 
alternation. 

Anthrax — Charbon 

This is an epizootic disease with quite an ancient 
history, mostly prevalent in the deltas, low grounds and 
river bottoms of our far Southern States. At times it 
prevails over certain sections, carrying off hundreds and 
even thousands of horses and mules, while other seasons 
are measurably free from its ravages. 

It is caused by a germ which enters the body through 
the mouth on food or water or through a cut in the skin. 
The anthrax germ is very difficult to destroy and a stable 
or pasture once infected will remain so for many years. 

Symptoms. — Usually for some hours before the disease 
is manifested externally, the I'.ffected animal will appear 
languid, the ears droop and sums of general depression 
may be noticed, followed by vertigo and colic, slight 
swellings soon make their appearance. These swellings 
are at first about the size of a walnut, or the end of one's 
finger or thumb, are round or slightly irregular in shape, 
but are always adherent to a pedicle at the base. They 
are painful and the parts around them are sensitive; 
when touched with the finger, a local shivering, like a 
sub-cutaneous beating is distinctly felt. They are 
variously located, but nearly always upon dependent 
parts, as under the neck and breast, between the front 
and bind legs, along the lower part of the cheat 



132 GENERA T. DISEASES 

and belly, and on the sheath and teats. The sheath in 
some animals is so enormously swelled as to interfere with 
urination. The swellings are rarely seen upon the back. 
Nearly all animals not treated, die in from twelve to 
thirty-six hours after the first symptoms are noted, the 
temperature rising to 105 before death. 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being in- 
curable, and generally fatal. Jn suspected cases, give 
A. A., every two hours, until the animal improves or the 
disease becomes thoroughly developed, in which latter 
case the animal should be killed at once. 

The carcass of the animal and everything connected 
with it should be burned, and the entire premises 
thoroughly disinfected as given under contagious abortion, 
page 122. 



-♦-♦-♦- 



For Every Living Animal 

In addition to the chapters on the Diseases of Horses, 
Sheep, Cattle, Dogs, Hogs and Poultry, Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies are used for every living animal. 

We have constant orders from Atlantic City from the 
owner of the Performing Seals. 

From Arkansas the owner of an. Alligator Farm is a 
persistent user. 

Harper Brothers published a book on Canary Birds, 
and the author refers to the use of our Remedies, all 
through the book. 

When the Belgian Hares were imported into this 
country, the Agricultural papers were full of the accounts 
of the use of Humphreys' Remedies. 

There is hardly a lover of Cats in the United States 
who does not use our Remedies. 

The dose can be graduated from five to fifteen drops, 
according to the size of the animal. 



part n 

Diseases of Cattle 



CHAPTER I 
GENERAL DISEASES 

Black Leg 

Black Leg affects cattle when from three months to 
two years old, younger or older than this they rarely 
have it. It comes from a well known germ, the Bacillus 
Chanvoei, which enters the system through a cut or 
scratch, such as produced by thorns, barbed wire, etc. 
The disease cannot be transmitted to man. 

Symptoms. — The chief characteristic of this disease is 
the swellings which may appear on any part of the body, 
except the tail or below the knee or hock. The thigh 
and shoulder are most commonly attacked. The swell- 
ings rapidly increase in number and may run together. 
They give a crackling sensation on pressure and are cool 
and without tenderness in the center. If opened in the 
center there is no pain and a frothy fluid comes out. 

There are also general symptoms as follows : the animal 
does not eat or chew the cud, loss of strength and general 
depression, high fever, lameness, stiffness and often 
dragging of one leg on account of the swellings. These 
symptoms increase as the disease progresses, the breath- 
ing becomes faster, the animal groans and may have 
attacks of colic. The animal almost always dies in from 
one and one-half to three days. 

Treatment. — The disease is incurable, and diseased 
animals should be killed at once, the bodies burned and 
the premises disinfected as given under Abortion, page 122. 
The healthy animals should be moved to another pasture 
and the infected pasture burned off the following winter, 
this destroys the germs in that pasture. 



134 GENERAL DISEASES 

Cattle may be rendered immune to Black Leg by 
vaccination. The vaccine with directions for its use is 
given away to stock owners by the Chief of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 

Foot and Mouth Disease — Eczema Epizootica 

Definition. — An acute, contagious fever, characterized 
by the formation of vesicles and ulcers, chiefly about the 
mouth and hoofs, etc. The eruptions appear on the 
mucous membrane of the mouth, on the fetlock, 
and in the cleft of the hoofs, and not unfrequently as a 
eruption on the udder. The disorder chiefly prevails 
among cattle and sheep, but under favoring circumstances, 
also attacks other domestic quadrupeds, and even man. 

Causes. — It appears as an epidemic, and spreads 
exclusively by contagion. The precise nature of the germ 
is unknown, but it is chiefly limited to the contents of the 
vesicles, the secretion of the ulcers, the saliva, the blood 
and the natural secretions and excretions, of the diseased 
animal ; and these convey the disease. The predisposing 
causes are exposure to cold, wet, currents of cold air, poor 
fodder, want of cleanliness and good housing; and any- 
thing that tends to lower the constitutional vitality. The 
activity of the virus is preserved for many months. The 
poison may be conveyed by the clothes of herdsmen and 
other persons, by manure, tools, fodder, by grass and 
ground previously trodden by diseased animals, and milk 
to sucking calves, indeed by almost anything. It finds 
its way into the system in various ways, not depending 
on any wound for admission. The communication to 
man is by drinking the milk of diseased cows. A second 
attack is rare. 

Symptoms. — After a period of incubation, lasting from 
three to six days, the animal is seized with a shivering 
fit, and appears dull and stupified. A vesicular eruption 
soon appears on the mouth, the hoofs, and the teats, 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 135 

Sucking calves have a similar eruption on the fauces and 
pharynx, with irritation of the whole alimentary canal, 
attended with inability to suck, and exhausting diarrhea. 
The eyes are then observed to be dim, watery, congested; 
the muzzle, ears and horns alternately hot and cold; 
shivering ensues; rumination is diminished; the milk is 
less in quantity, yellower and thicker than usual, and 
much deteriorated in quality; the bag swollen, tender, 
hot; the back arched; the coat staring and harsh; the 
pulse somewhat accelerated; the temperature moderately 
elevated, reaching 102°, or even 104°; the eruption in the 
mouth is first seen on the inner surface of the upper lip, 
the edge of the upper jaw where there are no teeth, on 
the tip and edges of the tongue, and is indicated by 
salivation, by pain and loss of power in taking and eat- 
ing food. The vesicles occur on the mucous membrane, 
singly or in patches, first as little red spots, then as 
whitish-yellow, slightly turbid blisters, about the size of 
a bean, at first transparent, but subsequently filled with 
a puriform fluid. These vesicles burst in about eighteen 
hours, discharge their fluid, leaving behind shallow 
ulcers, which often run together and then form deep and 
ragged ulcers. The lips, cheeks, tongue, and sometimes 
the Schneiderian membrane, are affected. The eruption 
on the feet is first seen around the coronet and in the 
interdigital space, especially of the hind legs; and the 
resulting vesicles burst quickly, because of the animal's 
movements. The animal evidently suffers intense pain, 
is lame or unable to stand, and moves reluctantly or 
cautiously ; the hoofs swell ; the vascular secreting mem- 
branes become inflamed; the hoofs are cast; the bones 
may become diseased; and serious mischief may ensue. 
The eruption on the udder turns to vesicles, as in the 
mouth, and, when the fluid dries or escapes, thin scales 
are formed. The teats are swollen and sore. In excep- 
tional cases, a vesicular eruption appears on the muzzle, 
the mucous membrane of the nostrils, the conjunctivae 
of the eyes, and the mucous membrane of the vagina. 



136 GENERAL DISEASES 

In favorable cases, the fever subsides about the fourth 
day, the eruption declines, the appetite returns, and in 
seven to fourteen days the animal recovers. But compli- 
cations are not uncommon. And in unfavorable cases 
the fever is high, the ulceration increases, the animal 
suffers from exhaustion, wasting, discharge of stringy, 
bloody mucous from the mouth, and of offensive matter 
from the nostrils ; the face is swollen, the breath foul, the 
respiration rapid and grunting; the pulse small, weak, 
rapid; the blood becomes impure; the belly and legs 
oedernatous ; the hoofs slough off; diarrhea supervenes, 
and death follows about the ninth or tenth day. An 
aggravation may occur in milch cows by the bursting of 
the vesicles when the teat is grasped in milking, for the 
fluid escapes, the sore bleeds and ulcer spreads; and 
though the sore be scabbed over between the milking 
times, the scab is then again pulled off. The consequence 
is that the cow, feeling intense pain and irritation, kicks, 
resents the milking, holds back the milk, and thus pre- 
vents the Stripping" of the udder. The effect of this 
may be an attack of inflammation of the udder, which 
may prove fatal, or may be' followed by induration and 
atrophy of the udder. Or abscesses may form in the 
udder, and sometimes large portions of it slough away, 
rendering the cow comparatively useless for milking 
purposes. Abortion is not uncommon. 

This disease may be easily mistaken for Stomatitis, 
cow pox or fowl of the foot. However in Stomatitis 
there is no eruption on the foot ; and in cow pox and fowl 
of the foot there is no eruption on the muzzle. 

Prognosis. — This is unfavorable — The United States 
Government and the Health Officers of the several States 
require all suspected cases of Foot and Mouth Disease to 
be quarantined, and upon the full development of the 
disease all animals infected, to be killed. Human beings 
are liable to become infected, great care should be exer- 
cised in handling diseased animals or their carcases. 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 1ST 

Rheumatism 

This disease is almost invariably the consequence of 
cold and wet, or chill after over-exertion. The symptoms 
are as follows: 

Dullness; loss of spirits; disinclination to move, and 
painful stiffness of the back or joints when moving; loss 
of appetite; pain in the back, manifested by the animal 
flinching when pressed upon; the joints, one or more, 
become affected, and the animal prefers to lie down, and 
cannot move without great pain and difficulty; the joints, 
or one or more of them, become swelled, and are also 
exceedingly hot and tender to the touch. In some cases, 
there is considerable heat and fever, in others, it is but 
slight. The complaint is quite liable to return from ex- 
posure, changes of weather, or even the wind blowing 
from a different quarter. The disease not unfrequently 
changes from one joint or limb to another. 

Treatment. — The B.B., is for all the usual forms of 
this disease, giving twenty droos, three or four times per 
day, in severe cases, and morning and night in the mild 
ones. 

When the disease is ushered in or attended with 
considerable heat and fever, either during its continuance, 
or from the first, the A. A., in doses of twenty drops, 
should be alternated with the B.B., at the intervals 
mentioned above. 

Lumbago 

This is merely a form of rheumatism, locating itself 
upon the muscles of the loins. It may be mistaken for 
some other or different disease, and hence its symptoms 
should be known. 

Symptoms. — After some exposure, especially to cold or 
wet, or a draft of air, the cow will suddenly become lame 
in one leg, without other signs to explain the nature of 
the attack. Another leg may then be affected, while the 
first one seems better or quite well. Some pain and heat 
may be discovered in one of the joints; and then the 



138 GENERAL DISEASES 

muscles of the back show more clearly the location of the 
disease; or from the first the disease may be referable to 
this point; the animal yields and flinches when they are 
pressed upon, in consequence of the pain; the beast is 
not able to walk, or does so very stiffly and awkwardly, 
in consequence of increased pain from movement. These 
attacks may continue for a time, disappear and return 
again, in consequence of new exposure. 

Treatment. — The B.B. should be given, a dose of 
twenty drops, three times per day, which follow with J.K. 

Ophthalmia, Inflammation of the Eye 

Diseased and inflamed eyes in cattle may sometimes 
occur as a result of congestion, or from inflammation or 
a cold, but in general from an injury, trie result of a blow 
of a whip, or stick, or from dirt or hay seed, or some 
similar substance irritating the eye. 

Symptoms. — The eyelids are swelled and closed; tears 
flow in abundance; the eye shrinks from the light when 
the lids are opened ; the white of the eye or conjunctiva 
is reddish or covered with red veins ; the haw is also red 
and swollen ; the eye itself is clouded and covered with a 
film. 

Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay seed, or 
other substances, and when found remove them. Bathe 
the eye with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, diluted 
half and half with soft water, morning and night, until 
the more violent symptoms are removed. Give, internally, 
fifteen drops of A. A. each morning and night. 

In long standing cases, a dose of 1. 1., repeated every 
few nights, will be found of great value, while the A. A. 
is given each morning. 

Fits, Convulsions, Epilepsy 

The symptoms of fits are pretty well known. Without 
any or A^ery trifling warning, the beast staggers and falls 
suddenly to the ground; he often bellows in the most 
a larming manner ; then every part of the body is violently 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 139 

convulsed; the tail is lashed; the teeth are ground; the 
mouth closed, and jaws fastened together ; the breathing 
is quick and attended with heaving at the flanks; frothy 
" saliva dribbles from the mouth, and the urine and dung 
are discharged involuntarily. In a few moments the 
convulsions become less severe, then cease, and the 
animal soon seems as well as if nothing had happened. 

Fits are most apt to attack young, A*igorous, well-fed 
cattle, or those that have been much exposed to the 
direct action of the sun. 

Treatment. — Little or nothing can be done during an 
attack; but as one is likely to be followed by another, 
the medicine should be given as soon as the attack is 
well over. 

Give, immediately after the attack, twenty drops of 
the A. A., and repeat the remedy morning and night for 
some days. 

If an animal is subject to these fits (epilepsy), return- 
ing at intervals of a few days or weeks, give, alternately, 
at intervals of six or eight days, twenty drops of A. A., 
and J.K., and continue these for some time. 

Foul in the Foot, Foot-rot 

Usually comes from standing on a filthy floor, but 
may follow an injury or tuberculosis. 

There is lameness and swelling of the pasterns, and 
heat, with evident pain ; matter then forms, and unless 
it is let out, it will extend in all directions under the 
foot, and appear at the coronet or top of the hoof; and 
from this long, narrow ulcers remain, and proud flesh 
springs up from the diseased places. 

Treatment. — Place animal in stall with clean dry 
bedding. Examine the foot carefully, and remove all 
foreign substances, dirt, etc., that may be found; then 
foment the foot with hot water, night and morning, and 
apply the Veterinary Oil, and wrap it up with a cloth 
to keep it clean; the hoof should be pared, and those 
parts of it cut away that may interfere with the escape of 
matter; all dead hoof must be removed. The sore must 
be examined, and if dark and unhealthy, the Oil and 
covering must be renewed from time to time until the 
dark matter sloughs off, After tin- ulcer looks clean, 



140 GENERAL DISEASES 

simply apply the Veterinaey Oil, over which a cloth 
must be kept wrapped around to prevent dirt lodging in 
the wound and causing fresh irritation. These may be 
renewed, if needful, until entire recovery. 
Give also the LI., each night, a dose of twenty drops. 

Mange 

Mange is a disease caused by parasites which live on 
the skin of the animal. These parasites are of three kinds : 
1. Burrowing mites or Sarcoptes. 2. Sucking mites or 
Dermatodectes. 3. Scale eating mites or Symbiotes. 
The first class can be seen only with a magnifying glass 
but the last two can be seen with the naked eye. 

Sarcoptic Mange is very rare in cattle; the dermato- 
dectic and symbiotic are the usual forms. 

Symptoms. — Great itching; so that the animal is con- 
tinually rubbing itself, the hair falls off, scabs or sores 
remain in patches particularly at the side3 and hollow of 
the neck and the root of the tail. 

Treatment. — Clip the hair around the sore places and 
soften scabs by applying oil or glycerine containing 5% 
of creolin or lysol. Then apply a thick lather of green 
soap and leave on over night. These applications are to 
soften and remove the scabs and prepare the skin for the 
real remedy. Of these there are many ; sulphur ointment 
(equal parts flowers of sulphur and lard) is an old standby 
or you can use a 2>% solution of creolin or lysol. This 
should be thoroughly rubbed into the skin by a brush and 
kept on for a week reapplying as it becomes rubbed off. 
Then wash off and reapply for another week. The reason 
for the second application is that while the first will kill 
off all the animals, there may be some eggs that are not 
killed and if only one application is made after it has 
been removed, the eggs may hatch out and the Mange 
come back. 

Hidebound 

This condition, in which the skin seems firm, hard and 
bound to the parts beneath, is due to some morbid con- 
dition of the system rather than to a disease of the skin 
itself. There is most frequently some derangement of 
the stomach, or some old standing organic disease. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 141 

Remove these, and the disease disappears, and the hide 
becomes soft and loose. 

Treatment. — Giving twenty-drops of J.K., morning 
and night, will generally remove the difficulty. 

If it fails after a fair trial, give the J.K., each night, 
and twenty drops of 1. 1., each morning. 

Anthrax 

Anthrax is a very contagious disease from which comes 
a well known germ, the bacillus anthracis, and which 
attacks almost all animals and man. The germ lives 
in the animal's body and also in rich moist soils, and is 
very difficult to eradicate. The germ enters the body by 
the mouth, in food or water, or through cuts in the skin. 

Symptoms. — There is sudden high fever (105 to 107) 
the pulse is very frequent (80 to a 100 or more) small and 
scarcely perceptible. The mucous membrane of the 
head becomes very red, the eyes red, swollen and filled 
with tears. The temperature of the body is unequally 
distributed, some parts hot, others cold. The animal 
does not eat or chew the cud. There is great depression, 
weakness, stupor and loss of sensation. There is tremb- 
ling over the body, particularly in the hind quarters, 
which may even "give way". Sometimes instead of 
stupor, there are attacks of fury, where the animal will 
bellow and dash itself against any object it may see. 

There may or may not be carbuncles, these are small 
swellings about the size of a walnut, which may appear 
on the head, chest, abdomen, etc., they are blue-black 
or dark red in color and are not usually painful. 

One of the most remarkable things about anthrax is its 
rapid course, most animals die in from 12 to 48 hours. 
After death the bodies do not get stiff and decay very 
rapidly . 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being incur- 
able, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, give A. A., 
every two hours, until the animal improves, or the 
disease becomes thorougly developed in which latter case 
the animal should be killed at once, the body burned, 



142 GENERAL DISEASES 

and the premises disinfected as given under contagious 
al>ortion, page 122. 

Big Jaw — Actinomycosis 

This disease is caused by the Ray fungus which is 
sometimes found on barley, oats, cactus, dried grass, etc., 
and which enters the body of the'animal through cuts or 
wounds on the tongue, gums, etc. , and particularly with 
young animals at teething time. 

Symptoms. — These of course vary with the position of 
the wound, through which the fungus entered the body. 
If on the tongue, the tongue becomes swollen and very 
painful "wooden tongue." If around the teeth, the jaw 
becomes swollen and finally the growth breaks through 
the skin or into the mouth. If through the skin of the 
head or neck, large nodules appear, varying in size from 
a hazel nut to a man's fist. 

Treatment. — The most successful treatment is by 
cutting out the nodules; this of course should be done 
by a Veterinary Surgeon. 

We advise calling a Veterinary Surgeon and having 
him perforin the operation as soon as possible, as the 
disease is usually curable if properly handled and it can- 
not be transmitted to man or to the other animals. 

Texas-Fever — Red Water — 
Black Water — Hemoglobinuria 

This disease is an infection of the blood by small 
animals called protozoa which are transmitted by the 
cattle tick. Only cattle get this disease although other 
animals may have plenty of ticks. 

The cattle tick spends part of its life on the animal and 
part on the ground. The females after having become 
pregnant, while on the cattle, drop to the ground and 
lay their eggs; when the eggs hatch, the young ticks 
crawl to the top of the blades of grass and attach them* 
selves to the cattle, 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 143 

There are two types of this disease, the acute and the 
chronic, the acute form usually attacks cattle in hot 
weather, while the chronic or mild form is more apt to 
be found in the fall. 

Symptoms. — In the acute form there is fever, great 
depression, loss of appetite, and the animal does not 
chew the cud. The animal lies down or stands with 
arched back. The most characteristic symptom is the 
color of the urine; this ranges from pink to black. 
Death takes place in from three to four days, generally 
preceded by a fall of temperature, or the fever may drop 
and the animal recover very slowly. In the chronic or 
mild type, there is fever, loss of appetite, the animal 
does not chew the cud and may become very thin; but 
usually the urine is not discolored. In this type of 
the disease the animals usually recover. 

You should be careful not to mistake Texas Fever for 
Anthrax or Black Leg. In Texas Fever the ticks are 
always found on the hide, and calves do not have it 
while all animals have Anthrax. The membranes are 
pale in Texas Fever, but very red in Anthrax. In Black 
Leg the animals are from six months to two years old, 
older or younger they do not have it; and of course 
there are the characteristic swellings. 

Tkkatment. — Prevention is usually more satisfactory 
than treatment after the disease has started. However 
as the disease is not transmitted to the other animals or 
to man, there is no reason for not trying to save the 
animal. Give A. A., twenty drops four times a day for 
two days, then alternate H.H., with the A. A. Remove 
all ticks and place in a tick free enclosure and give 
nourishing diet. 

Prevention. — For small numbers of animals in in- 
fested districts. 

Pick or brush the ticks from the animals three times 
per week particularly from belly, legs, tail and udder 
from June 1st to November 1st. 



144 GENERAL DISEASES 

Or smear the legs and sides of the cattle twice a week 
with Beaumont crude petroleum, or a mixture of 1 gallon 
each of cottonseed and kerosene oil (coal oil) containing 1 
pound of sulphur, these may be either brushed or 
sprayed on from June 1st to November 1st. 

For large numbers of animals write to the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, TJ. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C, and ask for Farmers Bulletin 
No. 152. 

To remove ticks from an infested pasture. 

1 . . Remove all animals on September 1st and allow no 
animals on the pasture until April 1st, or cultivate the 
pasture for a year, or burn it over in spring and fall, 
and allow no animals with ticks on it. 



Government Approvals 



Approval of Dr. Humphreys' Preparations has been 
bestowed by the Medical Authorities of different American 
Eepublics. Their introduction into France has been 
allowed by the French Government. They have been 
approved by the National Board of Health of the 
Argentine Republic and by the National Board of Health 
of the United States of Brazil. 

Many complete outfits of Humphreys' Veterinary 
Remedies have been furnished to the United States 
Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. 

Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies are constantly 
being supplied to the U. S. Naval Magazines, Iona 
Island, New York. 



Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Co. 

Cor. William and Ann Streets NEW YORK 



CHAPTER II.— Part II. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

Choryza, or Cold in the Head 

This very. common affection consists of an irritation, 
and sometimes inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the nose. It is usually caused by exposure to cold or 
wet, or too sudden changes of weather; it is sometimes 
the commencement of catarrh, and is most frequent 
during winter and early spring; or it may arise from the 
irritation of dust inhaled during a long journey. 

Symptoms. — In some cases of cold, the irritation is 
confined to the nose alone, and is then known as 
Choryza. It is manifested by a discharge from the ncse, 
first thin and watery, afterward becoming thicker, like 
matter, and corrosive, fretting the skin. 

If the disease extends along the air passages, bronchitis, 
or even inflammation of the lungs, results, manifested 
by the cough, fever and difficulty of breathing peculiar 
to these affections. 

Treatment. — For mere choryza or cold in the head, 
give twenty drops of C.C., morning and night. 

If symptoms of Fever, Bronchitis, or Pneumonia should 
be present, interpose a few doses of A. A., twenty drops, 
repeated every three or four hours, which will promptly 
relieve. Consult also what is said on Bronchitis or 
Pneumonia. 

Hoose, Catarrh, or Common Cold 

Differs from the Choryza, as the irritation involves the 
lining membrane of the entire air passages. It is most 
frequent in the changeable weather of spring and fall, 
when cattle are exposed to frequent alternations of 
temperature, or when too many cows are crowded 



146 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

together in a stable, rendering the air hot and impure. 
Young beasts and cows after calving are especially 
subject to hoose. 

Symptoms. — Dry nose, frequent cough, discharge from 
the nostrils, stiffness of the limbs, disinclination to move, 
purging, cold skin, and then hot; imperfect chewing of 
the cud, failing of milk, watery eyes, quick pulse and 
breathing. It is very frequent and very fatal in calves, 
and requires to be attended to promptly in all cases, or 
it will end in some more dangerous disease. 

Treatment. — During the earlier stage, with fever, 
heat, quick pulse and breathing, give the A. A., a dose 
of twenty drops, four times per day. 

Should cough and irritation remain, or not yield 
promptly to the A. A., give the E.E., the same dose, 
repeated four times daily ; or if fever yet continues, give 
the two Remedies in alternation, at intervals of three 
hours. 

For calves, give one-third or half as much as for grown 
cattle, according to age or size. 

Sore Throat or Pharyngitis 

The disease consists of inflammation, with consequent 
swelling and soreness of the top of the gullet or passage 
between the mouth and stomach. It arises from the 
same causes which produce colds, and sometimes assumes 
an epidemic and very fatal character, especially when the 
spring or fall is very cold and wet and the animals graze 
on damp, marshy grounds. It is usually accompanied 
with catarrh. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty of swallowing, so that solid food 
is partially chewed and then dropped from the mouth; 
fluids are gulped down, or partly return through the 
nostrils; or all food may be refused in consequence of the 
severe pain attending swallowing; the cud is not chewed; 
the throat and glands of the neck are swelled, hot and 
painful; the cough is frequent, hoarse, and indicates 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 147 

pain; the breathing becomes very difficult and labored, 
and the pulse full and quick. 

Treatment. — Give twenty drops of A. A., every three 
or four hours, until three doses have been given, then 
begin with the CO., and give every three hours of the 
0.0., in alternation with the A. A. As the animal im- 
proves and the fever and heat abate, the A. A., may be 
discontinued, and the CO., be used alone, at intervals 
of four or six hours. 

In all febrile diseases of cattle, it is of the utmost 
importance to house them in a warm, dry, comfortable 
stable, free from exposure, dampness, or cold drafts of 
air, especially in cold or moist weather. 

Cough 

Cough in the cow is rarely or never a disease of itself, 
but merely a symptom or attendant of some disease of 
the respiratory organs, such as Catarrh, Bronchitis, 
Pleurisy or Pneumonia, of which it is merely the indica- 
tion. Its symptomatic importance is such that it always 
deserves attention, and its cause should at once be care- 
fully investigated. In some case very grave alterations 
may be going on in the lungs, which w T ill escape notice if 
attention be not directed to it by means of the cough. 
Examine the animal carefully, ascertain the state of her 
pulse, breathing, appetite, secretion of milk, etc., and 
direct treatment for such disease as is found to be present. 

However, in the absence of any special indications, the 
E.E., should be given, a dose of twenty drops morning 
and night, which will generally relieve, and will not be 
out of place in any case. 

Bronchitis, or Inflammation of the 
Bronchial Tubes 

This disease is usually the result of exposure to cold 
and wet, or sudden changes of temperature; it is almost 
always preceded by a common cold, which has been 
neglected or over-looked. 



148 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS Of RESPIRATION 

Symptoms. — Cough, which becomes by degrees more 
painful, frequent and husky; the countenance becomes 
anxious and distressed; the breathing is quick, heaving 
and obstructed, in consequence of tough, tenacious 
phlegm; unwillingness to move; the breath is hot; the 
cough is increased by moving about, occurs in fits, and 
is wheezing in character; no food is eaten; the animal 
wastes; skin becomes dry, and is bound to the ribs; the 
coat stares and looks unthrifty. The animal may die 
from extension of the disease to the substance of the 
lungs. 

Treatment. — The earlier stages of this disease, or 
catarrh, should be treated at once, as directed under that 
heaS.. Then a dose or two of the remedy for that disease 
removes all danger. 

Remove the animal to a warm but well-ventilated 
stable, and feed on warm mashes and gruel. 

Give first, at intervals of two hours, two or three doses 
of A. A., twenty drops at a dose. This will allay the heat 
and fever to some extent. Then alternate, at intervals 
of three hours, the E.E., with the A. A., the same doses, 
and continue this treatment until restored, only that the 
medicine need not be given so frequently after improve- 
ment has progressed. 

Pleurisy 

This disease consists of an inflammation of the delicate 
membrane which lines the chest, and also is reflected 
over or covers the lungs. 

It is caused most frequently by exposure to cold, or 
from the extention of catarrh. Pleurisy rarely exists 
alone, but is almost invariably complicated with bron- 
chitis or pneumonia, or both. 

Symptoms. — The disease generally begins in the same 
manner as pneumonia, with dullness, loss of appetite, 
etc. The cough is attended with pain, and seems to be 
cut short, as if the animal tried to stop it ; the breathing 
is short, seemingly cut off and evidently painful during 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 149 

the passage of the air into the lungs, and is attended with 
a grunt during its expiration ; the sides are painful when 
pressed upon; the skin, at the angles of the mouth, is 
wrinkled ; the shoulders and upper part of the chest are 
in a constant quiver; the head is stretched out; the eyes 
are unusually bright; the tongue hangs out of the mouth, 
from which frothy slaver is continually flowing. The 
animal neither eats nor chews the cud ; she gets weaker 
and thinner every day, and all the symptoms become 
more and more severe until death ensues, often preceded 
by excessive purging. 

Treatment. — Give at first the A. A., a dose of twenty 
drops, every two hours, and continue this the first day 
and night if the case is severe. 

Then alternate the E.E., with the A. A., at intervals of 
two, three or four hours. 

Food and Stabling. — In all serious diseases of the air- 
passages, Bronchitis, Pleurisy, Pneumonia, etc., the 
animal should be placed in a dry, comfortable stable, 
not too close, and her food should consist of bran-mashes, 
boiled carrots or turnips, meal-gruel and hay tea. Good 
old hay may be given sparingly; straw and chaff not at 
all. When the appetite is returning, great care must be 
taken not to give too much food at once, for if the stomach 
is overloaded or crammed, disease is almost sure to return, 
and the animal to die in consequence. Give but very 
sparingly of food until the stomach has fully regained its 
former power of digestion. 

Pneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs 

This is an inflammation of the substance of the lungs, 
or lights, and is rarely unaccompanied with pleurisy or 
bronchitis. It is usually brought on by exposure to cold 
or sudden changes of temperature, or from the extension 
of a common cold. 

The Symptoms are as follows: The cow becomes dull, 
disinclined to move, and hangs her head ; the muzzle is 
dry; the mouth hot; the cough frequent and dry; the 



150 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

coat rough and staring; the horns, ears and feet are hot 
at one time and cold at another; the breathing is 
quickened and attended with heaving of the flanks; the 
pulse is full and quick; appetite is gone and chewing of 
the cud suspended. The thirst is great, bowels bound 
and dung dark colored ; the spine is tender when pressed 
upon ; the head projected forward and eyes staring ; tears 
flow down the face ; the teeth are ground ; a discharge 
flows from the nose, at first clear and watery, afterwards 
red and containing some blood; the breathing becomes 
quicker, more difficult, and labored as the disease 
advances; the cough comes on in fits; the nostrils are 
widened, and play to their utmost limit; the body is 
covered with sweat; the pulse becomes weaker and 
increased in frequency, and these symptoms increase in 
violence and become gradually worse until the animal 
dies. 

Treatment. — Give, the first twelve or twenty-four 
hours, the A. A., a dose of twenty drops, every two 
hours. 

After the fever and heat have been thus in a measure 
subdued, alternate the E.E. with the A. A., at intervals 
of three hours, giving as before, twenty drops at a dose. 

Continue this treatment steadily, except that, unless 
the case is very critical and urgent, the medicine need 
not to be kept up during the night, but a dose of the E.E. 
may be given, late in the night, and be permitted to act 
undisturbed until the morning; then go on as before. 

For food and stabling, consult the article on Pleurisy, 
page 149. 

Bronchitis from Worms 

Causes. — Calves and yearlings are particularly liable to 
the production of parasite worms, of the genus F Maria, 
in the bronchial tubes, which are sometimes choked up 
with them. They are from one to three inches long, of a 
silvery color, and generally invade cattle fed in low, 
marshy or woody pasture,, where there is little water, 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 151 

Symptoms.— Slight catarrh; cough, at first dry and 
husky, then short and paroxysmal ; accelerated breathing, 
with occasional grunting, and distress in the chest; quick 
pulse (100); thin nasal discharge; dullness; wasting. If 
these be not relieved, the animal becomes restless, 
manifests anxiety, breathes with rapidity, difficulty and 
grunting; the ears hang, the nostrils widen, the eyes are 
hollow; dyspnoea, debility, and atrophy end in death. 
Sometimes there is tolerable health, while the flesh all 
wastes away, and nothing is left but skin and bones. A 
post-mortem examination shows inflammation and thicken- 
ing of the bronchia and lungs, and accumulation of 
worms, rolled together with mucous in small balls. 

Treatment.— Where there is any doubt of the existence 
of worms, treat as for bronchitis. If disease is evidently 
from an accumulation of worms in the bronchial tubes, 
the inhalation of chloroform is recommended, repeated 
at lengthened intervals, according to the circumstances 
of the case. 

Tuberculosis- Consumption 

Definition. — This is a serious and almost always a 
chronic disease, characterized by the formation of tuber- 
cules in the lungs, glands, intestines, udder, etc., which, 
increasing in size and running together, at length 
suppurate, and form abscesses in the substance of those 
organs. 

Causes.— Tuberculosis is caused by the Bacillus Tuber- 
culosis which is transmitted to a healthy animal by 
water, fodder, dust, etc., which has come in contact with 
the nasal or uterine discharges of a diseased animal. 
However bad ventilation and poor nourished predispose 
to the disease. 

Symptoms. — Inward, feeble, painful, hoarse, gurgling 
cough, especially after exertion ; loss of appetite; irregu- 
larity of rumination; disturbance of digestion; ema- 
ciation; loss of hair, especially of the eye-brows; 
unthrifty appearance. 



152 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being incur- 
able, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, give A. A., 
and E.E. , every two hours, until the animal improves or 
the disease becomes thoroughly developed, in which 
latter case the animal should be killed at once. 

Accessory Treatment. — The animal should be housed 
in a stable that is comfortable and airy, but free from 
north and east winds, and kept apart from other cattle ; 
it should never be hurried, excited or alarmed ; the litter 
should be frequently changed and kept dry, and the 
skin frequently rubbed and curry-combed to stimulate 
its perspiratory action. 



PALO ALTO 



Humphreys' Veterinary Salesman crossed the conti- 
nent to visit Palo Alto, the stock farm of 

GOVERNOR STANFORD 

THE HOME OF 

SUNOL, ARION, PALO ALTO, &c. 

After presenting proper credentials and exhibiting 
the list of prominent stock owners using the Remedies, 
Mr. Reynolds, the superintendent, and Mr. Marvin, the 
trainer, consented to his treating Sunol (later owned by 
Robert Bonner, Esq.,) and Palo Alto for lameness. 

After thoroughly testing the Remedies on these and 
other cases, Mr. Stanford's Business Manager and 
Attorney, Mr. Lathrop, placed an order for Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies, probably the largest ever given 
for Veterinary Medicines alone. 



CHAPTER III.— Part II. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

Rumination 

Oxen and sheep belong to the class of animals known 
as Ruminants, which feed principally on the leaves and 
stalks of plants. The quantity of food which they take 
at a time is very considerable ; with a powerful prehensile 
tongue, they rapidly gather up into their mouths thick 
and long tufts of grass, which are only slightly masti- 
cated, and immediately swallowed. Four stomachs — so- 
called, although the fourth stomach is the true stomach, 
and the other three are appendages of the oesophagus — 
are employed in the process of digestion. The first — the 
paunch, or rumen — is by far the larger of the four, 
occupying three-fourths of the abdominal cavity. Its 
mucous membrane is rough with papillce or eminences, 
and protected with a dense scaly epithelium. The second 
is called the recticulum, or honey-comb bag, because the 
lining mucous membrane is so disposed in folds as to 
form hexagonal spaces; within these spaces the tubes of 
the glands may be seen. This bag is the smallest of the 
digestive organs, is connected with the anterior part of 
the paunch, with which it communicates freely, and to 
which, indeed, it may be regarded as dependent. The 
third cavity is the many plies, maniplus or omasum; the 
first name being given on account of the many plies or 
folds formed by the mucous membrane. These folds are 
of unequal breadth, the principal ones being separated 
by others, which gradually diminish in size. The surface 
is covered with papillce, the folds being flattened at the 



154 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

sides and somewhat pointed at the fore edges, forming 
ridges and furrows. The contents of the manyplies are 
always dry ; the food sometimes becomes compressed into 
thin cakes between the folds, and the epithelium mani- 
fests a tendency to peel off in shreds and adhere to the 
pulpy mass of food. The fourth cavity — the abomasum 
or rennet — is the true stomach, discharging the same 
functions as the stomachs of those animals that have 
only one such organ. It is considerably larger than 
either the second or third stomach, although less than 
the first; is lined with a thick villous coat, which is con- 
tracted into ridges and furrows, somewhat like the 
omasum, and secretes an acid, solvent juice, essential 
to the process of chymincation. The act of rumination 
calls into exercise the first three organs. The crushed 
food passes from the oesophagus to the rumen; there it 
remains for some time, subject to the action of heat, 
saliva, mucous and the secretion of the organ. The 
tougher the food the longer it is retained. From the 
rumen the food passes to the recticulum, where the 
operation of maceration, commenced in the first stomach, 
is continued, the operation being facilitated by a slow, 
churning movement characteristic of both organs. The 
recticulum also appears to be the special receptacle of the 
fluid that is swallowed, for this at once passes into it, 
without going into the first stomach. The precise nature 
of the action of the secretions is uncertain. It is supposed 
to be a fermentation; no doubt at all times a certain 
proportion of gas is evolved from the food, but excessive 
fermentation is indicative of disease (Hoove), and of 
rapid and dangerous chemical change in the contents of 
the rumen. The pulpy mass, to which the food has been 
reduced by the chemical change and churning movement 
of the first two digestive cavities, is now prepared for 
thorough mastication by the teeth, and for ultimate 
solution by the digestive fluids. This mastication is 
rumination, or "chewing the cud." The return of the 
food to the mouth for this operation is effected by the 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 155 

churning movement and by the contraction of the dia- 
phragm and abdominal muscles, which press upward 
against the rumen and recticulum. The act of regurgita- 
tion is very evident to an observer, who sees a large mass 
ascend from the paunch and distend the oesophagus with 
an eructating noise. At the moment that a mass of the 
food passes into the mouth, the accompanying liquid is 
swallowed into the first of the three stomachs, leaving 
the solid portion to be slowly ground by the teeth. The 
length of time thus taken varies with the toughness of 
the food. Young and very old animals take longer to 
chew the cud than healthy adults. When the food has 
been sufficiently comminuted it is again swallowed, some 
of it into the first two stomachs; but, by a peculiar 
mechanism of muscular contraction ; the passage into the 
first is so closed that the greater portion of it passes 
through the opening into the third stomach, from which 
it goes into the abomasum. The function of the omasum 
appears to be to regulate the descent of food into the 
abomasum, though some means of assimilation may take 
place between its many plies. The last stomach, as 
already stated, completes the process of digestion. 



Loss of the Cud 

This is a mere symptom which accompanies many 
diseases, and even morbid conditions, which scarcely 
deserve the name of disease, and will yield with the 
removal of the ailment of which it is a mere symptom. 
Sometimes it may be present when nothing else is 
sufficiently tangible to warrant treatment, or it may 
continue after the disease otherwise seems to have been 
removed. 

Treatment. — In any case in which it appears to exist 
independently, or to be the principal symptom, give 
twenty dropa of the J.K., morning and night, The 
•'end" will soon return, 



156 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

Colic 

This disease is not so dangerous as tympanitis, yet it 
may prove fatal from bad treatment or neglect. It is 
generally the result of improper or indigestible food, or 
food in too great quantity, or that to which the animal 
is not accustomed. If colic comes on after indigestible 
food, it is accompanied by constipation and thirst. 
Certain kinds of food, such as grains, oats, decayed 
turnips or cabbages, or dry food, are liable to induce it, 
or it may arise from exposure to cold when the body is 
warm, or from cold drinking when the body is heated. 

It consists in severe paroxysms of pain in the bowels, 
and, if neglected, is liable to cause inflammatory disease 
of the digestive organs. 

Symptoms. — Sudden manifestation of pain in the belly, 
by uneasiness, pawing the ground, striking the belly 
with the hind legs or horns, often lying down and then 
rising, grinding the teeth, and moaning. When caused 
by wind, the belly is much swelled on the left side, and 
there is frequent passage of flatus. The animal's back 
is arched, and she frequently looks at her flanks, scrapes 
with her fore feet, and kicks with the hind ones. All 
these symptoms increase, until she expires amid groans 
and grinding of the teeth. Or the following may be 
noticed : 

The animal refuses to eat, looks to its sides, paws the 
ground, kicks against the body with the hind feet, lies 
down, rises again, and continues these movements till 
unable longer to keep upon its feet. Often the animal 
falls down so violently that it seems as though the four 
legs were suddenly struck away from under it, or he 
squats down like a dog upon his hind quarters, rolls over, 
lies upon his back for a time, with the legs stretched 
upward, and generally acts as if frantic. The horns, 
ears and feet are alternately hot and cold. The animal 
suffers from thirst and constipation, the longer the con- 
stipation the more acute the pain; the paunch is much 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 157 

swollen. If recovery takes place, the symptoms are 
gradually mitigated, and*- then entirely disappear. On 
the other hand, if the pains get worse and become more 
frequent, the bowels become inflamed, and if the pains, 
under these circumstances, suddenly disappear, the 
inflammation terminates in gangrene (mortification), and 
the animal dies. 

Treatment. — TheF.F., will almost invariably be found 
successful. Give a dose of twenty drops every half-hour 
until relieved. If not better after a few doses, and should 
there be fever, alternate the A. A., the same dose, with 
the F.F., at the same intervals. As the animal seems 
relieved, or partially so, give the remedies at longer 
intervals. 

Constipation 

This is rarely of grave consequence in cattle, and when 
it exists, is usually a symptom of some other disease. 
When present, a dose of twenty drops of the J. K. , given 
morning and night, will soon set all right again. If 
there is suspicion of some inflammatory condition lurk- 
ing in the system, the A. A., in like doses, will have the 
like effect. 

Tympanitis — Hoove — Blown — Drum- 
Belly — Grain-Sick — Heaving of 
the Flanks — Maw-Bound 

This disorder — of very frequent occurrence among 
cattle, though not belonging exclusively to them — is of 
two kinds ; one due to the evolution of gas from the food 
taken, the other to the impaction of the food. In one 
case the gas produces enormous inflation of the rumen, 
or first of the four stomachs possessed by cattle, in the 
other distension. 

Diagnosis. — To Mr. Surmon we are indebted for the 
following table of 



158 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DISTENSION FROM GAS AND FOOD 



DISTENTION FROM 
GAS 



DISTENSION FROM IM- 
PACTED FOOD 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels soft, elastic and 
yielding to the fingers. On 
percussion, sounds hollow 
and drum-like. 

Frequent belching; the 
wind which escapes has an 
offensive smell. 

Respiration quick, short 
and puffing. 

Position standing; head 
stretched forward, unable 
to move; moans, and ap- 
pears in great distress ; eyes 
red and staring. 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels solid; does not 
yield readily to the fin- 
gers. On percussion, or on 
being struck, sounds dull. 

No belching or eructa- 
tion of wind. 

Respiration not much in- 
terfered with. 

Position lying down, and 
is with difficulty induced 
to move ; looking dull and 
listless. 



Causes. — When cattle, especially such as have had 
poor and scanty food, are turned into a rich pasture, or 
stray into the fields of lucern, etc., they will often eat 
ravenously, and take more than they can digest. Wet 
grass in warm weather, or fodder that has become heated 
in consequence of being heaped together while damp, 
may also be too freely eaten. The consequence is that 
the rumen is overloaded, and the contents, under the 
influence of warmth and moisture, ferment and evolve 
what is at first carburetted hydrogen ; and subsequently 
sulphuretted hydrogen; or, if there be no formation of 
gas, the food remains solid and undigested. Drinking 
excessively of cold water, eating too much bran, chafl', 
unboiled potatoes, uncrushed oats, grains, boiled roots 
or turnips, may cause the same condition. 

Symptoms. — These may appear suddenly, but always 
soon after the animal has been feeding generally on 
returning from the field; they may, however, occur ia 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 159 

the stable. The animal ceases to eat or ruminate, is 
swollen or "blown" over the whole belly, but particularly 
at the flanks or left side, where the distended stomach 
lies. The rumen is enormously swollen, the pillars of 
the oesophagus are tightly closed, thus preventing the 
escape of gas ; and the greater the distention the firmer 
is the closure of the oesophagus. The swelling yields 
when pressed by the finger, and gives forth a hollow 
sound, like that from a drum when it is struck. There 
are also sour and noisy belchings of wind ; the cow does 
not move, moans, and is evidently in great distress. 
The distended rumen presses on the diaphragm and 
impedes the action of the heart and lungs, causing short- 
ness and difficulty of breathing; the nostrils are widely 
dilated, and there is a threatening of suffocation. As 
the disease advances, the pulse becomes hard, full, and 
quicker than before; the eyes are bloodshot, glazed, 
fixed and prominent; the mouth is hot and full to 
dripping of frothy slaver; the tongue hangs out; the 
veins of the neck and chest are distended with blood; 
the poor beast crouches, with its back bent up; the legs 
are drawn under the body; the tail is curved upward; 
the anus, which is closed, protrudes. The body is now 
covered with cold sweat ; the animal stands in one place, 
continually moans or grunts, trembles, totters, falls, 
struggles violently, ejects from mouth and nose sour 
fluid mixed with solid food, and at length sinks and dies, 
either from suffbcation or rupture of the stomach. 

Treatment. - This is the same whether the distention 
is from gas or impacted food. F.F. may be given a dose 
every quarter or half hour. We give the method of 
puncturing, which, however, need never be resorted to 
if the F.F. be administered. 

Puncturing. — Relief is sometimes very urgently required, 
and this is best afforded either by plunging a trocar into 
the left side, or by passing a probang down the oesophagus 
into the paunch. If the trocar is used, let the canula of 
the instrument be ten or twelve inches long, so as to 
prevent the paunch from slipping away from the canula 



160 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

and causing delay, and perhaps further danger. Chloride 
of Lime is valuable after the animal is somewhat relieved 
by the use of the trocar; about two drachms should be 
mixed with a quart of water. In case of immediate relief 
being imperative, and a trocar not being at hand, a long, 
sharp-pointed pen-knife may be used for puncturing. 
The place for puncturing is midway between the hip and 
ribs, where the distended rumen is prominent; the 
direction is inward and downward. The puncture will 
be followed by an outrush of gas, fluid, and even portions 
of food. A quill, or some other tube, must be ready to be 
inserted in the hole immediately after the knife is with- 
drawn, otherwise the wound will close. If nothing 
tubular be at hand, a smooth piece of stick must be put 
in, or anything else that w T ill serve the purpose of keeping 
open the wound till the gas has escaped. The danger of 
this operation is not from the wound itself, but from the 
escape of the contents of the paunch into the abdomen, 
which would cause peritonitis, or from piercing the 
spleen or kidney. The operation can only be regarded 
as a rough one, to be adopted in case of great emergency. 

When distension has ceased and matters have to some 
extent resumed their ordinary course, the animal should 
remain some hours without food or water. The food 
afterwards should be sparing and suitable. 

J.K., should be administered two or three times daily 
until the animal is fully recovered. 

Diarrhea, Scouring 

Diarrhea is more common in old cattle and calves 
than in those of middle age, where it is generally of little 
importance, soon correcting itself, especially in the spring, 
when herds are first turned into green fields. The usual 
causes are : decayed cabbages, bad grains, or other im- 
proper food, or impure water; sudden change to rich 
pastures; the use of purgative medicines; exposure to 
cold and wet, acrid bile, sudden change from dry to wet 
weather, or severe exertion in hot, dry weather 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 16l 

Symptoms.— The disease conies on slowly, with staring 
coat, shaking, arched back, fore legs drawn together, 
cold legs, ears and horns, weak pulse, tucked-up belly, 
bowels rather looser than usual, deficient appetite. The 
animal becomes thinner, more depressed and dull; little 
or no milk is given, and the bowels are purged to an * 
alarming extent. This purging may stop and then re- 
appear to end fatally, or terminate in dysentery. 

Treatment. — We should, of course, give food not bo 
loosening in its character and the F.F., a dose of twenty 
drops two or three times per day, will usually be found 
quite sufficient. In extreme cases, or in case of failure 
with this remedy, the I.I., may be alternated with it, 
at the same or even more frequent intervals. 

Diarrhea or Cholera or "Skitt" 
in Young Calves 

Is quite common, and not unfrequently dangerous. In 
its more dangerous form it appears the first or second 
day, and it is then presumably caused by the feverish or 
unhealthy condition of the mother's milk. In its natural 
condition, this first milk is laxative and intended to act 
as a removal of the first passages in the new born calf. 

When the milk is very rich in butter, as in the Jersey 
cattle, it becomes excessively laxative, especially during 
the period of the milk fever, or the first three days after 
calving. The passages are noticed to be very frequent, 
loose, liquid, or even watery, with weakness and rapid 
wasting; the legs and ears become cold, and, in extreme 
cases, short breath and panting with the tongue out. 

Treatment. — The dam should always have a dose of 
A. A., soon after calving, and this should be continued, 
a dose at least three times per day for four days, or until 
the usual danger from milk fever is passed. 

If, however, the dam has had no treatment, give her 
a dose alternately of the A. A., and of the F.F., at 
intervals of three hours, to change the feverish or un- 
healthy nature of the milk, as well as to give the calf 
the Remedy through the mother's milk. 



162 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

Give also to the calf a dose of tive drops of F.F., once 
in three hours if the case is urgent, or three times per 
day if but slight, and gradually omit as the calf improves. 
If the F.F., fails, give 1. 1., a dose every fifteen minutes 
or half hour at first until relieved, then once in three 
hours. 

Dysentery — Johnes Disease 

This is a disease which has existed on certain farms 
for years without either the owners or Veterinarians 
knowing what it was, and it is only within the last few 
years that we have known that it was caused by a 
definite disease germ. 

Symptoms. — This disease usually attacks whole herds 
rather than individual animals. At first there is loss of 
condition and weight with rough coat and dry skin, 
then diarrhea is noticed, the discharges being brown and 
like molasses. There is no fever, but the animal has 
little appetite and keeps getting thinner and weaker all 
the time until it finally dies from exhaustion. The 
course of the disease is long — from two months to three 
years — and is always fatal. 

Treatment. — In suspected cases give F.F., twenty 
drops every three hours, until the animal improves or 
the disease becomes thoroughly developed in which latter 
case the animal should be killed at once, and the place 
disinfected as given under abortion on page 122. 

Stomatitis 

This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of 
the lips, cheeks and gums and occasionally also of the 
palate and tongue. It may occur as one of the symptoms 
of a disease of the digestive organs or general disease; or 
may be caused by thorns, sharp teeth, rough food, 
poisonous plants, mercury, fungi, etc. 

Symptoms. — The membrane of the mouth is red and 
inflamed and the animal does not eat because of the pain 
in chewing. In some forms of this disease there are also 
swellings and tenderness about the pasterns and cracks 
and scars on the udder and teats, which makes the dis- 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 163 

ease look very much like foot and mouth disease. How- 
ever in foot and mouth disease, the whole herd and 
also hogs and sheep are attacked, while with stomatitis 
only a few cattle are affected. 

Treatment. — GiveC.C, in the morning, and LI., at 
night, also wash the mouth with Humphreys' Marvel 
Witch Hazel and water half and half. Give plenty of 
clean pure water, and only soft or liquid food, such as 
gruels, mashes, etc. 

There is also a form of this disease which attacks 
calves (calf diphtheria ) usually under six weeks old. The 
mouth is covered with yellow-gray patches and there is 
high fever, swelled glands about the throat, and great 
weakness. The treatment is the same as given above, 
except that as the disease is contagious, the calf must be 
separated from the other animals and everything that it 
has come in contact with disinfected. 

Boulimia — Excessive Appetite 

An unusual increase of appetite is a symptom of a 
morbid state of the constitution. Though the animal 
eats largely, greedily, and even shows a disposition for 
uncommon food, which he takes gluttonously, he may 
become more and more emaciated. Suitable food should 
be given ; at the same time it should be fresh, and not in 
excessive quantities, although there is a desire for it. 
Fresh, cold water should also be given. 

Impaction of the Omasum 
Fardel Bound — Dry Murrain 

The first three stomachs of ruminants do not secrete 
fluids and are dependent for their action on saliva and 
swallowed liquids. Hence if an animal has not had 
sufficient water or a fever has dried up the saliva, the 
food may become dry and caked in the folds of the third 
stomach. 

Symptoms. — There is loss of end and appetite, the 
right flank is full and hard on pressure. In slight cases 
the animal may remain standing, but usually is lying on 
the left side with nose against the right flank. There is 



164 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

constipation alternating with diarrhea. The legs and 
horns are cold and the coat "hide bound." These are 
the usual symptoms, but sometimes the animal becomes 
frantic, and rising rushes blindly about often doing 
itself considerable damage. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., and J.K., alternately every 
two hours. In addition to this give a plentiful supply of 
liquids, such as linseed tea, 2 to 3 buckets daily; also 
enemas of warm water with a little salt are often helpful. 
During convalescence the diet should consist of sloppy 
food with plenty of water and salt. 

Irregular Teeth 

May be looked for if an animal presents the following 
symptoms: The beast becoming thinner gradually, and 
eating less food than usual; slaver dribbling from the 
mouth along with half-chewed food, especially while the 
Cow is cudding; she is "hoven" or bloated at different 
times; a bad smell comes from the mouth, arising from 
ulceration of the side of the cheek, caused by irregular 
teeth. 

Treatment. — The mouth must be carefully examined, 
and all long or irregular teeth must be shortened and 
smoothed by means of the tooth-rasp. 

Gastritis — Gastro-Enteritis — Inflammation 
of the Stomach 

Definition. — Gastritis is inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the abomasum, extending, generally, into 
the duodenum (gastro-enteritis). It is not of unfrequent 
occurence, and usually accompanies enteritis. (See next 
section). It is a very dangerous disease, and frequently 
terminates fatally. 

Causes. — They are the same as those of enteritis — im- 
proper food, musty hay, acrid plants, impure water, etc. 

Symptoms. — The beast is heavy, dejected, restless, 
scrapes the ground with the fore feet, strikes the belly 
with the hind feet, grinds the teeth, looks around at its 
flanks and belly, groans, lows; the look is sad, the eyes 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 165 

red ; the ears, horns and feet cold ; the muzzle dry ; the 
abdomen somewhat swollen and extremely tender ; there 
is diarrhea and vomiting, and cessation or deterioration 
of milk, which, when drawn, is thin, yellowish, stringy, 
and irritates the udder; sometimes it is reddish and 
offensive. Spasms and colic are occasionally so intense as 
to make the animal furious. M. Gelle has observed that 
the most constant symptoms of gastritis are: loss of 
appitite, arrest of rumination, and abnormal condition 
of the tongue. If the inflammation be intense, the 
tongue appears to be contracted, straighter and more 
rounded than usual, red at the point and along the 
edges, and the papillae are elevated and injected. In 
some intense cases, when several of the viscera are in- 
volved, the tongue is yellow or green. 

Treatment. — A. A., is the first and principal remedy, 
and may be given, at first, a dose every half hour or 
hour. As the animal improves, the intervals between 
the doses may be prolonged, and only at the conclusion, 
when the animal has become free from the more active 
symptoms, or they have subsided, the J.K., may be 
given for the remaining debility of the digestive organs. 

No solid food should be given until convalescence sets 
in. Small quantities of fluids may be given in the form 
of oat-meal or flour gruel, or water. 

Enteritis — Inflammation of the Bowels 

Definition. — Inflammation of the intestines, through- 
out a greater or less extent of their course, and involving 
all the coats of the intestines or only the mucous lining. 

It generally attacks cattle of middle age and robust 
nealth; soxiietimes appears as an epidemic in certain 
districts, and seems to be most prevalent in hot summers. 

Causes. — Sudden exposure to vjold, or drinking cold 
water when heated; eating acrid or unwholesome plants; 
mildewed food; too stimulating diet; drinking impure 
water; sudden change from poor to rich food; colds, 
injuries inflicted on the abdomen, the presence of a 
large number of worms in the intestines; badly managed 
colic, continuing more than twenty hours, and ending in 



lm 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 



enteritis; animals inflicted with colic may so injure them- 
selves by falling or rolling over that this complaint may 
be the consequence. 

Symptoms. — Shivering, dullness, extreme restlessness; 
frequent lying down and rising again, with signs of pain 
in the bowels; hard, small and rapid pulse; quickened 
breathing; hot mouth and violent thirst; red and pro- 
truding eyes; pawing and kicking; frequent efforts to 
urinate, but no water, or only a few drops, are discharged; 
the pain, which is most intense and constant, is increased 
by pressure and moving about. The hair is rough, the 
loins tender, the abdomen swollen on the left side, and 
incapable of bearing pressure; the bowels are obstinately 
confined; the fa?ces hard and glazed with slime; but 
occasionally liquid dung is forced with dreadful agony 
through the hardened mass obstructing the lower bowel, 
and all previous symptoms become aggravated. If the 
latter disease lasts a few days, and there is a sudden 
cessation of pain, this is a sign that gangrene (mortifi- 
cation) has set in ; the feet and ears become quite cold, and 
after a while the animal falls heavily, struggles convul- 
sively for a brief period, and dies. 

Diagnosis. — As the symptoms of this violent complaint 
resemble, in many respects, those of colic, it may be 
well to point out the distinctions between the one and 
the other. 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLIC AND ENTERITIS 



COLIC 



ENTERITIS 



The attack is sudden. 

The pain is intermittent. 

The pain is relieved by 
friction and motion. 

Debility is not a charac- 
teristic till near the end of 
the disorder. 



The disorder generally 
comes on gradually. 

The pain is incessant and 
increases. 

The pain is aggravated 
by friction and movement. 

Debility is very charac- 
teristic. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 167 

Treatment.— A. A., should be given at first, a dose 
every fifteen minutes, and after an hour, a dose every 
thirty minutes, and after three or four hours, a dose 
once an hour, which should be continued until the 
disease yields; only should there be considerable gas or 
bloating, or extreme pain, a dose or two of F.F., may 
be interposed. 

Accessory Means. — Hot water is a valuable adjunct in 
the treatment of the disease. It may be applied extern- 
ally by steeping cloths in the water, and closely and 
compactly, but not too tightly applying them to the body 
and securing them by belts. Hot water may also be 
given, either as a drench or as an injection. The water 
must not be so hot as to scald the animal. The adminis- 
tration of A. A., as stated above, and hot water applied 
copiously to the body of the animal locally, and occasion- 
ally in doses of from a half-pint to a pint internally, will 
constitute the principal features of the treatment at the 
commencement of an attack. If applications of hot 
water are used, the animal should be afterwards rubbed 
dry and well covered with suitable dry cloths. 

If discovered in time, an inflammation of the digestive 
organs will generally yield to the prompt use of the 
above remedies. Linseed tea, or oatmeal gruel, will 
form the most suitable diet. 

Peritonitis — Inflammation of the Peritoneum 

Inflammation of the membrane which invests the 
abdominal viscera is very similar to enteritis. It is 
rapid in its course, generally ending fatally in six or 
eight days. 

Causes. — Lesions, contusions, and wounds of the walls 
of the abdomen; surgical operations, castration, sudden 
cold, infection while calving. 

Symptoms. — Inflammatory fever; the animal shows 
great sensitiveness when the abdomen is touched, shrink- 
ing when any one approaches it, or flexing the painful 



168 DISEASES Of TfiE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

part when it is touched ; looks around at the seat of pain; 
generally there is swelling of the belly and tightness 
about the flanks. The beast rarely lies down, or, if 'it 
attempts it, rolls on its back; when standing, it keeps 
the extremities near the centre of gravity, and bends the 
back downward. The abdomen is hot, the ears and hoofs 
cold; the pulse rapid, short and wiry. The termination 
may be in acute ascites, in adhesions of the peritoneum, 
or in gangrene, the latter being recognized by sudden 
cessation of pain, small, weak and intermittent pulse, 
and rapid prostration. 

Treatment. — The cause of the infection must first 
be removed, and this may require the assistance of 
a Veterinarian. A. A. is the proper medicine and should 
be given fifteen drops every half hour as long as there is 
any hope of a favorable termination. It will do all the 
good that any medicine can do. 

Flukes, or Rottenness 

This term is applied to the condition caused by the 
presence of fluke worms in the liver or bile ducts, where 
they sometimes exist in large numbers, causing great 
swelling of the liver. 

Cause. — The disease is chiefly developed in low districts, 
and after damp seasons. The worms are taken in with 
the food and developed in the liver. 

Symptoms. — Depression, sadness, inertness, loss of 
appetite; watery, red, yellowish, purulent eyes; yellow- 
ish tint of all parts not covered with hair ; foetid smell of 
nose and mouth; hard skin; dull, erect hair; irregularity 
of excrement, which is white, watery and foetid. 

Treatment. — The principal remedies are A. A., at first, 
and then, after a day, alternate C.C., with the A. A., a 
dose once in three or four hours. 



CHAPTER IV.— Part II. 

DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND 
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

Suppressed or Scanty Urination 

This is usually the result of some disease of the 
kidneys, or a mere symptom of other morbid condition, 
or it may arise from a paralytic condition of the bladder 
itself. This condition will generally be promptly re- 
lieved by giving a few doses of H.H., twenty drops, at 
intervals of four, six or twelve hours, according to the 
urgency of the case. 

Inflammation of the Kidneys, Nephritis 

This disease has many symptoms in common with 
cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, and its treat- 
ment scarcely differs. It occasionally occurs in cattle, 
and may be excited by blows upon the loins, calculi, or 
small stones formed in the kidneys, or by eating poison- 
ous plants, or the use of strong allopathic medicines. 

Symptoms.— The animal brings the fore legs together, 
bends the back downward, and presses with pain when 
endeavoring to pass water; the loins are hot, more so 
than the remainder of the body, sometimes even burn- 
ing. The rectum is hot, dung scanty and passed with 
pain. There is a great desire to pass water, but only a 
few drops escape, which is at first limpid, then thick, 
and of a deep red color. The gait is stiff, appetite gone, 
no rumination, but great thirst. 

Treatment. — Give H.H., a dose of twenty drops, 
every two, three or four hours, according to the intensity 
of the disease. 



170 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis 

This disease is not so common in, cattle as in horses, 
but may be occasioned by cold or injuries in the region 
of the loins. It is manifested by the following'. — 

Symptoms. — The animal constantly keeps the back 
arched ; the walk is stiff, and the animal, when standing, 
leans against something on one side or the other; fre- 
quent effort to pass water, but to little purpose, as only 
a small quantity, of deep red color, is passed at a time. 
The bowels are bound, evacuations scanty and passed 
with pain. There is no appetite or rumination, but 
intense thirst; the eyes are prominent, and the counten- 
ance evinces great distress. 

Treatment. — The H.H., will be found perfectly appro- 
priate, and may be repeated, in doses of twenty drops, 
every three or four hours, until entire relief is experienced. 

Hematuria — Discharge of Blood with 
the Urine 

The discharge of blood with the urine is more apt to 
be a symptom of some other disease, such as Inflam- 
mation of the Kidneys or Bladder, or Texas Fever, than 
to be a disease in itself, although it may occur as such. 

Symptoms. — Hematuria usually attacks cattle at pasture 
on low marshy land. At first the quantity of blood is 
small, but it gradually increases, and it often forms clots 
which stop up the passages, causing retention of urine 
and even bursting of the bladder. The animal grows 
weak and pale, and sometimes drops of blood are seen on 
the hairs around the opening. 

In some cases the animal appears to recover, but in 
a little while another attack occurs. The disease usually 
ends fatally, but only after about two years. 

Treatment.— Although this disease is usually fatal, it 
is not known to be contagious; therefore we advise making 
every effort to save the animal. Give H.H., twenty 
drops every four hours at first, and as the disease 
mends, night and morning. 



• DISEASES OF CATTLE 171 

Parturition 

The natural period of gestation is about nine calendar 
months, or from 270 to 285 days. For a month or three 
weeks before the time of calving — or, if poorly in con- 
dition, two months — the cow should be allowed to dry; 
otherwise the unnourished calf will be of little value 
when it is born. If the cow be milked too long, there is 
also danger of bringing down the new milk and causing 
puerperal fever, or inflammation of the udder. On the 
other hand, a cow should not be fed too high. For some 
weeks, as the time approaches, the food should be limited 
in quantity, and be given more frequently, otherwise the 
rumen will be so distended with food or gas as to press 
upon the uterus, alter the position of the fetus, and thus 
render parturition difficult. 

Cows, when well attended to, calve very easily and 
require little assistance. For a few days there is a 
mucous discharge from the vagina ; the animal is restless 
and uneasy; groans, and breathes more quickly; the 
udder rapidly enlarges; the abdomen drops. The cow 
should be allowed to be quiet ; it is a cruel and dangerous 
practice to rouse and drive her about. The restlessness 
soon increases ; the cow keeps getting up and lying down ; 
at last she remains on the ground, and, if all goes well, 
the calf is soon born. The expulsive pains cause the 
exit of a considerable quantity of fluid, or of a pouch full 
of serum. When this pouch bursts, the pains increase 
and the calf is expelled. If there be any difficulty, the 
fetus may be drawn forward during a pain. The cord 
breaks of itself, at some distance from the umbilicus. 
The after-birth, cleansing, or placenta,, is not always passed 
at once; it may remain for several hours partly or wholly 
within the womb, causing some danger of fatal conse- 
quences; but manual interference should not be allowed 
till the action of medicines has been found ineffectual for 
its removal. 

Treatment. — The general treatment lias been suffi- 
ciently indicated in the foregoing. If the labor be 



172 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

tedious, a dose of A. A., will often help. After two 
hours, another dose might be given; and in some 
extreme cases, when the pains have nearly ceased, a 
dose of the G.G.; will often help. 

The animal should be kept in a roomy, well-aired 
place, free from superfluous litter, covered immediately 
after calving if the least danger be apprehended ; fed 
sparingly for some days, principally on mashes and small 
quantities of hay. 

The udder should be frequently and well stripped of 
its contents. 

Failure to come in Heat — Sterility 

Failure to breed in the cow may occur in two different 
forms — first impotence, in which the cow fails to come in 
heat, and second, true sterility, in which, although she 
came in heat and was bred the service proved unfruitful. 

The first of these cases may be due to some malforma- 
tion of the sexual organs in which case it is incurable ; 
but it is more often due to insufficient or over-feed, or 
lack of exercise, or over- work, or some depressing disease. 

Treatment. — Correct the exercise and feeding, and give 
G.G., every night for a week, or, if the case is urgent, a 
dose morning and night, and then a dose daily until the 
result is manifest. 

True Sterility may also be caused by malformations 
and be incurable, but is more often caused by other 
things such as a catarrhal condition of the vagina— 
Leucorrhea or to ardent heat, or insufficient food, or 
debility from disease. 

The Treatment for Leucorrhea or a catarrhal condition 
of the organs, which may be known by a constant or 
frequent discharge from the vagina, give G.G., each 
morning and J.K., at night, and continue this for several 
weeks, or until she is again served. 

In addition dissolve one cake of fresh compressed yeast 
in a pint of tepid water, then after a few hours, add 
another pint. Then wash the vagina well with soap and 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 173 

water and use the dissolved yeast as a douche, this should 
be done daily for several days. 

Where there is an excess of excitement, too ardent or 
too frequent, or even constant heat, give at first, H.H., a 
dose morning and night, for two or three weeks, then a 
dose or two of G.G., and the result will usually be 
satisfactory. 

Where there is unthriftiness or want of good condition, 
correct the feeding and give G.G., morning and J.K., at 
night. 

Cleaning after Calving 

In some cases, from torpidity of the calf-bed, the 
afterbirth is retained, which may result in very serious 
consequences. 

A dose of twenty drops of G.G., will soon cause its 
expulsion and the healthy cleaning of the animal. It 
may be repeated, at intervals of four hours, if necessary. 

Flooding after Calving 

Some blood is necessarily lost after calving, and it is 
only when the amount is excessive or continues some 
time, or threatens to weaken or destroy the animal, that 
the term flooding can be applied to it. It may be 
occasioned by injuries received during the process of 
delivery, or from the calf -bed not sufficiently contracting 
from atony or want of vigor or that organ. 

The symptoms need not be described ; any continuous 
flowing from the bearing, before or after delivery, and 
especially after the passage of the cleansing, should 
receive medication. 

Treatment.— The cow should be kept quiet and be 
permitted to lie down, and twenty drops of the G.G., be 
given every hour, or even every half hour, in urgent 

cases. 

Cold injections, cold, wet cloths, applied to the loins, 
or cold water poured upon the belly, are not necessary, 
and are not without danger. 



174 URINARY* AND HEPRODUtOTVfi SYSTEMS 

Sore Teats 

The teats crack into sores, which become painful, and 
discharge, the contents mingling with tin-; milk; the pain 
occasioned during milking renders the cow restive, and 
soon tends to make her vicious and to keep back her 
milk; garget, hence, is apt to arise from the milk 
remaining in the udder and causing irritation. 

Treatment. — Humphreys' Veterinary Oil is sovereign 
for Sore Teats. In bad canes, wash the teats carefully with 
warm water; and after drying with a soft cloth, apply 
the Veterinary Oil, which repeat morning and night, 
simply oiling the sore places or cracks. Give also 1. 1., 
morning and night; and after three or four days the 
J.K., unless indeed the trouble has not been quite cured 
by the use of the 1. 1., and the Veterinary' Oil. 

Garget, or Inflammation of the Udder 

This is most liable to arise after the first calving, and 
may be traced to exposure to cold and damp, especially 
if the cow is in good condition, or from not milking the 
cow clean, so that the milk remains and causes irritation, 
or, in some cases, the bag may be wounded by lying 
upon it. 

Symptoms. — A portion of the bag becomes hot, painful 
and swollen; then hard lumps or "cakes" can be felt in 
the teats, or in one portion of the bag ; other parts of it 
become affected in the same way; the pulse is full, quick 
and hard; breathing is quickened; the mouth and horns 
hot; bowels bound, and other symptoms of fever are 
present. If the disease is allowed to go on, the fever 
becomes more severe ; the cow does not eat or chew the 
cud; the swelling, previously hard, becomes soft from 
the formation of matter; the milk becomes mixed with 
matter, and, in some cases, with blood. If the disease is 
not arrested or matter is not let out, it will spread, making 
its way slowly to the skin, through which it at last 
bursts, leaving deep, long ulcers, which heal with diffi- 
culty, and in many cases a portion of the udder is lost, 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 175 

as regards its power to produce milk. If this result is 
avoided by judicious treatment, some hardness may 
remain, which requires time to remove. 

Treatment.— Keep the udder well milked out, and 
give the A. A., in alternation with C.C., and apply 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. This will generally dis- 
perse the heat, hardness and inflammation. But should 
suppuration have come on, and the abcess point showing 
a soft spot, lance it, and continue C.C., and Veter- 
inary Oil, morning and night. 

Dropping after Calving— Milk Fever — 
Puerperal Fever 

This disease is of frequent occurrence and quite liable 
to be fatal, unless under proper homeopathic treatment. 
It is much more prevalent some seasons than others, 
owing, doubtless, to peculiar atmospheric conditions, and 
is more malignant some seasons than others. 

There are certain causes which predispose to this dis- 
ease; thus fat; stall-fed cows are more liable to it than 
poor or lean ones; the complaint is more common in the 
variable weather of early spring and late fall ; a cow once 
having the disease is more liable to a return than others. 
The exciting causes are: exposure to cold and wet; 
driving the cow a long journey too soon; giving too much 
or too rich food soon after calving. 

Symptoms. — This fever usually begins shortly after 
calving, usually within twenty-four hours; if three or 
four days pass over, the cow may be considered safe from 
an attack. The earlier symptoms are: the cow refuses 
her food or only eats a little of it; she is depressed, hangs 
her head and looks dull; the horns are hot; the none, 
instead of being damp with healthy dew, becomes hot 
and dry; the urine is scanty; the bowels are confined, or, 
if moved, the dung is hard and lumpy; the pulse is 
quicker and fuller than in health; the breathing is 
quickened and attended with heaving at the flanks. 



176 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

To these warning symptoms are added, with more or 
less rapidity, the more formidable ones, which are often 
first to attract the attention of the owner. The milk is 
reduced in quantity or entirely stopped; the eyes glisten 
and look bright and staring; the white of the eye is 
covered with numerous red streaks, or is of a leaden 
color; the eye-balls are thrust forward in their sockets, 
and give the cow a somewhat wild and anxious expression ; 
the hind legs seem weak, and are separated a little from 
each other; she appears to stand uneasily upon them, 
resting for a time on one foot and then changing to the 
other ; this paddling and shifting from one leg to another 
continues as the difficulty of standing increases, until the 
animal supports herself by leaning against the stall ; she 
does not chew the cud; all discharge from the bearing 
is stopped; the calf is neglected; the pulse becomes 
slower than before, and the breathing more difficult; the 
udder is hard and swelled, and little or no milk can be 
drawn from it ; gradually becoming worse, the weakness 
in the hind legs increases, so they can no longer support 
her; she staggers and sways about, falling, at length, 
heavily on the ground; she struggles, tries to rise again, 
and may or may not succeed, but in either case soon 
looses the power of rising, and lies helpless upon the 
ground. In this stage of the complaint the symptoms 
vary. In some cases we have the following: The cow 
tosses her head from side to side, writhes her body and 
lashes her tail, struggles, stretches out her hind legs, 
moans and bellows, and seems to suffer great pain. The 
breathing is also difficult and labored; the skin covered 
with clammy sweat ; the paunch enormously swollen from 
accumulated gas. Unless this swelling subsides, the 
breathing becomes more difficult and labored ; the pulse 
more rapid and oppressed, so as scarcely to be counted ; 
the legs very cold ; pain is worse ; fetid gas rises from the 
stomach, and death ensues. 

In other cases the foregoing symptoms are absent, or 
exist only in a slight degree ; and we have the following : 



DISEASES OP CATTLE 177 

The cow lies stretched out at full length on her Side, or 
her head is brought to the opposite side, with the nose 
towards the shoulder and the chin on the ground ; or the 
head is twisted directly backward, with the nose held out 
and the horns upon the shoulder, in the most awkward 
manner. The eyes are dim and glassy; the pupils are 
dilated, rounded, and do not contract at the approach of 
light ; the ears drop ; the mouth is partly open ; the lower 
jaw drops if the head is raised ; she has not the power to 
hold up her head ; she has lost the sense of feeling, and 
can scarcely swallow, if at all ; difficult, rattling breath- 
ing; pulse weak, slow and intermittent, or even imper- 
ceptible; horns, legs and surface cold and chilly; swelling 
of the belly increases ; udder swelled, hard and sometimes 
red on the outside; in some cases dung and urine 
suppressed. All these symptoms become worse by de- 
grees, and unless relieved, death ensues generally within 
two days from the attack, sometimes in a few hours. 

Treatment. — The symptoms of this disease appear so 
suddenly, and run so rapid a course, that if the disease is 
prevailing, or there is reason from any cause to apprehend 
it, the cow should be watched about the time of calving, 
and a dose or two, of fifteen drops, of A. A., should be 
given soon after. This will act as a preventive, and 
arrest any premonitions of the disease, and we would 
counsel its continuance; at least an occasional dose, 
morning and night, for two or three days. It will favor 
the early and feverless production of milk. 

Should the disease have made its appearance with 
evident fever, unequal warmth, bloating, suppressed 
discharge from the bearing, etc., give A. A., a dose «>f 
twenty drops, every two or three hours, until the disease 
is arrested. 

Only in the last extremity, with labored breathing, 
extreme bloating, and entire loss or rapid failure of 
strength, the 1. 1., may be alternated with the A. A., at 
intervals of two hours, in doses of twenty drops, until 
the system rallies, when the two medicines may be con- 
tinued at longer intervals. 



178 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

Nursing and Care. — The cow should be placed in a 
clean, roomy stall, so as to be allowed to rise and to be 
attended with facility ; laid on clean, dry straw, no dung 
allowed to remain, and be comfortably clothed, accord- 
ing to the season. The milk should be frequently drawn 
off and the udder hand rubbed. She should he with the 
fore part of her body higher than the hinder part, or on 
a level, with her legs under her in a natural position. 
She must be on her side and supported by bundles of 
straw, and on no account be allowed to lie out full 
stretched, in which position she will become worse and 
surely die. Small quantities of warm gruel are best for 
food. 

There have lately come into vogue k ' Milk Fever Out- 
fits" by means of which the udder is filled with sterilized 
air. While there can be no objection to this treatment 
either alone or in conjunction with the A. A. In our 
experience the A. A. alone is quite sufficient. 

Abortion 

Abortion or premature birth may occur from three 
different causes : 

1 — Accidental Abortion. — Caused by a blow; strain; 
slipping on a wet floor, over-strain from pulling a heavy 
load, etc. 

2 — Enzootic Abortion. — Due to some infectious disease 
of the mother. 

3 — Contagious Abortion. — A distinct disease which 
causes the death and expulsion of the fetus or its 
expulsion in a feeble state prior to the normal period. 

Symptoms of Threatened Abortion. — In the first three 
months of pregnancy, the appearance of a bloody, watery 
or mucous discharge from the vagina. In the later 
months, uneasiness, swelling, heat and tenderness about 
the udder; secretion of milk; and straining as if in labor. 

Treatment of Threatened Abortion. — Give fifteen 
drops of G.G., every six hours, and the dose may be 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 179 

repeated two or three or more times should the threaten- 
ing symptoms continue after the first or even the second 
dose has expended its action. 

This interval should elapse between doses, as too rapid 
ones may even defeat the object, by over-excitement of 
the system, while a single dose often arrests an abortion 
if permitted to expand its action. 

After a cow has actually aborted, it is almost im- 
possible to tell whether it occurred from contagious 
abortion or from some other cause, so the safe thing to 
do is to act as if it had been contagious abortion. 

Treatment of Contagious Abortion. — The fetus and 
membranes should be burned. The premises occupied 
by the sick animal should be disinfected as follows: 
Remove all bedding and dirt possible and spray all 
available parts of barn with 3% formalin or 5% carbolic 
acid solution. Apply white wash containing 1 lb. chloride 
of lime to 3 gallons of whitewash, scatter quicklime on 
floor and gutters. 

The animal which has aborted should receive- daily a 
vaginal irrigation of two gallons of warm water contain- 
ing 2% lysol until the vaginal discharge stops. The 
external parts about the vagina, including the hips and 
tail, should be washed thoroughly with soap and water and 
then with the lysol solution as above, twice daily. This 
should also be done to all exposed pregnant animals in 
the herd, being careful not to use the same cloth, solu- 
tion, bucket or attendant, for the well animals that was 
used for the sick one. 

Also give G.G., at intervals of six hours. 

Falling and Protrusion of the Womb 

After a difficult labor, or when manual help has been 
injudiciously applied, the womb may be everted or 
turned inside out. The organ then is partly or quite 
protruded and appears as a deep red mass covered with 
smooth red bodies (glands). 



180 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 

In order to replace, the cow should stand with the 
hind feet higher than the fore feet, the hand of the 
operator should be wrapped with a soft cloth soaked in 
warm milk and smeared with Humphreys' A t eterinary 
Oil, and gentle pressure should be continuously and carefully 
applied to the mass until it gradually returns to its 
proper position. Dry or inflamed parts should be washed 
in warm milk and kept well anointed with the Veterinary 
Oil. Give also A. A., at first every three hours, and 
later alternate G.G., with the A. A., a dose once in six 
hours. 

Where cases of simple protrusion op the organ occur 
without retroversion, give A. A., morning and G.G., at 
night, feeding light easily digested food, which will be 
effective. 



CHAPTER V.— Part II. 
MECHANICAL INJURIES 

Burns 

Injury to the skin and sub-cutaneous tissue by any 
hot body requires careful treatment, not only because of 
the local damage, but also because of possible injury to 
the system. 

The air must be excluded as much as possible; and 
the less the injured part is disturbed the better. It will 
be found advantageous to apply one piece of linen, 
smeared with Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, next to the 
wound, so that it may not be necessary to remove it; 
then over that a piece of several thicknesses, which may 
be removed for the purpose of applying the Veterinary 
Oil. Often the part may be so situated that the plaster 
or covering cannot be conveniently kept in place; then 
the only application will be the Veterinary Oil, simply 
applied with the end of the finger, so as to keep the sore 
or burned place moist. Slight superficial burns require 
only the application of the oil as above. During the 
healing, simply apply the Veterinary Oil. 

Give, also, for extensive burns, or deep burns, or scalds, 
the A. A., every two or three hours at first, then morning 
and at night. In extreme cases, or with extensive 
ulcerations, give 1. 1., in alternation with A. A., after the 
first fever has subsided. 

Contusion — Bruise 

Is defined as an injury inflicted on the surface of the 
body by mechanical violence, without laceration of the 
skin. It may be slight, involving only the rupture of 
minute vessels, or it may tear the muscular fibres, or 
wound a large blood vessel. 



182 MECHANICAL INJURIES 

Causes. — Blows from sticks; butts from horns; pressure 
of the yoke on draught oxen. 

Treatment. — For slight affections of this kind, in the 
nature of a bruise, bathe the part with Humphreys' 
Marvel Witch Hazel, three or four times per day, 
and as often give a dose of the JB.B. This will soon 
remove the lameness and stiffness and restore the part, 
as well as ward off injurious consequences. The admin- 
istration of the B.B., should never be omitted in these 
cases. 

Sprains 

These injuries affect the ligaments that connect the 
joints, and are caused by false steps, slipping, or by 
forcibly twisting or contorting the joints to an extent 
beyond that permitted by the natural limitations of 
flexion. 

Sprains happen to various members — the coronet joint, 
the fetlock, the shoulder, etc. The pain, swelling and 
inflammation which accompany these accidents are 
proportioned to the extent of the injury. 

General Treatment. — This consists in affording rest 
to the limb, mitigating the pain and subduing inflam- 
matory action. Also apply to the part, when you know 
where it is, Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, but in 
all such cases give the B.B., for strains, lameness, etc., 
a dose at first, four times per day, and later, morning and 
night. 

Sprain of the Shoulder. — Draught oxen are particularly 
subject to this affection, which is caused by excessive 
exertion in drawing, false steps, slips or external violence. 

Symptoms. — There is heat, pain, stiffness and imperfect 
mobility of the limb; the animal trails it with evident 
pain; does not raise it easily over any obstacle; when 
standing, rests the weight of the body on the opposite 
side. 

Treatment. — Give the animal rest, and a dose of the 
B.B. , three times per day. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE IS.'! 

Sprain of the Haunch. — Inability to move the hind 
quarters and extremities is due to the same causes as 
sprain of the shoulder. 

Symptoms.— Limping and dragging the hind legs; when 
standing, the beast keeps them apart. In severe cases it 
can neither stand nor walk, but falls down, unable to 
rise. Sometimes the lumbar region is hot, swollen and 
painful. 

Treatment.— The same as for other sprains. Give a 
dose of B.B., three times per day. 

Sprain of the Loins. — The causes, symptoms and 
treatment of this affection are much the same as for 
sprain of the haunch. 

Other Means.— In some sprains it will be advisable to 
precede the medicinal treatment by applications of 
warm water, and afterwards to dry the parts with a cloth 
before applying Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel or 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. After the swelling has 
subsided, the animal may only very gradually return to 
its accustomed work. Give, always, a dose of B.B., 
morning and night, or even three times per day. 

Choking 

Foreign bodies in the oesophagus — obstruction of the 
gullet. Roots that have not been cut into small pieces 
before they are given to the cattle are sometimes swal- 
lowed, especially if the beasts be very hungry. There is 
no doubt about the symptoms, as the body may often be 
felt externally, while difficulty of breathing, and violent 
action of the muscles of deglutition, with a view to expel 
the intruder, indicate what is the matter. Prompt action 
is necessary, as the animal, if not relieved, becomes 
hooven or wind blown. 

Tjreatment. — If the obstruction be near the top of the 
gullet, it may be removed by the hand put through the 
mouth and protected by a common balling-iron. 

Try also pouring some oil or thin grease into the 
gullet through a horn inserted into the mouth. 



184 MECHANICAL IXJURIEB 

A pinch or email spoonful of coarse gun -powder put 
far back under the animal's tongue, will often cause a 
violent regurgitation or vomiting, which brings up the 
offending substance. 

Give also F.F. , every half hour, if the animal is bloated 
or distressed with wind, or the J.K., if suffering from 
indigestion. 

If it be too far down the oesophagus for removal in 
this manner, the obstruction must be pushed into the 
stomach. For this purpose a probang must be carefully 
used. A good, common probang, which will not lacerate 
the gullet, may be readily made from a piece of firm 
rope, from half-inch to an inch in diameter and four or 
five feet long. Wind the end of this from two or three 
inches down to near the end with linn, strong twine, so 
as to make a firm square, not pointed end. Secure the 
twine carefully in the strands, so it will not unravel, or 
yet better, wind the ends of the cord along in the strands 
of the rope to the handle. Then smear the bulb and 
rope with lard, and pass the probang down to the 
obstruction, and, using it like a ram-rod, drawing it 
back but a few inches at a stroke, you can readily drive 
down the obstruction, without danger of lacerating the 
gullet, as you are in great danger of doing by using a 
"rakestail" or other piece of stiff wood, causing the 
death of the patient. 

Wounds 

Animals are often exposed to wounds, which differ in 
character and importance, according to the manner in 
which they have been produced, the extent of the injury, 
and the part wounded. 

Incised Wounds are produced by instruments with 
sharp edges; these wounds have no jagged edges, and 
heal most rapidly. 

Stab Wounds may not appear very considerable on 
the surface, but may be very serious, as important parts 
may have been injured. If a bowel has been cut, blood 



DISEASES OF CATTLE lSo 

is generally discharged from the anus, or the contents of 
the bowel escape through the external wound. If the 
parts around a stab wound soon begin to swell, blood- 
vessels and intestines have probably been injured, and 
extravasation of blood takes place. 

Lacerated Wounds are caused by rough and blunt 
bodies, have a jagged and uneven appearance, and, 
although large and important blood-vessels have been 
divided, in general there is but little bleeding. 

Treatment.— If dirt, wood, glass, sand, shot, or any 
other substance have got into the wound, remove them 
by a sponge and cold water; in some cases a syringe may 
be required for tin's purpose. If there is much bleeding, 
this must be arrested by using a sponge dipped in cold 
water, or with Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel or 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, and gently pressed Upon 
the wound. If tmeHis have been severed, they will have 
to be grasped with a pair of forceps, and drawn slightly 
and gently forward, so that they may be securely tied 
by means of a strong ligature of silk. You may know 
an artery has been injured by the blood being bright red 
and coming in spurts. The healing of cut-wounds is 
facilitated by bringing the edges together by means of 
adhesive plaster, or by stiching them. Before sewing up 
a. wound, the bleeding should have ceased, and the 
operator must be careful that all foreign bodies, loose 
shreds of tissue, and clots of blood are carefully removed ; 
otherwise inflammation will be produced, and the 
stitches will have to be removed. The sides of the 
wound should first be placed closely together, as before 
injury; each thread should be tied by itself, so that if 
one stitch breaks out, others may remain undisturbed. 
Well- waxed silk or strong thread should be used, and as 
many stitches inserted as may be necessary to unite the 
edges of the wound. 

Give A. A., and apply the Veterinary Oil in all cases 
of injury. 



18(5 MECHANICAL INJURIES 

Caries of the Bones 

Symptoms. — Swelling of the bones; great tenderness to 
the touch; frequently a suppurating wound. The disease 
is very serious, and very difficult to cure. 

Treatment. — You may give the J.K., each morning, 
and the LI., at night, with advantage. 

Fractures 

Horns. — When a cow breaks a horn there is consider- 
able hemorrhage, which should be arrested by applica- 
tions of Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel. If the horn 
be warm, it is just possible to restore it by immediately 
putting it in its place and fixing it there with bandages. 
The animal should then be tied up to a ring, by itself, 
so that it cannot rub against anything. The stump, or 
replaced horn, should be wrapped in cloths after being 
well covered with Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. B.B., 
should be given internally, once or twice per day. 

Bones. — The ossa ilium, or flank bones, are most liable 
to fracture. 

Treatment. — In fractures, wherever situated, it is in- 
dispensable to keep the part at rest as much as possible; 
consequently most fractures incidental to cattle admit of 
no efncatious treatment. In simple fractures, where the 
proper splints and bandages can be applied, recovery 
may ensue. 

Poisonous Plants 

Cattle sometimes eats poisonous plants, such as acrid 
buds of oak, twigs of yew, the water hemlock, and others, 
and consequently suffer and die. Unless it is known that 
they have had access to such plants, it is not always easy 
to determine the nature of the disorder from which 
they are suffering. If there be suspicion of poisoning, 
the following treatment may be pursued, when the 
symptoms seem to indicate it. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 187 

Symptoms. — Torpor; refusal of food; excessive thirst; 
distention ; the animal shows signs of great agony, grinds 
its teeth, stamps, paws the ground, strikes its flanks, 
rolls on the ground, as if with spasms or colic. Some- 
times there is great fury, ending in torpor, paralysis, 
death. 

Treatment. — The stomach-pump should he employed ; 
water thrown into the rumen till vomiting ensues. This 
should be repeated till the stomach is emptied. 

In general, however, and unless the animal be very 
valuable and the circumstances favorable, such means 
are not available, and you can only give the F.F. and 
J.K., in alternation, one dose every half hour, or hour, 
according to the urgency of the case. 

Eczema 

Eczema is a disease of the skin and in general appear- 
ance is much like mange, but is unlike mange in the fact 
that it is not caused by parasites, and therefore is not 
contagious. 

Several forms of eczema are observed in cattle. 

1 — An acute form which attacks the legs ; there is dull- 
ness and loss of appetite, followed by swelling, stiffness 
and elevated points of hair on the legs. 

2 — There is a chronic form attacking various parts 
of the body with loss of hair and crusts. 

3 — There is still another form caused by eating too 
much potato pulp, this attacks the legs with redness, 
swelling, crusts and general, loss of condition. 

Eczema may be told from mange by the absence of the 
parasites, which in cattle can usually be seen by the 
naked eye; also in mange the itching is much more 
intense than in eczema. 

Treatment. — First clean the sores, removing all dirt, 
scabs, etc. For this purpose, olive oil is better than 
water, as soap and water are apt to cause further irrita- 



188 MECHANICAL INJURIES 

tion. Apply Zinc Ointment night and morning. Give 
A. A., three times per day, for two days, then 1.1. 
instead of A. A. 

Warbles 

This is often seen on cattle in February and March. 
It consists of a number of roundish swelling from five to 
twenty in number, usually on the back and sides. The 
swellings are sometimes as large as the closed fist. 

During the summer months the gadfly lays its eggs on 
the skin of the cattle, especially just above the heels. 
The cattle bite these places and swallow the eggs ; which 
hatch into larvae and make their way through the body 
to the skin, where they form these swellings. The 
swellings suppurate and form a small hole, through which 
the larvae breathe and later escape. After the larvae 
have escaped the swellings subside. 

Treatment. —Warbles may be prevented by keeping 
the cattle from swallowing the eggs. Either by brushing 
off the legs, or by applying kerosene oil, or a 3% solution 
of creoline, or one of the proprietary products for keeping 
flies off cattle. This should be done night and morning 
. during July and August. 

The larvae may be killed as soon as the hole is first 
formed; by injecting kerosene oil from an ordinary oil 
can into the aperture, or by covering the hole with thick 
grease, which prevents the larvae from breathing When 
the larvae are killed the swelling usually soon disappear. 



PART III. 

Diseases of Sheep and Goats 

When a number op Sheep or Goats, or a flock, are 
to receive medicine, the best and most economical, as 
well as efficient method, is as follows: Procure a new or 
perfectly clean pint bottle and cork, fill it two-thirds full 
of pure water, to which add a large spoonful, or xijiij 
drops, of the proper remedy, shake it thoroughly, so as 
to perfectly medicate the whole mass. Of this a dessert 
spoonful is a dose for a sheep or goat. Paste a proper 
label on the bottle and use it only for that remedy, so as 
to prevent mistake or confusion. 

CHAPTER I. 

GENERAL DISEASES 

Black Leg 

Known as Quarter III, or the Black Spauld of the 
English Shepherds, or as one of the "Murrains" of this 
country. It affects young and thrifty sheep, and is rarely 
found in old and poor stock. It is most common in wot 
seasons, in the early spring or summer and fall, and 
when the feed is very luxuriant. The sheep gorge them- 
selves with the rich vegetation, and the digestion being 
over-taxed, the system is disorganized and the sheep 
suddenly droop and die. On examination, the wool 
leaves the skin at the slightest touch, and the body is 
found to be swollen and blackened in large patches, 
chiefly on the hind or fore quarter. Air is in tilt rated 
under the skin, and the carcass seems already decomposed 
and full of black blood. On examining the flock, some 
will be lame or limping, the eyes red, and the mouth and 
tongue inflamed and blistered, and on passing the hand 
over the sides or quarters, they will be found swollen, 
the wool readily coming off, and a crepitation be heard 
from the confined air beneath. The urine is dark, the 
bowels constipated and dung bloody. After a time the 
animal is unable to stand, and falls upon the side; 
stretches out the limbs and in a few hours is dead. 



190 GENERAL DISEASES 

The disease is worse on moist, rich bottom lands, and 
is rare on dry hills or gravelly soils. To prevent the 
disease, such soils and localities should be avoided, and 
the sudden changes from poor to suCh rich and succulent 
and abundant pasturage. 

Treatment. — The disease is incurable, and diseased 
animals should be killed at once, the bodies burned and 
the premises disinfected as given under Abortion, page 122. 
The healthy animals should be moved to another pasture 
and the infected pasture burned off the following winter, 
this destroys the germs in that pasture. 

Cattle may be rendered immune to Black Leg by 
vaccination. The vaccine with directions for its use is 
given away to stock owners by the Chief of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 

Foot and Mouth Disease — Eczema Epizootica 

Definition. — An acute, contagious fever, characterized 
by the formation of vesicles and ulcers, chiefly about the 
mouth and hoofs, etc. The eruptions appear on the 
mucous membrane of the mouth, on the fetlock, 
and in the cleft of the hoofs, and not unfrequently as a 
eruption on the udder. The disorder chiefly prevails 
among cattle and sheep, but under favoring circumstances, 
also attacks other domestic quadrupeds, and even man. 

Causes. — It appears as an epidemic, and spreads 
exclusively by contagion. The precise nature of the germ 
is unknown, but it is chiefly limited to the contents of the 
vesicles, the secretion of the ulcers, the saliva, the blood 
and the natural secretions and excretions, of the diseased 
animal ; and these convey the disease. The predisposing 
causes are exposure to cold, wet, currents of cold air, poor 
fodder, want of cleanliness and good housing; and any- 
thing that tends to lower the constitutional vitality. The 
activity of the virus is preserved for many months. The 
poison may be conveyed by the clothes of herdsmen and 
other persons, by manure, tools, fodder, by grass and 
ground previously trodden by diseased animals, and milk 
to suckling calves, indeed by almost anything. It finds 
its way into the system in various ways, not depending 
on any w'ound for admission. The communication to 



DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 1^1 

man is by drinking the milk of diseased cows. A second 
attack is rare. 

Symptoms. — After a period of incubation, lasting from 
three to six days, the animal is seized with a shivering 
fit, and appears dull and stupified. A vesicular eruption 
soon appears on the mouth, the hoofs, and the teats. 
Suckling lambs, have a similar eruption on the mouth and 
throat, with irritation of the whole alimentary canal, 
attended with inability to suck, and exhausting diarrhea. 
The eyes are then observed to be dim, watery, congested ; 
the muzzle, ears and horns alternately hot and cold; 
shivering ensues; rumination is diminished ; the milk is 
less in quantity, yellower and thicker than usual, and 
much deteriorated in quality; the bag swollen, tender, 
hot; the back arched; the coat staring and harsh; the 
pulse somewhat accelerated; the temperature moderately 
elevated, reaching 102', or even 104" ; the eruption in the 
mouth is first seen on the inner surface of the upper lip, 
the edge of the upper jaw where there are no teeth, pn 
the tip and edges of the tongue, and is indicated by 
salivation, by pain and loss of power in taking and eat- 
ing food. The vesicles occur on the mucous membrane, 
singly or in* patches, first as little red spots, then as 
whitish-yellow, slightly turbid blisters, about the size of 
a beaii; at first transparent, but subsequently filled with 
a puriform fluid. These vesicles burst in about eighteen 
hours, discharge their fluid, leaving behind shallow 
ulcers, which often run together and then form deep and 
ragged ulcers. The lips, cheeks, tongue, and sometimes 
the Schneiderian membrane, are affected. The eruption 
on the feet is first seen around the coronet and in the 
interdigital space, especially of the hind legs; and the 
resulting vesicles burst quickly, because of the animal's 
movements. The animal evidently suffers intense pain, 
is lame or unable to stand", and moves reluctantly or 
cautiously; the hoofs swell; the vascular secreting mem- 
branes become inflamed; the hoofs are cast; the bones 
may become diseased; and serious mischief may ensue. 
The eruption on the udder turns to vesicles, as in the 
mouth, and, when the fluid dries or escapes, thin scales 



192 



GENERAL DISEASES 



are formed. The teats are swollen and sore. In excep- 
tional cases, a vesicular eruption appears on the muzzle, 
the mucous membrane of the nostrils, the conjuctivae 
of the eyes, and the mucous membrane of the vagina. 

In favorable cases, the fever subsides about the fourth 
day, the eruption declines, the appetite returns, and in 
seven to fourteen days the animal recovers. But compli- 
cations are not uncommon. And in unfavorable cases 
the fever is high, the ulceration increases, the animal 
suffers from exhaustion, wasting, discharge of stringy, 
bloody mucous from the mouth, and of offensive matter 
from the nostrils; the face is swollen, the breath foul, the 
respiration rapid and grunting; the pulse small, weak, 
rapid; the blood becomes impure; the belly and legs 
oedematous; the hoofs slough off; diarrhea supervenes, 
and death follows about the ninth or tenth day. 

Prognosis. — This is unfavorable— The United States 
Government and the Health Officers of the several States 
require all suspected cases of Foot and Mouth Disease to 
be quarantined, and upon the full development of the 
disease all animals infected to be killed. Human beings 
are liable to become infected, great care should be exer- 
cised in handling diseased animals or their carcases. 

Liver Rot — Liver Fluke Disease 

This is a very destructive disease and causes much loss 
to sheep raisers each year. 

It is caused by a small worm called the Distoma ; which 
is swallowed by the sheep in water or on grass and which 
makes its way to the liver, where it lives. These worms 
only exist in low damp land, high dry pastures are free 
from them. 

Symptoms. — The sheep becomes dull and listless, 
followed by loss of flesh and strength, the wool comes off 
easily. The loss of strength*continues and death usually 
ensues. 

Treatment. — Since the worms only exist for any length 
of time in low damp land; and high dry pastures are 
usually free from them ; the sheep should be removed to 
the dry pastures. Rock salt should be given freely to the 
infected sheep. There is no known cure for this disease. 



CHAPTER II.— Part III. 
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ' 
Encephalitis, Inflammation of the Brain 

This disease may arise from internal causes, but more 
frequently from sun-stroke, blows upon the head, too 
plentiful food, etc. 

Symptoms. — The animal ceases to eat; hangs its ears 
and head, which are hot to the touch; walks along 
staggering, unconscious whither it goes; the eyes are 
bright and red and projected from the head; the air it 
expires is hot; the breathing short, rapid and accom- 
panied with violent beating of the flanks ; it remains 
lying down, head stretched on the ground, and, as the 
disease draws to a close, it ends in convulsions. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., a dose of three or rive drops 
every hour, during the height of the disease, and then at 
longer intervals as the case improves. 

Apoplexy 

In consequence of that plethora, which is the result of 
over-feeding in fattening, sheep are quite liable to 
apoplexy, and when in tins condition they are driven 
rapidly some distance in warm weather, they are quite 
liable to a fit of this disease. 

Symptoms.— Generally there are some symptoms which 
indicate that an animal is about to have a fit of this very 
frequent complaint. These are: Dullness; frequent 
standing still, or remaining behind the others, the 
breathing is quickened ; it seems sleepy and unaware of 
what is going on around ; the eyes appear as if they were 
blind; the pupils -are reddened and nostrils dilated; 
pulse is quick and hard; the membranes of the nose and 
eyes are red; then, from standing fixed as it were in one 
place, it staggers and falls; then is violently convulsed, 
and, unless relieved, death speedily ensues. 



194 DISEASES OF TTTE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

Treatment. — The A. A., if given before the convulsion, 
a dose of three or five drops, will often arrest its farther 
progress. If the fit has taken place, give the medicine at 
once, and repeat the dose again after the animal gets 
over it, should it survive the fit. 

Louping 111 

This disease is more common in the spring of the year 
when it attacks sheep and particularly lambs. 

It begins with twitching and tremblings; sometimes 
even convulsions The animal falls and may even leap 
into the air. This is later followed by paralysis of part 
of the body, and the head being drawn to one side. 

This disease is due to bacteria which are transmitted to 
the sheep by the grass tick. No cure is known. Diseased 
sheep should be killed and the rest of the flock dipped 
for Scab, as on page 211. 

Trotters — Nibblers 

This is a disease somewhat like louping ill but appears 
to be heriditary. 

Symptoms. — The sheep trembles when touched and 
walks with a peculiar gait, raising the feet high (Trotters). 
Later there appears to be an itching, since the animal 
rubs and bites its hind quarters (Nibblers). This is 
followed by wasting, paralysis and death. 

Treatment. — There is no known cure and diseased 
animals should be slaughtered and not bred from. 

Epilepsy — Fits 

In sheep, this disorder frequently occurs on a fine, cold 
morning in spring, early summer and autumn, within an 
hour or two of daybreak. On rising from its bed, the 
animal stares, staggers, falls, struggles convulsively for a 
few minutes, kicks, rolls its eyes, grinds its teeth, foams 
at the mouth, and sometimes involuntarily voids dung 
and urine. After a lew minutes, or perhaps half an hour, 
the fit subsides, the animal rises, seems semi-conscious^ 
presently begins to eat, and appears to be in good health. 
These fits may occur daily, and then will soon become 



DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 195 

fatal; or, by occasional repetition, they may wear away 
the creature's flesh and strength. 

Treatment.— A few doses of A. A., on the day of attack, 
followed by a dose of A. A., each morning, and of* J.K., 
each night, are the proper remedies. A change of pasture 
and shelter should be provided. 

Rabies — Hydrophobia — Madness 

When a mad dog has entered a fold, it is often difficult 
to determine which sheep have been bitten and which 
remain untouched. Careful examination, one by one, 
should be made; still uncertainty remains. The symp- 
toms appear from two to ten or twelve weeks after attack, 
and are similar to those which appear in other animals. 
The sheep annoy and chase each other, cease to feed, 
lose flesh, are restless, and manifest strong and unnatural 
sexual desire. Ewes become stupefied and paralyzed, 
and die, often without a struggle. Lambs have convul- 
sive fits, terminated by death. Rams and wethers, butt 
their heads against the ground, palings, banks and one 
another; running full tilt, with great violence and fre- 
quency, so as to tear the skin from their foreheads. 
They usually die in from 3 to 6 days. 

Treatment.— A. A. , should be given every day, to all the 
flock, for a few days, then once a week for several weeks. 
If an animal develops the symptoms it should be killed 
at once, since there is no known cure. However few 
animals or persons bitten by supposedly mad dogs ever 
develop the disease. 

Dizziness, Staggers, Sturdy, Turn-Sick, Gid. 

This is a very dangerous and not infrequent disease. 
Its immediate cause is the presence of a small worm, 
inclosed in a hydatid or sack of fluid, and located 
either within the substances of the brain, or beneath 
the bones of the cranium. These hydatids vary in size, 
number and position, being found on the right or left 
side, indicated by the animal turning to the right or 
left, or in the centre of the median line, in which case it 
may turn to either side, or not at all, the animal carry- 



196 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

ing the head down. When the hydatid occupies the hack 
of the head, the animal holds the head high, and runs 
straight forward, throwing itself on any object it meets. 

Symptoms. — As above indicated, the symptoms consist 
of various forms of turning, whirling around or standing 
still, etc. At first, when the hydatids are small, there 
may be but little or nothing to indicate their presence; 
but as they grow larger, they press upon the bone, and 
even enlarge or remove a great portion of it. One side 
of the head may be enormously enlarged, or the bone 
become quite thin, so that the situation of the cyst may 
be thus known, and sometimes a small hole may be dis- 
cerned. The sacks are more frequently on the left side. 

The first effects are: dullness, loss of spirits; they chew 
the cud slowly and carelessly ; they keep aloof from the 
other sheep ; they stagger when walking ; stand before a 
pool of water looking into it, and sometimes tumble in 
and are drowned ; sometimes when eating they appear as 
if frightened, and run over the field as if pursued; the 
head is held higher or lower, or carried on one side; the 
body, in moving, inclines to the same side; the sheep 
appear to wander about, and gradually lose flesh and 
strength; then they begin to turn round and round to 
one side; seem quite unconscious of everything around 
them; the round and round movements increase until 
they are almost constant, and the animal at length dies. 

Treatment. — Puncturing through the skull into these 
cysts, when their presence is known by the swelling, is 
sometimes successful if the precise point is known and no 
other exists. Give A. A. , a dose of two or five drops every 
night at first, and then at longer intervals. Few sheep 
treated survive and unless the animal is very valuable for 
breeding, it is better to slaughter as soon as the disease 
begins to appear. Although this disease is very hard to 
handle after it gets started, it can be easily prevented. 
The worm which gets into the brain is the larvae of the 
tape worm of the dog, which the sheep gets from eating 
grass soiled by the dogs feces. The dog in turn gets this 
worm from the sheep by eating the brains which contain 
(he larvae. The remedy therefore is simple. Don't feed 
uncooked sheeps brains to dogs. 



CHAPTER III.— Part III. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

Cold, Catarrh 

The nose and air-passages are lined with a delicate 
membrane, whose office it is to secrete a thin mucous 
which lubricates the parts. Under the influence of a 
chill, suppressed perspiration, etc., this membrane 
becomes irritated, inflamed, and the discharge arrested, 
or it is thickened, increased, or variously modified. 

The symptoms usually are, the sheep is not so lively 
as usual ; he eats little or no food ; he' coughs and sneezes ; 
a watery discharge flows from one or both nostrils, and 
also from the eyes, which are red and swelled. 

In the more severe form, there is a chill, warm skin, 
quick pulse, frequent and somewhat difficult breathing, 
sore throat, pain in the throat when pinched, frequent 
cough, rough coat, bound bowels, red eyes, and red and 
dry nose ; tears flow freely, and little or no food is eaten 
— all symptoms indicating a catarrhal fever. As the 
animal improves, the discharge from the nose becomes 
white or yellowish, and more profuse. 

Treatment. — When the disease commences with a 
chill, or any considerable degree of fever is present, give 
fifteen drops of the A. A., and repeat it several times, at 
intervals of one or two hours. Then alternate the E.K., 
with the A.A., at intervals of two or three hours, until 
the disease is broken up. 

Cough 

This is usually a symptom of some primary, disorder, 
on the cure of which it will disappear. It may, however, 
be a passing irritation. A persistent cough is BUggestive 
of serious ailment, and, without delay, give the K.E., 
and you may save the animal. 






108 DISEASES OP THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION 

Laryngitis 

Laryngitis, or inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the windpipe, is due to cold, changeable weather, etc. 
It is distinguished from bronchitis (see next section) by 
a characteristic ring in the cough. The open mouth, 
with outstretched head, indicates difficulty of breathing 
and a sense of suffocation. This frequently ensues from 
thickening of the membrane and closure of the rima 
glottidis, or entrance to the windpipe. A. A., a dose two 
or three times per day, is the treatment. 

Bronchitis, or Inflammation of the 
Bronchial Tubes 

This disease is usually the result of exposure to cold 
and wet, or sudden changes of temperature ; it is almost 
always preceded by a common cold, which has been 
neglected or overlooked. 

Symptoms. — Cough, which becomes by degrees more 
painful, frequent and husky; the countenance becomes 
anxious and distressed ; the breathing is quick, heaving 
and obstructed, in consequence of tough, tenacious 
phlegm; unwillingness to move; the breath is hot; the 
cough is increased by moving about, occurs in fits, and 
is wheezing in character; no food is eaten; the animal 
wastes; skin becomes dry, and is bound to the ribs; the 
coat stares and looks unthrifty. The animal may die 
from extension of the disease to the substance of the 
lungs. 

Treatment. — The earlier stages of this disease, or 
catarrh, should be treated at once, as directed under 
that head. Then a dose or two of the Remedy for that 
disease removes all danger. 

Remove the animal to a warm but well-ventilated 
stable, and feed on warm mashes and gruel. 

Give first, at intervals of two hours, two or three doses 
of the A. A., twenty drops at a dose. This will allay the 
heat and fever to some extent. Then alternate, at 
intervals of three hours, the E.E., with the A. A., the 



DISEASES OF SITEEP AND GOATS 199 

same doses, and continue this treatment until restored, 
only that the medicine need not be given so frequently- 
after improvement has progressed. 

Pneumonia — Inflammation of the Lungs 

This disease may be caused by exposure to cold and 
wet; too severe weather; sudden changes of weather; 
cold nights and mornings and hot middays, are apt to 
induce it. 

Symptoms. — Want of appetite; loss of the cud; dull, 
staring eyes ; ears are hung down ; the head is held up ; 
the mouth open; breathing quick, labored and difficult, 
with heaving of the flanks; grating of the teeth; inside 
of the nose and white of the eyes much reddened; a 
discharge, at first thin and watery, afterwards mattery 
and offensive, flows from the nostrils; frequent painful 
cough, attended with rattling in the throat. These 
symptoms gradually become more and more severe, until 
the animal dies. 

Treatment. — The A. A., will generally be found suffi- 
cient. Give a dose of five drops every two hours. Should 
the disease not yield in a day or two, the E.E., in doses 
of five drops, may be alternated with the A. A., every 
three hours. 



CHAPTER IV.— Part III. 

DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 

Tympanitis — Hoove — Blown—Maw Bound 

This disorder-=-is of two kinds ; one due to the evolution 
of gas from the food taken, the other to the impaction of 
the food. In one case the gas produces enormous inflation 
of the rumen, or first of the four stomachs possessd by 
sheep, in the other, distention. 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DISTENTION FROM GAS AND FOOD 



DISTENTION FROM 

GAS 



DISTENTION FROM IM- 
PACTED FOOD 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels soft, elastic and 
yielding to the fingers. On 
percussion, sound hollow 
and drum-like. 

Frequent belching; the 
wind which escapes has an 
offensive smell. 

Respiration quick, short 
and puffing. 

Position standing; head 
stretched forward, unable 
to move; moans, and ap- 
pears in great distress ; eyes 
red and staring. 

Treatment.— This is the same whether the distention 
is from gas or impacted food. F.F. may be given, a dose 
every quarter or half hour. We give the method of 
puncturing, which, however, need never be resorted to 
if the F.F. be administered. 

Puncturing. — Relief is sometimes very urgently required, 
and this is best afforded either by plunging a trocar into 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels solid; does not 
yield readily to the fin- 
gers. On percussion, or on 
being struck, sound dull. 

No belching or eructa- 
tion of wind. 

Respiration not much in- 
terfered with. 

Position lying down, and 
is with difficulty induced 
to move; looking dull and 
listless. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 201 

the left side, or by passing a probang down the oesophagus 
into the paunch. If the trocar is used, let the canula 01 
the instrument be ten or twelve inches long, so as to 
prevent the paunch from slipping away from the canula 
and causing delay, and perhaps further danger. Chlor'nie 
of Lime is valuable after the animal is somewhat relieved 
by the use of the trocar; about two drachms should be 
mixed with a quart of water. In case of immediate relief 
being imperative, and a trocar not being at hand, a long, 
sharp-pointed pen-knife may be used for puncturing. 
The place for puncturing is midway between the hip and 
ribs, where the distended rumen is prominent; the 
direction is inward and downward. The puncture will 
be followed by an outrush of gas, fluid, and even portions 
of food. A quill, or some other tube, must be ready to be 
inserted in the hole immediately after the knife is with- 
drawn, otherwise the wound will close. If nothing 
tubular be at hand, a smooth piece of stick must be put 
in, or anything else that will serve the purpose of keeping 
open the wound till the gas has escaped. The danger of 
this operation is not from the wound itself, but from the 
escape of the contents of the paunch into the abdomen, 
which would cause peritonitis, or from piercing the 
spleen or kidney. The operation can only be regarded 
as a rough one, to be adopted in case of great emergency. 

When distention has ceased and matters have to some 
extent resumed their ordinary course, the animal should 
remain some hours without food or water. The food 
afterwards should be sparing and suitable. 

J.K., should be administered two or three times daily 
until the animal is fully recovered. 

Colic — Gripes 

This disease is not common in sheep ; but lambs over- 
fed with milk, or with relishing herbs, or pastured in 
rank or acrid grass, are subject to it (see following section 
on enteritis). 

Treatment. — F.F. , a dose every half hour until relieved. 



202 DISEASES OP THE ORGANS OP DIGESTION 

Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bowels 

This disease is manifested by the following symptoms : 
Violent and constant pain in the bowels, producing at 
first uneasiness, and then rolling about on the ground; 
the sheep almost constantly getting up and lying down 
again; it sometimes lies on its back, the ground is pawed, 
the belly struck with the hind feet, etc. These symp- 
toms of pain are attended with confined bowels, quick 
pulse, cold legs and nose; the belly is tender when 
, pressed upon. 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLIC AND ENTERITIS 



COLIC 



ENTERITIS 



The attack is sudden. 

The pain is intermittent. 

The pain is relieved by 
friction and motion. 

Debility is not a charac- 
teristic till near the end of 
the disorder. 



The disorder generally 
comes on gradually. 

The pain is incessant and 
increases. 

The pain is aggravated 
by friction and movement. 

Debility is very charac- 
teristic. 

Treatment. — The A. A., is the appropriate remedy for 
this disease, and may be given, five drops every one, 
two or three hours, according to the urgency of the 
disease. 

In cases of extreme distress it may be alternated with 
the F.F., at intervals of a half hour or hour, until 
relieved. But usually the first named Remedy will be 
quite sufficient. 

Diarrhea 

Purging is most common in spring, and is then occa- 
sioned by fresh grass, to which the flock are unaccus- 
tomed ; lambs are subject to a severe and often fatal 
form of this complaint, caused by the irritation of grass 
eaten for the first time. In some instances it may be 
occasioned by cold or by a peculiar irritation of the 
mother's milk. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 203 

Symptoms. — The disease is manifested by discharge of 
various colors, and sometimes very profuse. It is accom- 
panied with loss of appetite and wasting of flesh. 

Treatment. — If the discharge is merely the effort of 
nature to rid the system of some hurtful substance, it 
will require no interference. But if it is excessive or 
wasting, three or five drops of the F.F., given morning 
and night, will usually be sufficient to arrest the disease. 

Flukes, or Rottenness 

This term is applied to the condition caused by the 
presence of fluke worms in the liver or bile ducts, where 
they sometimes exist in large numbers, causing great 
swelling of the liver. 

Cause. — The disease is chiefly developed in low districts, 
and after damp seasons. The worms are taken in with 
the food and developed in the liver. 

Symptoms. — Depression, sadness, inertness, loss of 
appetite; watery, red, yellowish, purulent eyes; yellow- 
ish tint of all parts not covered with hair; foetid smell of 
nose and mouth; hard skin; dull, erect hair; irregularity 
of excrement, which is white, watery and foetid. 

Treatment. — The principal remedies are A. A., at first, 
and then, after a day, alternate C.C., with the A.A., a 
dose once in three or four hours. 

Constipation 

This is rarely of grave consequence, and when it exists, 
is usually a symptom of some other disease. When 
present, a dose of twenty drops of the J.K., given morn- 
ing and night, will soon set all right again. If there is 
suspicion of some inflammatory condition lurking in the 
system, the A. A., in like doses, will have the like effect. 

Dropsy 

Is known as the accumulation of water or serous fluid 
in the abdomen. It is usually the result of inflammation 
of the peritoneum or lining membrane of the abdomen. 



204 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OP DIGESTION 

It may be known by the large and pendulous condition 
of the belly, and by percussing or striking one part of 
the belly, while the other hand is held against another 
part, when, if water is present, the fluctuation is easily 
perceived. It is caused by any exposure or food that 
will produce the original inflammation. 

Treatment. — Give five drops of the H.H., three times 
per day. 

Founder 

Sheep are occasionally foundered from similar causes 
which produce it in other animals. It is manifested by 
the following symptoms: It walks slowly; head de- 
pressed; has no sprightliness ; poor appetite, but great 
thirst. After a time this slowness of walking becomes a 
rigidity, so that it requires great effort for the animal to 
lie down or get up again. The appetite diminishes and 
thirst increases. In the more advanced stages, the eye- 
lids are swollen, the eyes more or less inflamed, and the 
feet extremely hot; still farther advanced, there is no 
appetite, feet are burning and hot, the animal is in so 
much pain from movement that it will only walk to 
satisfy its raging thirst. It drags itself along often on its 
knees rather than walk. It moans and groans, there is 
severe fever, short breathing, and severe beating of the 
flanks. 

Treatment. — B.B., three drops, three times per day, 
or morning and night if the case is not urgent. If there 
is heat or fever, the A. A., may be given as an inter- 
mediate remedy. 



CHAPTER V.— Part III. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF GENERATION 

Abortion 

Abortion or premature birth may occur from three 
different causes : 

1 — Accidental Abortion. — Caused by a blow; strain; 
slipping on a wet floor, etc. 

2 — Enzootic Abortion. — Due to some infectious disease 
of the mother. 

3 — Contagious Abortion. — A distinct disease which 
causes the death and expulsion of the fetus or its 
expulsion in a feeble state prior to the normal period. 

Symptoms of Threatened Abortion. — In the first three 
months of pregnancy, the appearance of a bloody, watery 
or mucous discharge from the vagina. In the later 
months, uneasiness, swelling, heat and tenderness about 
the udder ; secretion of milk ; and straining as if in labor. 

Treatment of Threatened Abortion. — Give fifteen 
drops of G.G., every six hours, and the dose may be 
repeated two or three or more times should the threaten- 
ing symptoms continue after the first or even the second 
dose has expended its action. 

This interval should elapse between doses, as too rapid 
ones may even defeat the object, by over-excitement of 
the system, while a single dose often arrests an abortion 
if permitted to expand its action. 

After a ewe has actually aborted, it is almost im- 
possible to tell whether it occurred from contagious 
abortion or from some other cause, so the safe thing to 
do is to act as if it had been contagious abortion. 

Treatment of Contagious Abortion. — The fetus and 
membranes should be burned. The premises occupied 
by the sick animal should be disinfected as follows: 
Remove all bedding and dirt possible and spray all 
available parts of barn with 3% formalin or b% carbolic 
acid solution. Apply whitewash containing 1 lb. chloride 
of lime to 3 gallons of whitewash, scatter quicklime on 
floor and gutters. 



200 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF GENERATION 

The animal which has aborted should receive daily a 
vaginal irrigation of two gallons of warm water contain- 
ing 2% lysol until the vaginal discharge stops. The 
external parts about the vagina, including the hips and 
tail, should be washed thorougly with soap and water and 
then with the lysol solution as above, twice daily. This 
should also be done to all exposed pregnant animals in 
the herd, being careful not to use the same cloth, solu- 
tion, bucket or attendant, for the well animals that was 
used for the sick one. Give G. G. , at intervals of six hours. 

Inflammation of the Bearing 

By this term is indicated a common affection of the ewe 
during the lambing season, which is generally produced 
by injuries inflicted upon the parts of generation in 
forcibly extracting the lamb from the mother. 

Treatment. — The parts should be well washed with 
tepid water, and Veterinary Oil applied. A. A., should 
also be given internally, two or three times a day; in 
some cases, alternated with I.I. 

Garget — Inflammation of the Udder 

Garget is a disease which prevails amongst ew r es 
during the lambing season. It arises generally from the 
action of cold and wet upon the udder. Lying with the 
udder in contact with the cold, wet ground will produce 
garget; also prevalence of wet and easterly winds. 

The udder swells considerably, is excessively tender, 
and speedily becomes hard and hot; the pulse rises; 
the appetite fails, and more or less fever is present. The 
progress of the disorder is very rapid, and often fatal; 
prompt treatment is consequently required. 

Treatment. — The animal must be removed to a warm, 
sheltered situation, free from wet and cold. The best 
remedy is the A. A. It is the more demandea if the 
pulse is much disturbed and the patient feverish, and 
a dose should be given three or four times a day. The 
lamb must be allowed to suck, or the udder must he 
otherwise emptied of its contents. As the fever abates, 
use the C.C., in alternation with the A. A. 



CHAPTER YL— Part III. 
DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN 

Rheumatism 

Sheep, particularly aged sheep and lambs, are subject 
to rheumatism, sometimes acute, sometimes chronic. 
They move stiffly, as if in pain, look thin and miserable. 
The symptoms and treatment are the same as those for 
the same disease in cattle (page 137). In old sheep, 
only partial relief can be given; they should therefore be 
fed under shelter, ready foi slaughter; if left to graze, 
they may not feed at all. Lambs should be sheltered and 
kept warm. B.B., is the propei and very useful remedy, 
given daily. 

Lameness 

A sheep frequently manifests sudden lameness; when 
it does so, the foot should be washed and examined. If 
there be a stone, thorn, or other foreign substance in the 
cleft, it should be removed, and the wound dressed with 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. For other causes of lame- 
ness, see sections on foot-rot, rheumatism, etc. 

Foot-Rot 

This disease usually results from foreign bodies, such 
as sand, gravel, stieks, or dirt getting into the. clefl of 
the foot, although it sometimes appears to be contagious. 

Symptoms.— Lameness, swelling of the pastern, pain, 
etc.; matter then forms, and unless it is let out, it will 
spread in all directions under the foot and appear ;it the 
coronet; long, narrow ulcers remain, and proud flesh 
springs up from the diseased places. 

Treatment— Examine the foot carefully; remove all 
dirt or other foreign matter; then foment the foot, night 
and morning with hot water for an hour, and then apply 



208 DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN 

a turnip or bran poultice; the hoof should be pared 
down, and all the dead parts, or those likely to interfere 
with the escape of matter, cut away; afterwards apply 
the Veterinary Oil on a piece of cloth, bandaged to the 
foot, to keep it in place and prevent dirt or other matter 
getting into the sore. If the parts are healthy, the tar 
and tallow application (equal parts) is very servicable. 
The hoof will then begin to grow, during which care 
must be taken to prevent dirt lodging in the wound and 
causing fresh irritation. A dose of the LI., every morn- 
ing, and of J.K., every night, will aid the process. 

Pock 

This disease which attacks the same animal but once 
in life, and by preference the young ones of the Hock, 
is one which sometimes occasions fearful ravages among 
sheep. It has its regular stages, like the small- pox, and 
may be mild or malignant. 

Symptoms. — In the mild form, the animal is for two or 
three days sad and dejected ; then, on different parts, 
more particularly on the inner surface of the forefeet 
and around the mouth, small red spots appear, whose 
center is occupied by a pimple, terminating in a white 
point. This stage of eruption is attended with feverish 
shiverings, heat, especially of the ears and nose ; redness 
of the eyes and inner mouth ; the animal is melancholy ; 
head down; feet close together; lameness, especially of 
hind parts; no appetite or cud. The greater the number 
of pustules; the worse the disease. The body is hot; 
breathing short ; a clear mucous flows from the mouth ; 
the parts occupied with pimples, especially the head, 
swell so that the animal cannot open its eyes or mouth ; 
the fever continues; the pustules enlarge, and are filled 
with fluid, first thin, and then becoming thick, yellow 
and purulent. On the thirteenth day the pustules begin 
to dry up, fever abates, pus hardens in the pustules, 
becomes yellow, then darker, flatten, become scabs, and 
by degrees fall off, leaving a dry scar behind. The dry- 
ing stage lasts from five to seven days. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 209 

Sometimes this disease assumes a malignant form, in 
which the pock are very numerous, running together ; the 
symptoms violent, irregular, and the pock soon becomes 
dark -colored. The pustules run together, forming ex- 
tensive ulcers beneath the wool, frequently destroying 
the eyes and entire pieces of the lips and face. 

Treatment. -'-During the feverish stage, for the first 
five or six days, give the A. A., five drops, four times 
per day. Then give the 1. 1., the same dose morning and 
night, until the animal is well. This 1. 1., given to the 
well sheep, will so act as to either prevent their having it 
at all, or only in a very mild form. The sound and 
diseased, or suspected sheep, should be separated, as the 
disease is very contagious, and easily communicated. 

If, however, the disease has appeared in a flock with 
some severity, inoculation is best, quickest and safest. 
Tins may be done on the forearm or other part, with 
matter from a fresh pock, merely dipping the lancet in it 
and inserting it just beneath the skin, not so as to cause 
the blood to flow, or it may wash it out. The advantage 
is, that all have it lightly, and get over it in three weeks, 
otherwise the flock may be six months having it; and 
not one per cent of inoculated animals will die. During 
the disease they should not be kept too warm or be 
over-fed. 

Gadfly 

The gadfly of the sheep (cestrw amis), allied to the 
gadfly of cattle (oestrus bovinus), is the plague of the flocks 
in August and September, as the other is of the herds; 
but it chooses a different place for the deposition of its 
eggs. The locality selected is the aloe, or flaps of the 
nostrils of the healthiest and finest sheep of the fleck, 
while they are sleeping in the pasture. There the e 
warm and moist, are speedily hatched. Thence the 
larvae, ascending the nasal cavity, trawl to the frontal 
sinuses, where they remain, living on the mucous 
secreted there, until their metamorphosis. During their 



210 DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN 

course upward they irritate the delicate membrane with 
their hooklets ; and when then return from their hiding 
place for expulsion from the nostrils in the following 
spring, the irritation is renewed. The irritation, and 
consequent inflammation, pain and sense of dizziness, 
drive the sheep to distraction. The animal stamps, 
throws up his head, sneezes violently, and repeats the 
expulsive effort until the larvae come away with a large 
quantity of mucous. The number of larvae is usually not 
large; but when it is considerable, the inflammation may 
turn to gangrene and cause death. After expulsion, the 
larvae bury themselves in the ground, assume the pupa 
state, in two or three months come out as gadflies, and 
again torment the sheep. 

The treatment of this affection by means of powders 
blown up the nostrils, is often as irritating and injurious 
as the presence of the larvae. LI., should be given 
internally. The inhalation of fumes of sulphur will 
cause sneezing; and if the larvae be not already dead, 
they should be destroyed. 

Fly 

Sheep that are wounded by butting each other, or any 
other cause, that have sores, that are dirty about the 
tail and quarters, are attacked by a large blow-fly, which 
deposits its eggs in the wound or putresence. It is 
during the summer, in sultry weather and after rain that 
the fly is the most troublesome. After a while the eggs 
are hatched, and the maggots burrow in the flesh of the 
animal. Their presence is indicated by local swelling, 
pain and dejection, and ultimate debility of the animal. 
If the maggots are not promptly destroyed and the 
wound kept clean, suppuration, deep ulcerations and 
death ensue. Mercurial applications poison the sheep as 
well as the maggots. The best treatment is to remove 
the maggots and keep the wounds clean, and apply 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil or a 2% Lysol solution. 



CHAPTER VII.— Part III. 

SCAB, TICKS AND DIPPING 

Sheep are infested with two kinds of external parasites. 
1 — The sheep tick, which is a wingless fly, less than a 
quarter of an inch long, and, (2) the acarus which causes 
scab; of these there are several different species, but 
since the symptoms are much the same and the treatment 
exactly the same in all cases it is hardly worth while to 
differentiate between them. 

Dipping 

Dipping is now the accepted form of treatment for 
external parasites of any kind. 

There are three objects sought for in dipping; (1) the 
removal of external parasites ; ( 2) improving the condition 
of the skin; (3) increasing growth in the wool; of course 
the first is the most important. 

Dips may be divided into two classes according to their 
origin viz, proprietary dips and non-proprietary dips. 

A proprietary dip is one which is put up in packages 
and sold as a dip and usually requires little handling to 
be ready for use. 

A non-proprietary dip is one which the farmer makes 
up himself from articles which he buys as crude di 
This is usually cheaper, but requires more handling 
preparing it for use. 

To-day, most, if not all proprietary dips on the market 
have been approved by the Dep't of Agriculture, and are 



212 SCAB, TICKS AND DIPPING 

about as effective as the non-proprietary dips. The 
principal question is whether to pay a little more and 
save the labor of preparing the dip, or pay less and do 
the work yourself. 

All dips come under one of five classes, according to the 
basic elements used; (1) Tobacco and Sulphur; (2) Lime 
and Sulphur; (3) Coal tar; (4) Carbolic acid; and (5) 
Arsenic. 

The tobacco and sulphur dip is very much used and is 
highly recommended by the Dep't of Agriculture. It is 
prepared as follows : For every 100 gallons of dip required, 
use 21 pounds of tobacco leaves and 16 pounds of flowers 
of sulphur. Soak the leaves in cold or luke-warm water 
for 24 hours in a covered vessel. Bring the water to a 
boil and then remove from the fire. Allow to draw for 
not less than one hour or preferably over night. Then 
strain and press out all the tobacco juice. Mix the 
flowers of sulphur in water so as to make a thin paste, 
and pour this into the tobacco solution, stirring to keep 
the sulphur from settling; add water if necessary to 
make 100 gallons. Heat to about 100 degrees F for use, 
but be careful not to heat above 110 as the nicotine 
would evaporate. 

The tobacco and sulphur dip is one of the best known. 
It is cheap, effective and does not injure the wool. How- 
ever it does not keep and must be freshly prepared for 
every dipping. 

The lime and sulphur dip is also a very good one and 
is the dip usually recommended, or even sometimes 
required by the Dep't of Agriculture. 

It is prepared as follows : For 100 gallons of dip take 
8 pounds of unslaked lime and 24 pounds of flowers of 
sulphur. Place the lime in a kettle and add enough 
water to make a paste; sift in the sulphur, stirring 
so as to mix thoroughly. Then add 25 to 30 gallons of 



DISBASES OF SHEEP AND QOATS 213 

boiling water, and boil for at least two hours, stirring 
both mixture and sediment frequently. Boiling should 
be continued until the sulphur has disappeared from the 
surface of the liquid; add water as necessary. Then 
pour liquid and sediment into a barrel with a bunghole 
about 4 inches from the bottom, and allow to settle for 
two or three hours, and run off into dipping vat, and 
add water to make 100 gallons 

This is one of the cheapest and most effective dips, but 
does sometimes injure the wool if it is long. 

The coal tar dips are of two classes, known as creosote 
dips and cresol dips. They are sometimes home made, 
but more often are proprietary. Of these dips, the 
creosote dips are probably the best, for although both are 
effective in destroying ticks and scabs, the creosote leaves 
the wool in a clean, soft and pliable condition, while the 
cresol dip is liable to leave it dry and harsh. 

The carbolic and arsenical dips are losing favor with 
sheep raisers on account of their poisonous character and 
they are not highly recommended by the Dep't of 
Agriculture. 

Sheep should always be dipped twice. The first 
dipping kills the mites, but usually does not get the 
eggs, so they should be dipped again, about ten days 
after the first dipping. 

Sheep should remain in the dip for one minute, to 
destroy ticks, and two minutes for scab, and the head 
should be plunged beneath the dip just before leaving the 
tank, except where using carbolic or arsenical dips. 

If sheep become infested with ticks or scab, they 
should be dipped irrespective of the season of the year. 
Otherwise it is usual to dip them shortly after shearing. 

For large flocks of sheep, an elaborate dipping plant, 
with permanent vat, cooking and heating apparatus, 



214 SCAB, TICKS AND DIPPING 

and herding and draining pens is necessary, but for a 
few sheep on a general farm, a large tub will do and the 
sheep can be lifted in and out of it onto a draining board 
which will carry the drippings back into the vat. 



a 



40" 



Induces Repose, and Natural, Refreshing 

SLEEP 



Insomnia, Sleeplessness, Wakefulness, Restlessness 
and Nervousness. 

Dr. Humphreys' Number "40" Induces Repose, and 
Natural, Refreshing Sleep. 

No Narcotic, No Opiate, No Dope, No habit forming 
Drugs, Strictly Homeopathic. 

Number "Forty" at all Drug Stores, 30c, or sent 
prepaid on receipt of price. 

Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicine Co. 

Corner William and Ann Streets 
NEW YORK 



TART IV, 

Diseases of the Dog 

CHAPTER I. 
GENERAL DISEASES 

Distemper 

This is one of the most common diseases of the dog, 
and one that leaves in its train often very serious results. 
The earlier symptoms are very insidious. There is 
dullness; loss of appetite, flesh and strength may be 
remarked, while purging and vomiting are not un- 
common. To this are added a short, husky cough, 
watery eyes, increased redness of the vessels of the eye, 
sensibility of the eye to light, increased frequency of the 
pulse. As the disease advances, the animal shivers with 
the cold, dislikes to be disturbed, seeks warmth, and 
courts solitude ; the bowels are confined; the membrane 
of the eye covered with a fine net-work of bright red 
vessels; a thick discharge of matter flows from the eyes; 
the nostrils are covered with a glassy yellowish fluid; 
the cough is increased in frequency, and comes on in 
fits, which terminates in the discharge of a yellow, 
frothy fluid from the stomach; the skin is hot. Often 
with red spots on the under side of the body and 
between the thighs. 

A later stage is marked by an increase of all the fore 
going symptoms. The body wastes, the shivering jr 
constant, the eyes are filled with a thick matter, which 
glues the eyelids together in the morning, tenacious 
matter clogs the nostrils and obstructs the breathing. 



216 GENERAL DISEASES 

This causes much uneasiness and frequent but unsuccess- 
ful attempts to overcome the cause of annoyance. The 
discharge from the nostrils becomes bloody and offensive ; 
the breath is fetid; the lips are covered with ulcers; 
short cries express pain; and the animal, becoming 
weaker and worse in every respect, at last dies, a severe 
diarrhea being the usual harbinger of that end. 

Distemper frequently results in chorea, or St. Vitus' 
dance, paralysis, disease of the brain, ulcers on the eyes 
and opacity, inflammation of the lungs, or in numerous 
other ailments. 

Treatment. — The earlier stages, before the discharge 
is established, are best controlled by the A. A., of which 
give a dose of three or five drops, according to the size 
of the dog, morning, noon and night. 

After the catarrhal stage has come on, give three or 
live drops of the C.C., four times per day. This will, in 
general, carry the animal safely and speedily through 
this ordeal. Should other diseases declare themselves, 
they should be treated accordingly. 

Should a general or partial paralysis occur, or inability 
to use one or several limbs, the J.K., should be given, 
three or five drops, three times per day, until recovered. 
(See paralysis.) 

Accessory Measures. — A nutritious and easily digested 
diet is of great importance in this disease, such as — 
milk, bouillon, soup, scraped raw meat and beef tea. 
If much diarrhea, boiled milk. If great loss of strength 
or appetite, alcoholic stimulants may be added to the 
milk or soup. 

Simple or Inflammatory Fever 

Is known by a fever, attended with increased heat of 
the whole body, and with a quick, strong, decided pulse. 
It attacks dogs of all breeds and ages, but most 
frequently those from one year to three years old. 

Causes. — Sudden changes from heat to cold; jumping 
into cold water after being very much heated from 



DISEASES OP THE DOG . 217 

running; excitement from various causes. Fever is 
accompanied with some degree of inflammation, however 
it may be occasioned. 

Symptoms.— The fever comes on with a dislike to move, 
and with a drowsy appearance, soon followed by great 
restlessness; constant getting up, turning round, and 
lying down again; great thirst; hard, frequent pulse; 
hurried breathing; red, swollen, watery eyes; burning 
heat of the whole body ; dry, parched nose ; intensely hot 
mouth ; as the disease progresses the restlessness increases, 
and the dog stares, and frequently becomes unconscious. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., from one to three drops, 
according to the size of the dog, every two hours at first, 
and as the patient mends, a dose four times per day; 
and at the last, a dose of J.K., morning and night. 

Rheumatism — Chest Founder — 
Kennel Lameness 

Definition. — An affection of the muscles and joints 
accompanied with stiffness and tenderness. More often, 
of the chest, loins or back, but may occur anywhere. 

Causes. — Sudden exposure to cold and damp; going 
into water after running fast; lying in a cold, wet 
kennel ; violent exercise. It chiefly attacks sporting dogs 
and house dogs. 

Symptoms. — Stiffness in the fore legs and shoulders; 
stiffness of back, neck, and loins, animal cannot go up 
or down stairs easily, howls when fore paws are lifted 
from the ground ; unusual firmness and tenderness of the 
muscles of the chest when pressed; swelling at the knees, 
with heat and tenderness ; tenderness at the back of the 
shoulder or the ribs; accelerated breathing; impaired 
appetite; dry and hot nose. The animal often limps 
with one paw, trails it, or holds it up as he goes al 
and howls when he puts it to the ground. 

Treatment. — Give, at first, and more especially if there 
is heat or fever, A. A., a dose every three or four hours, 
and later, if the lameness and stiffness is considerable, 



218 GENERAL DISEASES 

give B.B., in alternation with the A. A., at similar inter- 
vals. For simple rheumatic stiffness, give B.B., morning 
and night. Dose, one to three drops, according to the 
size of dog. 

Accessory Measures. — The animal must be kept warm 
and dry, and protected from the inclemency of the 
weather. No meat of any kind should be given. 

Dropsy 

Dropsy is a morbid accumulation of watery fluid 
confined to certain parts of the body, or affecting the 
cellular tissue; the latter form, called anasarca, is very 
rarely seen in the dog. The most common forms are: 
water in the cavity of the chest, hydrothorax; and 
water in the abdomen, ascites. 

Causes. — General Debility, brought on by want of 
food; diarrhea suddenly checked; damp lodgings. It 
may follow various diseases, such as inflammation of the 
lungs, or retroceding skin disorders; or be caused by a 
diseased state of the mesenteric glands, or of the liver. 

Symptoms. — Ascites is accompanied by enlargement of 
the abdomen; the water is sometimes collected in the 
abdominal cavity; at other times it is between the skin 
and the peritoneum ; in the former case there is not that 
tense feeling which characterizes the latter. The 
presence of water may be ascertained by resting one 
hand on one side of the abdomen and striking the other 
side, when fluctuation will be felt. "Water in the chest 
is accompanied by oppressed breathing and cough ; both 
symptoms are aggravated by lying down. In either form 
of the disease there is loss of appetite, disinclination to 
move, the urine is passed in small quantities, the dog 
loses flesh and becomes weak. 

Treatment. — H.H., by increasing the action of the 
kidneys, is often efficient, a dose once in three hours. 
If not efficient, alternate 1. 1., with the H.H., at the 
same intervals. 



DISEASES OP THE DOG 219 

Abscess 

Definition.— A collection of matter, generally appear- 
ing between the skin and the cellular tissue— occasionally 
close to the joint, and rarely (in the dog) upon some 
internal organ. It may appear on any part of the body. 

Causes. — Injuries are the chief causes of abscesses in 
the dog, but they sometimes appear from weakness after 
certain diseases, especially distemper. When internal 
abscesses form, they are due to too great care, too high 
feeding, or want of sufficient exercise. 

Symptoms. — A swelling appears, which is hot, painful 
and inflamed; it increases in size, and finally bursts, 
when the matter is discharged. In other cases there is 
but little heat or tenderness, and the swelling increases 
slowly, and is occasionally hardened. If hardening takes 
place, instead of suppuration, there is usually a sub- 
cutaneous fungoid growth. 

Treatment. — The 1. 1., is the remedy for such forms of 
disease, and may be given, a dose of from one to three 
drops, according to the size of the dog, three or four 
times per day. 

Accessory Treatment. — If an abscess appears to be 
forming, the part should be narrowly examined to 
ascertain if there has been any injury from a thorn, etc. 
If anything is found, it must be at once carefully 
removed, and Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel or 
Veterinary Oil applied to the part. This, if attended 
to in time, will often prevent the formation of the 
abscess. But if the swelling continue, and it is certain 
that pus is forming, it will be hastened by fomenting the 
part with warm water, three or four times a day; if the 
swelling has increased in size and becomes softer, but 
does not break, it will be necessary to open it with a 
lancet or sharp penknife. 

Tumors 

Definition.— A deposit or growth of diseased structure 
confined to the part where it first appears. The tumore 



220 



GENERAL DISEASES 



generally seen on the dog are of two kinds — ( 1 ) indurated, 
or hard; and (2) encysted, or enclosed in a sac or bag. 
They are seldom painful, unless considerable pressure be 
used; as a rule they are movable, and their extent can 
easily be determined. Encysted tumors are the most 
common ; they vary in size, from that of a nut to that of 
a pint measure. They are sacs or small bladders filled 
with matter, smooth and soft, devoid of inflammation, 
and lie close under the skin. At times their formation 
is very slow ; this is generally the case when they are due 
to constitutional causes, a fact which can generally be 
clearly ascertained. 

LACTEAL TUMORS 

Tumors sometimes form in the teat when there is 
obstruction in its canal ; or when the milk is dried up too 
soon or too quickly after suckling. They appear in 
different parts of the gland, as small, movable, hard 
•bodies ; increase in size ; cause great inconvenience to the 
animal; and form an eyesore to its owner. If their 
progress be not arrested, they may ulcerate ; or encysted 
tumors may form, which, if injured by dragging along 
the ground, may have a similar issue. 

Causes.— Bruises; wounds; constitutional tendency; 
diseased condition of the secreting glands. 

Treatment. — Hard tumors are best excised as soon as 
they appear. The operation is simple, and the wound 
will generally soon close up if left to the care of the dog, 
and after a time will scarcely be seen. 

Encysted tumors are also best removed by excision. 
They may also be removed by tapping for the extraction 
of the fluid, and the subsequent injection of iodine. 
Should they become compound, they must be excised. 
On the other hand, when it is known that they have 
been caused by an injury, they will sometimes disappear 
by the use of Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, 
internally and externally. 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 221 

Cancer 

All tumors are not cancers, but in certain constitutions, 
inflammation, indurated and encysted tumors may 
degenerate into cancerous growths. The cancerous 
tumor is at first small, hard, knotted and irregular in 
form ; it then grows larger, and is attached to the skin ; 
this inflames and ulcerates ; and thus the cancer appears 
on the surface. Its edges are irregular red or purple, 
and indurated ; it is attended with considerable pain and 
a most disgusting discharge. 

Treatment. — If in good health the tumor may be 
excised while the dog is under chloroform. But the 
cancer will return. If fully established, the animal 
should be put out of its misery. The best application is 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, and the best internal 
treatment is the I.I., a dose two or three times per day. 

Black Tongue 

During the last few years a disease has been quite 
prevalent in the south which has been called "Black 
Tongue" whether this is a distinct disease or merely the 
symptom of some other disease is as yet not known. 

The principal symptoms are congestion of the tongue 
and mouth which causes the black color, this usually 
leads to ulceration of the mouth and the ulceration 
frequently extends so as to involve the entire digestive 
tract. There is great weakness and emaciation with 
death in a few days. Very few animals recover. 
Besides these symptoms many others have been reported 
but they vary so much in the different cases that they 
have caused great doubt as to "Black Tongue" being a 
distinct disease. The symptoms given might be Dumb 
Rabies, page 225; Canker of the Mouth, page 287; Hock 
Worm, page 243; or Sore Throat, page 2:12. 

In cases of so called "Black Tongue" we would advise 
comparing the symptoms with those ol the above diseases. 



CHAPTER II.— Pakt IV. 
DISEASES OF THE HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 

Apoplexy 

Definition. — A sudden, partial or complete loss of 
consciousness and power of motion, occasioned by 
determination of blood to the head. 

Causes. — Pressure on the brain, from a congested state 
of the blood-vessels. Fat pet dogs are more subject to 
an attack than dogs moderately fed and allowed plenty 
of exercise. 

Symptoms. — Staggering walk, drowsiness, twitching of 
the muscles of the face and limbs ; these are premonitary 
symptoms of an attack; or the fit may be sudden, when 
the dog falls down without power of movement, with 
loud and irregular breathing, and appears to be dying, 
but generally, after three or four hours, he gradually 
recovers. 

Treatment. — The A. A., is the proper remedy, and 
may be given for the premonitions of an attack, a dose 
morning and night. If he has had the fit, give a dose at 
once, and repeat it again after two or three hours, and 
then morning and night for a time, to prevent a relapse. 
Dose, one to three drops, according to the size of the dog. 

Accessory Means. — Wherever the fit occurs, if possible, 
let the dog remain, and apply cold water to the head 
with sponge. After recovery takes place, care must be 
taken as to diet, only milk or oatmeal and water should 
be given for a day or two. 

Palsy, Paralysis 

This is not an unfrequent affection in the dog, 
especially those that are well fed, as pet dogs. It arises 
from disease of the brain or spinal cord, and is some- 
times also the result of disease of the bowels or stomach. 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 223 

Symptoms.— It may occur in one side or part of the 
animal, and is most frequent in the hind legs, which 
appear as if the animal had no power over them; he 
staggers, falls, or lies on the ground, dragging his hind 
legs after him, unable to stand upon them. 

Treatment.— Give the J.K., two to five drops, accord- 
ing to the size of the dog, three times per day. 

In case it comes on suddenly in well fed dogs, from an 
over-feed or gorging the animal, give a spoonful of castor 
oil and an injection of warm soap and water, followed 
with the prescription above. 

Epilepsy, or Fits 

The dog is occasionally subject to true epilepsy, and 
not unfrequently to fits or convulsions arising from 
transient causes; such as teething in puppies, worms, 
want of exercise, and then too violent exercise. They 
are liable, also, to come on during distemper, or after it, 
or from disease of the brain. Small pet dogs are more 
subject to fits than others, as their nervous system is 
more excitable and their lives more artificial. 

Symptoms. — The fit generally comes on suddenly, the 
animal staggers, falls down, remains lying for an 
instant, and then is violently convulsed ; the legs become 
stiff, the face distorted, the eyes roll about, the tongue is 
thrust out, the jaws nearly closed or firmly clenched. 
The convulsion becomes gradually less, and after some 
Witches they cease, and the animal in a short time 
appears well again. 

In true epilepsy the fits recur again at diminishing 
intervals, and excitements may easily reproduce them. 

Treatment. — Give on an attack, from whatever cause, 
from two to five drops, according to the size of the 
animal, of the A. A. , and repeat it once after the paroxysm 
is over. This will be sufficient for fits arising from any 
transient cause; but if the dog is subject to them, he 
must have J.K., alternately with A. A., a dose every day 
or two, and continued for some time. 



224 DISEASES OF THE HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 

Chorea, St. Vitus' Dance 

This is a frequent result of severe distemper, especially 
in the case of young dogs, intestinal worms, disorders of 
the stomach or a weak and anemic condition seem to 
predispose to this disease. 

SyxMptoms. — The disease manifests itself by twitches, or 
involuntary jerks of various parts, as the leg, shoulder, 
face, neck, or even eyelids. Sometimes it is confined to 
a single limb or two, or the whole body may be affected. 
The animal has no control over them, and they are 
manifested sometimes during sleep. He wastes, eats and 
sleeps badly, and may become palsied; at last he becomes 
incapable of any service, staggers, has convulsions, and 
is at last worn out. 

Treatment. — Give the A. A., each morning, and J.K., 
each night, two to five drops, according to the size of the 
animal, and follow the treatment perseveringly. 

Accessory Measures. — Fresh air and fattening food 
such as — rich milk, broth, oatmeal, meat once a day. 

Rabies, Canine Madness 

Much has been said upon the subject of Rabies, or 
Canine Madness, and from the general horror in which 
the disease is justly held, some consideration of it is 
proper, even if we do not possess the means of cure. It 
is an acute disease, communicable from one animal to 
another and from them to man. Occurring among men 
it is known as hydrophobia. Its origin is unknown, but 
it is supposed to have originated from the skunk. 
Formerly it was very common among the wolves and 
skunks of the western plains. The virus affects the 
nervous system of the animal. It is found in some of the 
secretions, chiefly in the salivary glands. The disease is 
communicated only by the saliva of affected animals, 
usually by biting. The disease may break out in from a 
few days to a few months after the animal has been 



DISK ASM OT THE DOS flfl 

bitten; the average time is about twenty-five days. Two 
principal forms of this disease have been distinguished ; 
rabies proper, and dumb rabies. 

Symptoms of Babies Proper. — First change noticed is 
in the dog's gait in walking, either more lively and 
irritable than usual, or more dull and sad; peculiar 
restlessness; does not remain in one place; often quits 
his home and roams to a distance; he recognizes and 
obeys his master at the commencement, and even through 
the entire disease; generally no appetite from the 
commencement; some will take soup, but never solid 
food; they often, however, devour strange things, as 
wood, leather, straw, or even filth; they drink in all 
stages of the disease, as long as they can swallow ; there 
is always a peculiar change of voice, more shrill or more 
grave, always slightly hoarse and disagreeable; the bark 
is peculiar, not in distinct emissions, as in health, but 
an emission of voice ending in a howl ; the desire to bite 
is not constant, but comes occasionally in fits, and vary- 
ing degrees; during the fits he bites everything, cats, 
other dogs, human beings, even his own master, or 
inanimate objects, and frequently snaps at the air. At 
first he is but little changed in appearance; but soon the 
eyes become red; they open and shut alternately; later, 
they are dull, as if covered with dust; rapid emaciation; 
he becomes, finally, very weak, and drags his hind 
quarters, while at first he is strong, carries his tail as 
usual, and differs not in gait from a healthy dog. 

Dumb Rabies is manifested by loss of appetite, drink, 
voice, as in the first instance, modified thus: The lower 
jaw droops, apparently paralyzed from the commence- 
ment; he cannot swallow any liquid; saliva constantly 
flows from his mouth; the tongue often hangs from 
between the teeth; he bites less than in the first form; 
still, as there are times, when irritated, that he may 
close his mouth, the danger from biting is the same. 

There are some popular errors, which are corrected by 
the following statements, thus: Dogs may become mad 



226 DISEASES OF THE HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 

at any season of the year. Female and altered dogs may 
become mad by communication, though the disease 
originates, probably, with entire animals. Mad dogs 
drink in all stages of the disease, if the soreness of the 
throat, or paralysis of the jaws, or flow of saliva does not 
prevent them; they have even been known to swim in 
water. Mad dogs do not always carry the tail between 
the legs, but otherwise, during the commencement of the 
disease; it is however, common in many other diseases, 
and in all dogs when pursued or frightened. Mad dogs 
do not always run in a straight line, unless pursued; 
they change their direction like other dogs, and run to 
objects which attract them. Other dogs do not avoid 
them, but if a stranger, it will be attacked by well dogs. 
Sound animals have no repugnance to the saliva of a 
mad dog, but will even eat meat which is covered with it. 

Treatment. — All the means hitherto discovered to 
arrest the disease have proved unreliable. Belladonna 
and the A. A., may do something, and had best be 
administered in all doubtful cases: but if an animal is 
indisputably rabid, it should be killed at once. The 
excision of the gland or ligament under the tongue is 
only mutilating the animal to no purpose. 

If a dog is suspected, or has been bitten, or exposed to 
contagion, give him the A. A., three or four drops, 
according to his size, three times per day, and inject a 
dose of the same medicine into the wound at the same 
time. Only a small proportion of the animals or persons 
bitten by animals supposed to be rabid ever become mad. 



CHAPTER III.— Part IV. 
DISEASES OF THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

Inflammation of the Eye, Ophthalmia 

It may arise from a variety of causes, such as congestion 
of the brain ; exposure to heat and cold ; over-exertion ; 
blows or other injuries; over-salted food, infection, foreign 
bodies, etc. 

Symptoms. — The white of the eye is covered with red 
streaks; the clear portion in front (pupil) is dim; water 
runs down the face ; the light cannot be endured and the 
eyelid is closed. An ulser may appear afterwards in the 
front of the eye, and it may go on until it penetrates 
through the outer coating of the eye (cornea), and the 
fluids of the eye thus escape. In some cases proud flesh 
springs up from these ulcers. 

Treatment. — The A. A., should be given, a dose of two 
drops only, two or three times per day. This in general 
will be sufficient for all forms of ophthalmia ; but if the 
case is of some standing, or if ulcers or degenerations 
have taken place, two drops of 1. 1., may be given every 
night, and the A. A., in the morning. 

A wash of Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, diluted 
one-half with soft water, will promptly relieve. 



Amaurosis, Gutta Serena 

This disease consists in entire or partial loss of vision 
in consequence of paralysis of the optic nerve, or inter- 
ruption of its communication with the brain. Injuries of 
the head, or ball of the eye, or some disease of the brain, 
are the usual causes. The dog walks cautiously, head 
elevated, the eye has a peculiar glassy appearance, and 
the pupil does not dilate and contract when light is 
brought near or removed from the eye. 



228 DISEASES OF THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

But little can be done for these cases. In the earlier 
stages a dose of the A. A. , may possibly arrest its progress, 
but generally it is incurable in man or beast. 

Cataract 

Opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule, or 
both, prevents the transmission of light, and thus causes 
blindness. One or both eyes may be affected; old dogs 
generally suffer in both. The causes are the same as 
those which lead to cataract in the horse; and to the 
section thereon reference should be made. But little can 
be done by way of medicine ; A. A., will sometimes relieve. 

Pterygium 

This disease, which consists in a thickened state of the 
cellular tissue of the conjunctiva, extending from the 
inner angle of the eye towards the cornea, is not un- 
common in dogs, both old and young. In pups it is 
often cured by the mother's licking the eye; in old dogs 
it proves intractable. It sometimes follows ophthalmia. 

Treatment. — You may give daily a dose, one to three 
drops, of A. A., with decided benefit. 

Eczema of the Eyelids 

In this affection small pustules appear on the edges of 
the lids at the roots of the lashes; presently they break, 
emit matter, which drys into crusts, mats the hair, and 
glues the lids together. If not arrested, the ulceration 
extends and destroys the bulbs of the hair, and with 
them the eyelashes. 

Treatment. — The eyelashes should be clipped off close 
to the eyelids ; the parts carefully washed with a sponge 
and diluted Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, morning 
and night, to prevent agglutination. When crusts have 
formed they can be best softened and removed by fomen- 
tations with warm water. Care should be taken not to 
drag away the purulent matter with force. Give 1. 1., 
morning and night. 



DISEASES OF THE DOQ 229 

Fistula Lachrymalis 

The Lachrymal canals, which orginate from the 
internal angle of the eye, convey the tears into the 
lachrymal sac, an oval bag, which is a receptacle for 
tears. It is situated near the angle, and constitutes the 
upper extremity of the nasal duct. If this duct be 
obstructed, the tears flow over on the cheek and a small 
tumor forms in the sac. This is followed by inflammation, 
suppuration, and the formation of an abscess, which 
bursts externally and leaves a fistulous opening, through 
which tears flow from the sac on to the cheek. 

Treatment. — Sponge the eye with warm water, and 
give A. A., morning and night, if the eye or lids are 
inflamed, or the 1. 1., if no manifest inflammation is 
present. 

Canker in the Ear 

This disease consists of an inflammation of the internal 
ear, followed by ulceration and the formation of matter. 
It is usually the consequence of some injury, but may 
also result from excess of food and want of exercise, or 
from frequent and sudden exposure, as in case of dogs 
taught to go in the water, among whom it is quite 
common ; it may also come from parasites ; fat dogs are 
more subject to it than others. 

Symptoms. — The dog manifests pain by shaking his 
head, scratching his ears, or whining. The internal ear 
looks red, afterwards may ulcerate; a discharge occurs, 
and a blackish fluid will be found at the bottom of the 
ear, sometimes in considerable quantity; there is high 
fever, which, with the continuance of the discharge, may 
wear out the dog. 

Treatment. — Wash the ear frequently with warm 
water, to carefully remove the discharge; afterwanls 
apply some diluted Marvel Witch Hazel. 

Give A. A., three or four drops, alternately with I.J. 
The same dose four times per day; it may be successful. 



230 DISEASES OF THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

Deafness 

Causes. — It is sometimes a sequel of distemper, fever, 
or inflammation of the brain; it is also due to general 
debility, an accumulation of hardened wax, old age 
and canker. 

Treatment. — Examination must be made to ascertain 
if it is due to the impaction of hard wax; if so, a little 
warm water and soap may be injected twice a day ; 
after a few days the wax will most likely be softened 
sufficiently to allow of its removal. If the disorder 
follows distemper, C.C., should be given; if fever or 
inflammation of the brain, A. A. ; if canker, also the 
C.C., a dose morning and night. 

Serous Cyst or Abscess of the Ears 

This affection of the ear generally arises from some 
injury, which is followed by an accumulation of a pale, 
straw-colored fluid between the outside and inside skin of 
the ear. Sometimes it increases slowly, at others rapidly, 
so much so that in a few days there will be a quarter of 
a pint deposited. The best thing is to open the swelling 
at once with a lancet, at the lowest part of the inside of 
the ear, and press out all the fluid. If this can be done 
effectually, adhesion of the two skins takes place without 
anything else being necessary. But if the discharge has 
been caused by a severe blow, it may continue for a week 
or two. Occasionally, if the punctured place is not kept 
open, the fluid accumulates a second and third time ; if 
such should be the case, it will be advisable to inject a 
little warm water, and lay the ear in a vessel containing 
warm water for five or ten minutes, once a day for 
several days. Give 1. 1., also morning and night. 

External Canker 

External Canker is mostly found on the ears of dogs 
with short coats ; it comes generally on the outside of the 
ears, beginning at the tips, and gradually extends down 
to the roots. 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 231 

Causes.— Constitutional tendency; unsuitable food; 
want of cleanliness; sudden disappearance of eczema. 

Treatment. — 1. 1., is the proper remedy, giving once 
or twice per day. 

The ears should be washed once a day with warm 
water and soap. After they are dry, the following lotion 
should be applied with a sponge; Glycerine one part, 
Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel two parts, to water 
three parts. 

Ulceration of the Nose 

Ulcerations of the nose are not common in dogs, but 
they should not be neglected, as they might injure or 
destroy the sense of smell. They sometimes occur in 
old dogs, and emit a purulent, or sanious, and most 
offensive discharge. This condition is attended with 
pain, noisy breathing, attempts to sneeze, etc. 

Treatment. — C.C., is the proper remedy, and may be 
given two or three times per day. 

The nostrils should be washed and syringed with tepid 
water, morning and night. 



CHAPTER IV.— Part IV. 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

Angina — Sore Throat 

Definition. — Inflammatory swelling of the larynx and 
trachea. 

Causes. — Exposure to sudden cold when heated; damp 
lodgings. 

Symptoms. — The first are generally sneezing, hoarse 
cough, ears and nose alternately hot and cold, noisy 
breathing, caused by swelling of the glands under the 
throat and jaw; difficulty of swallowing. The front of 
the neck, especially about the larynx, is much swollen; 
when the swelling is considerable, internally and 
externally, the breathing sometimes becomes so much 
embarrassed that the animal dies of suffocation. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., a dose every hour at first, 
and then every two hours, until relieved. 

Accessory Means. — The frequent application to the 
throat of cloths dipped in hot water; cold water, 
frequently renewed, for the dog to lap; cold milk and 
broth as diet. 

Catarrh — Coryza — Cold 

Definition. — As a rule, coryza in the dog consists of 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. It 
is most frequent among dogs that are petted and kept in 
warm rooms. It may lead to bronchitis and other 
diseases of the respiratory organs. 

Cause. — Change of temperature, especially in spring, 
during the prevalence of easterly winds. 

►Symptoms. — Running from the nose and eyes; sneezing; 
diminished appetite; accelerated breathing; dullness; 
heaviness; sleepiness. 



DISEASES OF THE DOO 238 

Treatment.-C.C., is the proper remedy, a dose, one 
to three drops, three or four times per day. 

Accessory Treatment. -It will facilitate the cure if the 
dog is kept in a warm place for a day or two, not allowed 
to go out at all, and fed upon milk or thin oatmeal gruel. 
He should also have plenty of water to drink. The nose 
and eyes should be sponged with tepid water several 
times a day. 

Bronchitis— Acute and Chronic 

Definition.— Acute bronchitis is active inflammation 
of the membrane of the air-tubes of the lungs. Chronic 
bronchitis more particularly affect* old dogs. 

Causes.— Sudden changes of temperature; standing in 
the cold when heated; cold draughts of air in the 
kennels, or wherever the dog is kept, frequently cause 
bronchitis. 

Symptoms.— The first symptoms of acute bronchitis are 
generally those of common cold; shivering; short, hard 
cough; constant distressing cough, at first dry, afterwards 
accompanied by a sticky mucous; feverish symptoms; 
accelerated pulse and breathing; loss of appetite; dull- 
ness; an anxious look depicted on the countenance. 
Auscultation detects a wheezing sound, or rattling of 
mucous, in the trachea and bronchial tubes. The nose is 
hot and dry at the commencement of the attack, but 
becomes moist when the inflammatory stage is passed. 
Chronic bronchitis consists of a cough during the winter 
months, which comes on after changes in the tem- 
perature, and is attended with shortness of breath and 
wheezing. 

Treatment.— Give, at first, and during the feverish 
stage, a dose, of A. A., one to three drops, according to 
the size of the dog. After the more urgent symptoms 
have been relieved, E.E., may be given, in alternation 
with the A.A. 

Accessory Means.— The dog should be kept in the 
house, and in one temperature, as nearly as possible. 



234 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

A pail of boiling hot water may be placed in the kennel 
from which the steam will evaporate and keep the air 
moist; this will be found very beneficial. Milk, or bread 
and milk, constitute the best diet; farinaceous food, but 
no meat ; fresh supplies of cold water. Meat broth may 
be given in cases of great debility and old age. 

Asthma 

This disease, which most nearly resembles broken wind 
in the horse, is characterized by difficult breathing, with 
intervals of free respiration. 

Causes. — Close confinement, want of outdoor exercise, 
excessive feeding ; it is observed almost wholly among fat 
and petted dogs, from four to seven years old. 

Symptoms. — The disease is insidious in its invasion; it 
begins with a slight cough, which returns at irregular 
intervals, and is therefore likely to escape observation. 
It, however, becomes more frequent and troublesome ; is 
harsh, dry and sonorous, and may give the mistaken 
impression that there is a bone in the throat. It is then 
provoked by every change of temperature, food or 
posture; becomes almost incessant; disturbs sleep; 
produces nausea and sickness; but nothing is expelled 
besides mucus from the respiratory passages, where its 
presence is a cause of irritation. Meanwhile the breathing 
is affected, and is not unfrequently very labored and 
painful. The digestion may be impaired; the appetite 
slight or morbid ; the breath offensive ; the teeth covered 
with tartar; the coat rough; the skin mangy. In some 
cases the dog is worn down by the irritation of the cough; 
in others the pulmonary congestion arrests respiration, 
and causes suffocation; or cardiac difficulties cause 
accumulation of blood in the head, and consequent 
convulsive fits. But the disorder generally ends in 
hydrothorax or ascites — generally the latter. In these 
cases the body wastes, the abdomen is enlarged, the legs 
swell, the coat is staring, the breathing very laborious, 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 235 

till, ultimately, suffocation puts an end to the animal's 
existence. 

Treatment.— If the disorder be treated judiciously in 
the early stage, it is curable ; but if it has continued for 
any length of time, only palliation can be looked for. 
Give E.E., a dose, according to size of dog, two or three 
times per day. For a fit of asthma or bad breathing, 
give A. A., every hour. For old, bad cases, try LI., 
three times per day. 

Accessory Means. — Exercise should be regularly taken 
in the open air, except when the weather is cold, or 
damp, or sultry. The food should be of the best and 
most nutritious quality, given frequently, but in small 
quantities at a time. 

Inflammation of the Chest, 
Pneumonia or Pleurisy 

Inflammation of the chest usually involves both the 
pleura or lining membrane of the chest, and the substance 
of the lungs, so that they may be advantageously treated. 
It is usually the result of cold and exposure after being 
heated; it may also be produced by wounds. 

Symptoms. — Shivering chill, followed by heat and 
thirst; the sides are painful when pressed upon; stitches 
are observed; the dog sits upon his haunches, with the 
fore legs separated from each other, and the head held 
forward; the breath hot; cough short and painful; breath- 
ing frequent, labored and heaving; pulse full and quick; 
tongue hangs out of the mouth; eyes thrust forward and 
red; finally drowsiness, and death. Sometimes the 
effusion of water in the chest is very abundant, when the 
legs swell, and breathing becomes difficult, labored and 
suffocating. 

Treaiment. — Give first, three or five drops, according 
to the size of the dog, of the A. A., and repeat the dose 
every two hours for the first twenty-four hours. Then 
alternate the E.E. with the A. A., at intervals of two 
or three hours. 



288 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 

Cough 

In most cases cough is symptomatic of disease, and 
often indicates the commencement of some serious dis- 
order of the respiratory organs, when it should not be 
allowed to continue unheeded. Well-fed dogs often have 
a dry, searching cough, which, if they are old, degener- 
ates into asthma. Cough is sometimes consequent on 
obesity, when the amount of food should be lessened, 
exercise taken, and J.K., administered. If it be caused 
by the dog going into the water, or being washed with 
warm water in winter, or being confined for some time 
in a low, damp situation, 1,1. , orE.E., are the remedies. 
Such a cough is generally harsh and hard, and accom- 
panied by vomiting of tough mucus. A dose two or 
three times per day is sufficient. 



CHAPTER V.— Part IV. 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

Salivation 

Mercury, in its various forms, is somtimes given to 
-dogs by ignorant persons, or by chemists and dog- 
fanciers, for some real or supposed disease; or it is 
applied to them externally as an ointment for mange, in 
either case resulting in salivation, with the following.— 

Symptoms.— Loss of appetite; sore, swollen gums, 
which are blueish, easily bleed, and generally ulcerate; 
loosened teeth, which may even fall out; constant 
dribbling of saliva from the mouth ; offensive breath ; 
swelled glands; extreme weakness; hair falls off; and 
frequently purging, attended with straining. 

Treatment.— Give the A. A., a dose each morning and 
noon, and a teaspoonful of Humphreys' Marvel Witch 
Hazel at night, especially if there is ulceration of the 
mouth or throat. If not improved after three or four 
days, substitute 1. 1., three or five drops, morning and 
night. 

Canker in the Mouth 

This is a very troublesome affection, and often difficult 
to cure; indeed, if the disease be the result of a long- 
continued local irritation, or the dog be old, it is 
generally considered to be incurable. 

Symptoms. — The gums are swollen, and discharge 
purulent, bloody, offensive matter; "proud flesh" is 
formed; bleeding ensues; there is difficulty in eating; 
appetite and condition are lost ; emaciation and exhaus- 
tion follow. 

Treatment. — When the disease is of recent origin, or 
the dog is young and generally healthy, the mouth 
should be washed out once a day for several days, with 



238 DISEASES OP THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

a solution of Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, half 
water; and give J.K., say three times per day, two to 
three drops, according to the size of the dog. It is 
usually promptly efficacious. 

Diseases of the Teeth 

The teeth are more frequently affected in the dog than 
in other domestic animals. This may be the result of a 
variety of causes, among which are the following : Eating 
or gnawing bones, by means of which the teeth may be 
broken or ground down to the quick; healthy, well-fed 
dogs only pick their bones; rich, sweetened food, which 
has an injurious effect upon the teeth; mercury, fre- 
quently given to dogs, which produces salivation, loosen- 
ing, and eventually falling out of the teeth. Teaching 
dogs to carry or chase hard substances, stones, etc., 
frequently results in diseased teeth, as they are thus 
rubbed down to the gum, and the stump produces much 
mischief. 

Symptoms. — If the dog has a bad breath, seems to be 
in pain when he eats, does not thrive or manifest his 
usual spirit, the mouth should be examined. One or 
more teeth will be found worn down to the gum; the 
fang produces irritation, and may result in an abscess; 
the sides of the mouth are raw and ulcerated, and saliva 
dribbles from it. 

Treatment. — Extraction is the sole remedy for loose, 
irregular or decayed teeth. 

Indigestion 

Definition. — Imperfect transformation of food into a 
state suitable for the nourishment of the body. 

Causes. —Improper food, or food in too large quantities; 
want of exercise. 

Symptoms. — Restlessness; partial loss of appetite; fre- 
quently attempts to vomit, sometimes bringing up only 
froth; at other times a mixture of froth and green 
fluid; foulness of breath; irregular action of the bowels; 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 239 

distention of the body; lying out at full length and 
rolling over; the appetite is vitiated or impaired. 

Treatment.— Give the J.K., for indigestion, a dose, 
one to three drops, according to the size of dog, once in 
two, three or four hours. Often a dose night and morn- 
ing is sufficient. 

Accessory Means. — Attention to diet and regular 
exercise go a long way towards curing and preventing 
this disease. 

Vomiting 

It is such an easy matter for dogs to vomit that the 
least thing which disagrees with the stomach occasions it. 
It is rarely of any consequence, as it does not interfere 
with the health; but there are some cases of continued 
vomiting, in which it is necessary to administer medicine. 

Treatment. — When vomiting takes place daily for 
several days, and soon after eating, it will most likely 
be remedied by changing diet; if it continues after the 
diet has been changed, give a dose of J.K., morning and 
night. Should the dog be bloated or full of gas, a dose 
of F.F., will be curative. 

Colic 

Colic is not unfrequent in the dog. It is often 
connected with constipation, and may result from bad 
food, sudden change of food, exposure to cold, or from 
worms. It is common in puppies. 

Symptoms. — The dog has sudden pain in the bowels; it 
comes on in fits, is worse at one time than another. The 
dog is restless, frequently changing his position; he 
extends himself and then draws himself in with arched 
back, turns his head towards hia sides, throws himself 
down, rolls about, moans or whines when the pain is 
severe, with a short, rough voice. There is rarely any 
fever in case of simple colic. 

Treatment.— The F.F., should be given; a dose, from 
three to five drops, according to the size of the dog, and 



240 DISEASES OP THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

repeated every half hour or hour, as the urgency of the 
case demands. 

Should it not promptly relieve, the A. A., or J.K., may 
be given alternately with F.F. 

Gastritis — Inflammation of the Stomach 

Causes. — Drinking cold water when heated from 
running; damp kennels; continued feeding with rich 
food; indigestion; poisons. 

Symptoms. — Great pain; the dog throws himself on the 
ground, kicks and rolls ; there is constant desire for cold 
water, but as soon as any food or drink is swallowed, 
it is rejected ; constant retching ; dry and hot nose ; cold 
extremities; quick breathing; anxious countenance; 
lying on the belly on the coldest ground the dog can find. 

Treatment. — A. A., is the proper medicine. Give a 
dose as often as every hour if in great distress, and at 
longer intervals as the patient improves. From one to 
three drops, according to the size of dog. 

Accessory Means. — Nothing but cold water should be 
allowed till all the symptoms have disappeared; even 
then great care must be exercised for several days, as to 
the kind of food given ; cold milk or oatmeal gruel will 
then be suitable, in small quantities. 

The treatment of gastritis produced by poisons consists 
in removing the poison from the system and neutralizing 
its effect. 

Enteritis — Inflammation of the Bowels 

Definition. — Inflammation of the bowels, either of their 
whole substance or only the inside or lining membrane. 

Causes. — Drinking cold water when heated; exposure 
of petted dogs to cold; damp or sudden changes of 
weather; keeping the kennels of chained dogs on a damp, 
sunless situation; too long continuance of animal food; 
flatulent colic; obstruction of the bowels from hardened 
faeces, foreign bodies, etc. 

Symptoms. — Violent pain, without cessation; great 
tenderness of the abdomen, which is very hot; the pain 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 241 

is often go severe that the poor animal throws himself 
violently down, howls, springs up again, walks about for 
a few seconds, throws himself down again, rolls over and 
cries out; these actions are repeated until relief is 
obtained, or, in fatal cases, till a short time before death 
takes place. There is also aversion of food, constant 
thirst, constipation, the excrement coming away in small, 
hard pieces, during the first stage of the disease; the 
evacuations afterwards become loose and bloody. 

Treatment. — A. A., is the proper remedy, a dose of 
from one to three drops, in a spoonful of water or milk, 
should be given, at first every half hour, then, as he 
improves, every hour, and as improvement progresses, at 
still longer intervals, until relief is obtained. Some- 
times interposing a dose of F.F., is beneficial, if there 
are loose, bloody stools, or violent pain. 

Accessory Means. — Fomentations of hot water should 
be applied to the body, and continued till the symptoms 
have abated; cold water given to lap; milk and broth 
may be given when the severe symptoms have subsided. 

Diarrhea 

Excess of food, bad food, exposure to cold and wet, as 
well as a bilious condition, may induce diarrhea in the 
dog. If slight it will cure itself. It usually manifests 
itself by sickness, vomiting, thirst, discharges more fre- 
quent and thinner than usual. If it continues, the 
animal becomes thin, weak, does not eat his food, and 
his breath becomes offensive. 

Treatment.— The F.F., will be found effectual. Give 
three or four drops, according to the size of the dog, 
three times per day. 

Dysentery 

Symptoms.— Thirst, purging of fluid mixed with small 
pieces of dung, attended with severe straining and pain; 
often the discharges are of mucus mixed with blood. 
There is loss of strength and appetite, with rapid wasting. 



242 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

Treatment. — Give the F.F., two to five drops, every 
one, two or three hours, according to the urgency of the 
case. 

Constipation, or Bound Bowels 

Constipation is more frequently observed than diarrhea 
in a dog. It may be the result of a want of proper 
exercise, improper food, or some disorder of the liver or 
other part of the digestive system. It is manifested by 
frequent unavailing efforts to evacuate, attended with 
groaning, trembling or other manifestations of pain. 

Treatment. — Give J.K., three to five drops, according 
to size of animal, three times per day. 

Should this course not relieve, an injection of warm 
soap and water should be given, and repeated, if necessary, 
until the result is accomplished. 

Worms 

The entire animal kingdom is subject to numerous 
parasites or entozoa. These have their abode either upon 
the surface, or along the intestinal tract, or within ihe 
cavities, or even in the more solid substances or muscles 
of the body. They are found in all animals and fish — 
those in apparent health as well as those that are sick — 
and part they play in the economy of nature is confessedly 
obscure. It is generally conceded that it is only in 
peculiar or morbid conditions, or under a course of diet 
and regimen unfavorable to health, that they multiply 
or increase to such an extent as to become of themselves 
a source of irritation and disease. It is under these 
conditions that intestinal worms become the subject of 
medical treatment. 

No animal is so subject or so frequently tormented by 
worms as the dog. This is doubtless owing to his highly 
artificial life and the great variety of food given him. 
Intestinal worms are of four varieties; the first is the 
Ascarides or round worm, white or light yellow in color 
and common in puppies. The second is th*e Oxyaris 
Vermicularis, known as the pin or thread worm and 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 243 

inhabiting the lower bowel. The third is the Tenia or 
tape worm. The fourth is the [Jncinaria Trigonocephaly 
or hook worm. 

Symptoms. — All worm symptoms are questionable, 
except finding them in the discharges. Their existence 
may be inferred if the dog has a short coat, bound bowels 
or purging, turns of griping, wasting or fito. 

Treatment. — For the first two classes of worms there 
are two systems of treatment. The first is to give a 
Vermifuge; this kills the worms and expels them from 
the system, however, it has done nothing to relieve the 
morbid conditions that allowed the worms to accumulate 
in the first place and they will return and have to be 
expelled etc. The other system is to remove the morbid 
conditions which allowed the worms to accumulate and 
the system will then expel the worms of its own accord. 
This is naturely a slower process than the first but its 
effects are much more lasting. D.D. belongs to the 
latter class of remedies. 

Give D.D., two to five drops, according to size of dog, 
two or three times per day. Its continuance will not fail 
to eradicate them from the system. 

The Tape Worm consists of a head not larger than a 
pin's head, in which there are four sucking cups and 
their armature; a neck, which is an inch or more in 
length, very slender and without joints; and the body, 
consisting of a long row of flat, ribbon like segments, 
each of which in rectangular in shape and increasing in 
size towards the caudal extremity. These segments have 
each the male and female organ, and at the caudal 
extremity the ripe eggs; there may be several hundred of 
these segments, each half or three-quarters of an inch in 
length, and the entire animal measure several yards. 
From time to time, the lower segments or joints as they 
are termed, ripen, and are pushed ofl", and appear in the 
evacuations. 

The Hook Worm or Uncinaria Trigonocephalvs is a 
small thread like worm, from one-quarter to three- 



244 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

quarters of an inch long, white, with a black line down 
the body, the head has a bell shaped mouth provided 
with six hook like teeth ; by means of these hooks the 
worm buries its head in the lining of the intestine from 
which it sucks blood. These worms are quite prevalent, 
in the Southern States also in Southern Europe and Asia. 
They are found more frequently in packs of hunting dogs 
than in individual house dogs. 

Symptoms. — The disease develops gradually with weak- 
ness and wasting followed by colic and alternating 
constipation and diarrhea. A discharge of bloody mucus 
from the nose and swelling of the limbs is characteristic 
of the disease. Death follows at a considerable interval. 

Treatment. — Both the Tape Worm and the Hook 
Worm are very tenacious parasites and are not expelled 
by Homeopathic Eemedies nor by the ordinary Vermi- 
fuge. Oil of Chenipodium has lately come into promin- 
ence as a Vermifuge for worms of all kinds; this is an 
American drug commonly called "Worm Seed" and was 
used by the Indians before the days of Columbus and 
later was very popular among the Southern ' 'Mammies* ' 
for the elimination of round worms. It has lately 
returned to favor particularly for the treatment of Hook 
Worms. 

The Oil can be obtained at any drug store, 16 drops is 
the dose for a dog of 40 pounds or over, this should be 
reduced in proportion to the weight of the dog. The dog 
should be starved for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 
hours ; he should then receive three doses with intervals 
of two hours between the doses. Two hours after the 
last dose give a tablespoonful of castor oil with a tea- 
spoonful of chloroform (reduce in proportion to size 
of dog). 

Be careful to give the medicine exactly according to 
the directions. A Vermifuge is a drug that is strong 
enough to kill or paralize the worms without killing or 
paralizing the animal ; however too large a dose, or, too 
short an interval between the doses, or, too many doses 



DISEASES OP THE DOG 245 

may kill or paralize the animal as well as the worms. 

If during the treatment the dog appears unusually 
depressed, stop the medicine and give castor oil to move 
the bowels and strong hot coffee as a stimulent. 

Thread- Worms (Filaria Immitis) 

These thread worms inhabit principally the heart, 
lungs, and sometimes the throat and air-passages of the 
dog. They are sometimes found in bundles, slowly 
unrolling themselves when the part is cut open, or are 
found stretched out along the suface. 

The characteristic symptom is a peculiar cough 
exhibited by any movement, especially after sleeping, 
ending in a violent effort to bring up something, emaci- 
ation, difficult breathing. When affected, the dogs run 
violently; they fall down, become stiff, insensible, and 
after a time get up and renew the chase. 

Gastro-Duodinal Catarrh — Jaundice 

This disease is occasionally found in dogs, more 
particularly in fat ones. It may be the result of excess 
of food and deficient exercise, or exposure to cold or 
moisture. 

Symptoms. — The dog vomits, at first a yellow fluid 
which may afterward become greenish and have streaks 
of blood in it, eats little and is thirsty, the white of the 
eye, gums, lips and parts of the skin not covered with 
hair are yellow; hence the name Jaundice or yellows. 
He is sometimes hot, at others cold, the urine is dark 
and the dung clay colored, is dull, sleepy, shrinks from 
notice. and becomes thin. These symptoms all increase 
until the dog becomes thin as a skeleton and at last dies, 
quite worn out. 

Treatment.— Give the A. A., alternately with J.K., a 
dose of three to five drops, according to the size of the 
dog, every three or four hours, as the urgency of the case 
may demand. Old cases of liver complaint simply 
require a dose of J.K., morning and night. 



246 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus — Choking 

A dog sometimes swallows a bone or piece of gristle, 
which sticks in his throat. He begins to cough, is rest- 
less, cannot swallow, puts his paw to the side of his head 
as if to pull something away; the eyes are red and 
prominent ; mucus escapes from the mouth and nose. 

Treatment. — The mouth should be opened as wide as 
possible, and warm water poured in till the dog vomits, 
when the intruder may come away ; or it may be removed 
with a forceps. But if removal in this direction be 
impracticable, an attempt may be made to push the 
foreign body into the stomach with a piece of whalebone, 
cane or willow, protected at the end with a piece of 
sponge dipped in oil. If this fails, it will be necessary to 
open the esophagus. If this tube has been injured, two 
or three drops of arnica should be given in water, twice a 
day. For several days, milk or soup diet only should be 
given. 



CHAPTER VI.— Part IV. 

DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE 

SYSTEMS 

Nephritis 

Definition. — Inflammation of the kidneys sometimes 
ending in an alteration of the secretions. It is not a very 
common disease, but when it occurs it is very dangerous. 

Causes. — Exposure to cold and wet; seasoned food; 
over-exertion; strains; injuries; the presence of calculus; 
the administration of cantharides and turpentine in 
excessive doses, or as a result of infectious diseases. 

Symptoms. — Tenderness of the loins; stiflhess of the 
hind legs, which are carried wide apart when moving; 
hot and dry mouth and nose; great thirst; frequent 
turning of the head toward the flanks; the urine is passed 
in small quantities, with straining, highly-colored, like 
blood, or thick and glairy; bound bowels; feces hard and 
dry; sometimes vomiting; the appetite is lost; there is 
disinclination to move, and when the dog is obliged to 
stir the back is arched. 

Treatment.— Give H.H., from one to three drops, 
according to the size of the dog, once in three hours at 
first, and then at longer intervals as the animal improves. 
A. A. may be sometimes called for as an intercurrent 
remedy, or to give between doses of the H.H. 

Accessory Means.— Cloths wrung out of hot water and 
laid across the loins will be beneficial; nothing but milk 
must be given for several days. 

Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis 

This disease, which is a very dangerous and painful 
one, may be caused by stones in the bladder, injuries, 
fall upon the bladder when it is full of water, or similar 
accidents As a result of infectious diseases, or diseases 



248 URINARY AND GENERATIVE SYSTEMS 

of the kidneys, also too long retention of urine in the 
bladder (dogs kept in the house too long). 

Symptoms. — Hot, dry skin; pain in the back and 
flanks; thirst; no appetite; restlessness and signs of pain; 
frequent attempts to pass water, in which either one or 
only a few drops are passed at a time ; the water may be 
clear, or thick and mixed with blood. 

Treatment. — Give first two or three doses of the A. A., 
at intervals of two hours, then give the H.H., a dose of 
three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, at 
intervals of two to three hours, until entirely relieved. 

Accessory Means. — Liquid diet should be given such 
as milk or broth. 

Gonorrhea, Gleet 

This disease, which is essentially an inflammation of 
the urethra, generally arises from taking the disease by 
connection with other animals that have it, or from 
repeated acts of sexual connection, which induces 
irritation, followed by a gleety, discharge; or it may 
arise in a modified form from uncleanliness. 

Symptoms. — Discharge from the internal surface of the 
sheath and urethra, or canal through which the water 
flows, consisting of matter having a yellowish or greenish 
color, glueing together the parts or hair about them ; the 
surface looks red and angry, and is attended with swelling 
and pain; there is frequent desire to pass water; some- 
times the swelling and pain are but slight. 

Treatment. — Give the H.H., a dose of three or five 
drops, according to the size of the dog, four times per day. 

In old cases, a dose of the J.K., given nightly, will be 
of decided benefit. 

Inversion of the Womb 

This sometimes occurs after parturition, either from 
disease of the womb, or from straining to void the 
placenta. The treatment consists in carefully washing 
the womb with tepid water, and then with the fingers 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 249 

(oiled) returning it to its proper position. The womb in 
these cases' is turned inside out, so that what is the inside 
when in its proper position becomes the outside when it 
protrudes from the vagina. Therefore, to replace it, 
the pressure must be from the part furthest from the 
vagina, and made with careful, gentle pressure. The 
replacement is easily affected, especially if an assistant 
holds the bitch up by the hind legs. After the organ is 
replaced, a little Humphreys' Veterinary Oil may be 
applied or poured into the vagina, and a dose or two of 
A. A. given. Afterwards, if there are symptoms of 
straining, the bitch must be made to stand or walk 
about, and G.G., must be given. 

Inflammation of the Teats 

This generally comes on a few days after the bitch has 
pupped. At first there will be found small lumps at the 
base of the teats, which are very tender; the swelling 
soon increases, and extends all around the teats; they 
then become very hot, and of a deep-red color. The 
sucking of the pups causes so much pain that the bitch 
refuses to allow it. When this is the case, the inflamma- 
tion soon extends over the whole udder, and if it be not 
arrested, suppuration takes place, and an abscess forms at 
the base of one or more of the teats. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., a dose of one to three drops, 
once in say three hours at first, then once in six hours, 
and bathe the teats in Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel 
or if cracked or very sore, apply Humphreys' Veterinary 
Oil, morning and night. 



CHAPTER VII.— Part IV. 

DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, AND 
MECHANICAL INJURIES 

Eczema — Surfeit — Blotch 

Definition. — A non-contagious, vesicular disease of 
the skin, not occasioned by the presence of parasites, 
but dependent on constitutional predisposition. It is 
sometimes termed mange, but is distinguished from that 
disease by the absence of acari. Foul mange is an 
aggravated form of eczema. 

Causes. — Hereditary constitution; insufficient exercise ; 
gross diet; food too spare or too full in quantity, or 
unwholesome in quality ; close kennel ; dirty bedding, too 
hard or too luxurious a bed, etc. Flesh food will produce 
it; so, also, will sleeping on barley straw 7 . 

Symptoms. — The disease begins with irritation of the 
skin, which causes the dog to be continually scratching; 
from inflamed patches a serous fluid exudes, which mats 
the hair and forms scabs ; these fall off together, leaving 
the skin bare, inflamed, red, and discharging a thin, 
watery fluid. This fluid dries in thin scales, which cause 
considerable irritation. The scabs and scales are scratched 
and rubbed by the dog, and are thus aggravated till 
pustular and vesicular eruptions give the appearance of 
general ulceration. The patch usually occurs on the back, 
at the root of the tail, outer surface of thighs or rump. 

In other cases, in fat, over-fed animals, the skin is 
devoid of hair, is greatly thickened (especially along the 
back or before the tail), and is almost devoid of sensation. 
The dog is very foul, and smells very offensively; the 
skin is wrinkled, chapped, cracked, ulcerated, emitting 
disgusting serum or pus; thick, yellowish crusts are 
formed; and the dog lies dull all day long, sleeping, 
licking, scratching, biting its sore places, a disgusting 
object to look at. 



DISEASES OF THE DOG 251 

The disease may be confined to certain parts, when it 
receives the name of the part attacked In sporting 
dogs there is frequently an eczematous eruption between 
the toes and at the roots of the nails, which causes red- 
ness, swelling and tenderness of the feet, together with 
lameness. 

Puppies almost invariably inherit the disease when it 
has occurred on one of the parents. 

As it is a constitutional disease, its duration is un- 
certain, its cure difficult, and its return probable. 

Treatment. — In old cases, give the 1. 1., each morning, 
and the J.K., at night, and anoint, once per day, the 
sore, rough or scabby places, with Zinc Ointment. In 
urgent recent cases, the remedies above referred to may 
be given, four doses in a day. But in general the treat- 
ment first named will suffice. 

Accessory Means. — Strict attention must be given to 

diet ; flesh must be utterly prohibited, except in the case 

of weak puppies, or when the disease has occasioned 

great debility, and then broth will be better than solid 

flesh. To gross dogs a few days' abstinence will do no 

harm; they may thus become willing to take boiled rice, 

which should be offered fresh every day; but if declined, 

withdrawn at once. If the dog refuse to eat more than 

three days, an ounce or two of meat (according to his 

size) may be given to keep him alive, without satisfying 

his hunger. Vegetable or farinaceous food should still 

be offered sparingly, and when taken, the morsels of flesh 

should be discontinued. Do no more washing than is 

necessary. Dirt scabs, etc., should be removed with 

olive oil. The dog's bed should be repeatedly changed. 

and his kennel well ventilated; he should have free, 

moderate exercise in the open air, and be fully supplied 

with fresh water. 

Boils Furuncles 

Boils, which may appear on any part of the body, are 
small, round, reel, hard, painful tumors, witn raited 



252 DISEASES OF SK3N AND EXTREMITIES, ETC. 

centers, from which they supperate. When ripe, the 
boil should be opened and the pus pressed out. Warm 
fomentations will hasten the ripening. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., a dose three times per day, 
one to three drops, according to the size of the dog. If 
the boil is red and painful, apply Humphreys' Veterin- 
ary Oil, two or three times per day. The boils should 
be opened when they have come to a head. 

Louse — Tick — Flea 

The dog louse (trichodecies latus), the dog tick (ixod 
Hcinus), and the dog flea (pulex cants) are sources of no 
little torment. They cause considerable irritation, which 
induces the dog to scratch and rub himself; small 
pimples are formed, their heads are rubbed off, serum 
exudes, perhaps matter, and thus sores are produced. 
Lice are found in every part of the body, but particularly 
on the head and about the eyes and lips. They do 
not live on man. Ticks do not infest house dogs. 

Treatment. — Fleas are best removed by means of 
Persian Insect Powder (Flores Pyrethri), this may be 
dusted on the dog or better dissolved in alcohol or water 
and sprinkled or rubbed on, another convenient way is 
to dust on the powder after a bath and before the hair 
has entirely dried. As this powder renders the fleas 
insensible rather than killing them, means should be 
taken to prevent the fleas getting back on the dog after 
they have recovered. 

For house dogs a convenient way is to stand the dog on 
newspapers while dusting on the powder and hold him 
there for a few minutes until the fleas have dropped off; 
then carefully gather up the papers and burn them. 

For larger dogs m the country the powder may be 
dusted on out-doors and away from stables, kennels, etc., 
and the dog kept out until the fleas have left him. 

The sleeping quarters of the dog must also be carefully 
attended to, the box or basket should be washed with 
creoline or lysol solution or may be washed with water 



DISEASES OP THE DOG 253 

and dusted with the powder while still damp; the bedding 
should be washed in boiling water if possible or if a 
pillow is used it may be placed in an oven sufficiently 
hot to kill the fleas but not hot enough to scorch pillow. 

If the dog is very young or feeble brush the powder off 
after it has been on for 15 minutes. 

Lice and ticks are readily killed by Kerosene ( Coal Oil ) 
For small house dogs, Spirit of Anise or Oil of Anise, with 
10% of Olive Oil, is probably a better remedy. Any of 
these should be applied night and morning, for two days 
and then washed off. Then the dog should be carefully 
combed to remove the eggs which adhere to the hair pay- 
ing particular attention to the face, around the eyes etc. 

Do not attempt to pick lice or ticks off dogs, as very 
often the head remains in the skin, causing a small sore. 
Wait until the application has killed him and he will 
drop off. The bedding should be treated as for fleas. 

Mange 

Mange differs from eczema in being contagious and 
caused by parasites. The eruption in each case looks the 
same to the layman; however mange usually comes on 
those parts of the body where the hair is short and the 
skin tender, such as, the head, chest and abdomen, the 
inside of the thigh. White eczema usually does the 
opposite and attacks the back and outer parts, where the 
hair is long and the skin thick. 

Treatment.— The acari must be killed by an external 
application of some sort, Creoline or Lysol are excellent, 
these may be bought at any drug store, and diluted 
according to the directions on the bottle. For Bmall 
house dogs, Peruvian Balsam is undoubtedly the best 
application, but it is expensive; any of these should be 
applied twice a day for several days, means should be 
taken to keep the dog from licking off the ointment. 

In addition, give the 1. 1., three to five drops, night 
and morning, to relieve the itching and promote :i 
healthy growth of hair and skin. 



254 DISEASES OF SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, ETC. 

Sore Feet 

These may be occasioned by injuries, long traveling 
over rough and frozen ground, or in very dry weather. 

Symptoms. — The foot is swelled, and small, hard, 
painful lumps are felt in it; there is much pain, and 
the animal cannot bear its weight upon them. The skin 
becomes red, and the nails fall off. There is usually 
considerable fever and no desire to eat. 

Treatment. — Bathe the feet three or four times per 
day in Humphreys' Marvel Witch Hazel, or apply 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil, and give, morning and 
night, a dose of three or five drops of A. A. 

If matter forms, a poultice may be applied, and the 
abscess afterwards opened. 

Fractures 

Simple fractures of the leg are very readily cured in 
young and vigorous dogs. It may be readily known by 
the distortion of the limb, by the ends of the bone 
grating upon each other, lameness, etc. 

Treatment is very simple. Extend the limb and put 
the bones in place, and apply splints with a firm 
bandage, wetting the limb with Humphreys' Marvel 
Witch Hazel. Examine them from time to time to see 
that they are kept in place. After three or four weeks 
they may be removed, and the animal trusted to use its 
limbs. Give B.B., night and morning, for a few days, 
three or five drops, according to the size of the animal. 

Hemorrhage 

Occasionally dogs discharge blood from the nose, mouth 
or anus, after a long run, after going uphill, or after 
blows or other external injuries. Consideration should 
be given to the specific cause. Arnica, internally and 
externally, will often be found curative, or a dose of A. A. 
For an alarming hemorrhage, give a spoonful of 
Humphreys' Marvel, 'Witqs H^zel, and repeat it every 
ftour U necessary, 



PART V. 



Diseases of Swine and Hogs 



CHAPTER I. 



Hogs have at times been known to have practically all 
of the diseases common to other domestic animals. 
However, in spite of unsanitary surroundings and 
manner of life, these diseases are very rare, and (in the 
United States) when a hog gets sick it probably has hog 
cholera. 

Hog Cholera 

There are two forms of hog cholera, the acute, and the 
chronic: however, since the only difference of import- 
ance is the length of time the disease takes to kill the 
hog, it is not worth while to try to decide which form it is. 

Symptoms. — The hog has fever ; appears dull and sleepy ; 
lies down and does not want to rise or move about ; 
the eyes are red and bloodshot, with a discharge which 
often glues the eyelids together; and a watery diarrhea. 

Treatment. — There is no known cure for hog cholera ; 
prevention is the only thing. 

In this respect the serum gotten up by the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture has done more than anything 
else to eradicate the disease. 

There are two methods of inoculating the hog, the 
single and the double. 

In the double method the anti-toxin is injected into 
the hog and also a quantity of the disease germp, this 
produces a lasting immunity. 

In the single method the anti-toxin alone is u^ed, 
this only produces a transient immunity unless the hog 



256 HOG CHOLERA 

is soon after exposed to the disease, in which case the 
immunity becomes lasting. 

The single method should be used where cholera has 
already broken out in a herd, to protect the animals 
which have not yet acquired the disease; in all other 
cases the double method should be used. 

A farmer should not attempt to give the serum 
unless he has had considerable experience with it and 
seen competent people properly administer it; otherwise 
call in a Veterinarian, his charges will be less than the 
value of the hogs that would otherwise be lost. 



PART VI. 

Diseases of Poultry 

CHAPTER I. 
Doses and Methods of Preparing 

the Remedies for Use. 

One drop or part of a drop is quite sufficient as a 
dose for an ordinary fowl. One drop of any remedy put 
into a teaspoonful of water or milk, and this put into a 
teacup so as to be thoroughly mixed, is a sufficient dose for 
five fowls of full size, or ten chickens. 

Where a flock or several fowls are to be treated, drop 
ten drops of the proper remedy into a cup, to which add 
ten teaspoonfuls of water, milk or curdled milk, and 
after stirring it thoroughly with a perfectly clean spoon, 
mix this with the meal, grain or bread, or whatever food 
is given them. If the quantity of fluid should not be 
sufficient to properly moisten the food, more can be 
added without detriment, provided the mass be thoroughly 
stirred and mixed before wetting the food. This would be 
enough for fifty fowls. Some will get more and some 
less, of course; but each will probably get enough to 
answer a curative purpose, and none will get so much as 
to be injurious. 

If a bird is so ill as not to eat or drink, and the 
Remedy must be given by hand, the mouth may be 
gently opened and two or three drops of the mixture, 
made in the proportion of one drop of the Remedy to 
a teaspoonful of water, may be turned down, or the fluid 
may be turned on soft food and thus given, at the inter- 
vals mentioned under each separate disease. 

Bread soaked in milk or water, cooked cracked wheat or 
curdled milk is, in general, the best food for sick or 
ailing fowls. 



258 ASPERGILLOSIS — BROODER PNEUMONIA 

Aspergillosis — Brooder Pneumonia 

This disease affects both the adult birds and the young 
chickens often causing serious loss among the latter. 

The disease is caused by a fungus or mold which grows 
on straw, grain, etc., and is either inhaled in breathing 
or swallowed by the chicken ; it sticks to the air passages 
and grows there as it did on the straw or grain, in small, 
yellow patches. 

Symptoms. — In the adult fowl, the first symptoms are 
apt to pass unnoticed, these are loss of appetite and 
increased thirst, then the fowl loose weight ; the breathing 
becomes labored and is accompanied by a rattle in the 
throat from the mucus which collects. This keeps on 
getting worse until the bird dies. 

In young chickens the first symptoms are a sleepy and 
lifeless appearance and drooping wings. This is followed 
by rapid breathing and rattle in the throat and white 
diarrhea, which may be mistaken for the disease of that 
name (see page 269), 

This disease may be mistaken for Anemia or Tuber- 
culosis in the adult, or White Diarrhea in the chicken, 
and the only sure way is to kill a bird and examine the 
air passages and lungs; which will be found covered with 
patches of white or greenish-yellow membrane. 

Treatment. — There is no cure for this disease and we 
must rely on prevention. Kill all affected birds and 
thoroughly disinfect the quarters, and be very careful 
not to give moldy grain or use moldy straw. 

Blackhead 

This disease is particularly destructive to young turkeys 
when from 2 weeks to 4 months old. Other domestic 
fowls probably carry the disease without being themselves 
affected. 

The disease is caused by a very small animal known as 
an amoeba and much too small to be seen by the naked 
eye. These amoeba are swallowed in eating or drinking 
and make their way to the spot where the large and 



DISEASES OF POULTRY 259 

small intestine join. At that point there are two blind 
pouches, and the amoeba stick there and increase and 
mutiply, until the intestine is almost completely obstructed; 
they also pass to the liver which becomes covered with 
yellowish or yellowish-green spots. From the position in 
the intestine the amoeba pass out with the excrement to 
infect more turkeys. 

Symptoms — The young turkeys appear dull and listless, 
and do not follow the flock, and seem to have lost 
interest ; the wings droop and the bird gets weaker and 
weaker ; diarrhea is present and often a peculiar discolor- 
ation of the head which gives the name "blackhead". 

Treatment. — So far no successful cure has been found 
for this disease, and we must rely on prevention. 
Diseased birds should be killed at once, their bodies 
burned and the runways, houses, etc., thoroughly dis- 
infected. Turkeys should not be confined with other 
domestic fowls, for while these do not suffer from 
"blackhead" they are believed to carry it. 

Bronchitis 

Is known by the frequent coughing, and if observed, a 
more frequent respiration than in health, and generally 
a well- marked rattling in the throat may be noticed. 
In the more advanced stage there is discharge, as in 
catarrh, or a slight discharge as it gets Well. Give the 
A. A., two or three times per day. 

Bumble Foot 

Occurs mostly in the large breeds of fowls, and is 
supposed to be caused by bruising the foot when alighting 
on a hard surface, or in resting on a small or uneven 
perch. There is a swelling or corn in the bottom of the 
foot, which softens, becomes ulcerated, forming a putrid 
surface or sore. Remove the putrid or decayed matter 
carefully, and paint with iodine; this may be repeated 
two or tliree times, and give, internally, the J.K., or if 
the foot ia hot and swelled and not yet maturated, the 



260 CHOLERA 

A. A., may dissipate the swelling without its maturating. 
The bird should be kept on the straw and not suffered to 
rest on the perch. 

Cholera 

Usually makes its appearance as a diarrhea, with fre- 
quent greenish droppings and violent thirst, and extreme 
weakness and rapid failing of strength ; the birds stagger- 
ing or falling about, and often attacks of cramps. There 
is generally also an anxious look in the face. The disease 
is sometimes rapidly fatal, death occurring in one or 
two days. 

It is generally admitted to be caused by confining too 
many birds in close, limited quarters; insufficient shade; 
stale, unhealthy drinking water ; exposure to the hot sun; 
feeding on grass-runs covered with droppings, and the 
want also of a regular supply of fresh green food. The 
disease rarely or never occurs where fowls have a liberal 
range, clean runs, good water and green food daily. ■ 

Treatment. — The flock should at once be removed 
from their unhealthy surroundings, and be given a clear, 
ample range, and the F.F., every three hours in urgent 
cases, or three times per day to those who are yet able to 
eat. The yards should be scraped free of droppings and 
covered with clean earth. Disinfect pens with 5% 
carbolic acid or fumigate with sulphur and whitewash 
with 5% carbolic in the whitewash. 

Tuberculosis 

Is sometimes observed in fowls, manifested by 
wasting of flesh and great weakness, notwithstanding 
good feed. The disease is incurable and affected birds 
should be killed at once. 

In large flocks in close quarters where a few of the 
birds have it, it will usually be found that all have it, 
and it may be cheaper in the long run to destroy the 
entire flock, thoroughly disinfect the entire premises and 
stock up over again. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY Ml 

Cramps 

Chickens are sometimes subject to this disease, 
especially in damp, cold weather. The toes are first 
seen to be bent under, and by degrees they walk on the 
knuckles or outside of the foot, and the birds often squat 
on the hock. If it is the result of a cold, and the 
chickens are feverish, as is generally the case, remove 
them to a comfortable place, and give them the A. A., 
three times per day. If it fails after a day or two, try 
the J.K. If the toes are badly cramped, they may be 
washed in warm water and gently opened and kneaded 
by the fingers, and afterwards be wiped dry. 

Crop Bound 

This is caused by the bird gorging itself with grain, 
tough meat or bone, too large to be digested. When the 
crop is so distended with hard food or other substance, 
the outlet is narrowed or entirely closed, so that mechan- 
ical manipulation may be necessary to cause its passage. 
Where the crop is distended with hard food, and is 
not passing off, and help is required, pour some nrilkr 
warm water down the throat, and then, holding the head 
downward, quietly manipulate or knead the distended 
crop with the hand, so as to soften the mass. After the 
mass has thus been carefully softened, pour down a 
large teaspoonful of castor or sweet oil, and the mass 
will be gradually worked off. Food should not be allowed 
for some time. Give also the J.K. , two or three times a 
day, which may be continued to entire recovery. In 
many cases the use of the J.K., will be successtul with- 
out the use of any other means. 

Diarrhea and Dysentery (Scouring) 

Is not uncommon among fowls, caused usually by 
improper food or sudden changes of weather, or sewe 
exposure. In diarrhea the droppings are only too fre- 
quent, watery, scalding or excessive with 'ons^uent 
drooping and wasting of flesh; while, if this condition is 



262 EGO BOUND 

unchecked, the discharges become bloody or mingled 
with blood and mucous, forming a real dysentery. This 
latter form of the disease is said to be contagious, and 
requires that the diseased birds should be separated from 
the flock and the dead ones buried deeply, far away 
from the yards or pens of the flock, and the yards and 
pens thoroughly disinfected or use new ones. The 
treatment is the same; the F.F., should be given, three 
or four times per day. The food should be boiled milk 
thickened with flour, and well cooked, or good bread 
softened in scalded milk. Of course the birds should 
have a clean, dry and well littered and sheltered place. 

Egg Bound 

Sometimes hens are unable to drop the egg from its 
unusual size. This is usually manifested by the hens 
coining off the nest and moping around with the wings 
down and in evident distress. A large spoonful of castor 
or olive oil often relieves, to which should be added a 
dose of G.G. Should this fail after an hour, bathe the 
vent with warm water, and then with a feather dipped in 
oil, Uibricate or freely oil the passage or viaduct, taking 
care not to break the egg. Should the egg passage be 
ruptured or protruded, the I.I., may be given, one or 
two doses, to promote the healing. 

Scaly Legs 

This disease is caused by a little mite which gets on the 
chickens legs and burrowing under the skin and scales 
causes the legs to become enlarged and the scales very 
prominent. 

Treatment. — The best application so far tried seems to 
be an ointment composed of 1 part oil of caraway and 5 
parts white vaseline, this should be rubbed on the legs 
every few days until the disease disappears. The mites 
can also be killed by putting a teaspoonful of kerosene 
oil in a quar$ measure of water and dipping in the loot*. 



DISEASES OK POULTRY 263 

However there is more danger of irritation than with 
the oil of caraway, and very much ho if any of the oil 
gets on the feathers. 

Feather Eating 

This unnatural appetite, mostly observed in the hen, is 
the expression of some chemical want in the system, 
which, not satisfied in the food or drink of the fowl, 
manifests itself in picking and eating the feathers. 
Whatever supplies this want will relieve the expression 
of it, or, in other words, the habit. To this end the 
birds should have good feed and a grass run, if possible. 
If not, fine grass should be chopped up and given them, 
as also green food. Bones should be burned in the fire, 
then pounded small and put within their reach. This will 
supply the carbonate of lime, should that be wanting, and 
an occasional feed of wet-up bran will supply the silex, 
should the desire arise from deprivation of thai. Some 
animal food, well peppered, may also be used advan- 
tageously. Give also the J.K., morning and night. 

Fractures 

Broken wings or legs in fowls may be set without much 
trouble, if the fractured ends of bones are brought 
together and secured. The leg or thigh may be held 
straight, with the broken ends neatly in position, and a 
rag, or even paper wet in white of egg, carefully wrapped 
around it several times. The white of egm hardens as it 
dries, and furnishes a sufficient protection until the callus 
is formed. Broken wings are best secured by tying the 
feathers firmly together about an inch from the end, 
after having put the fractured ends neatly in place. 

Frost Bites 

If the comb or wattles arc frost bitten, they should be 
at first rubbed with snow or icy cold water, until the 
natural color and suppleness is restored, and then an 
application of Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. Two or 
three applications will usually suffice. 



264 GA*>ES, OR THROAT WORMS 

Gapes, or Throat Worms 

This disease is so called from the peculiar action of the 
chickens who are affected with it. It is caused by the 
presence of a pale reddish worm, some three-quarters of 
an inch in length, which infest the mouth and throat, 
and of which from two to a dozen are found in a chicken, 
each usually doubled up. These worms are a species of 
pin worms, and have been bred in damp earth, and 
hence are found among chickens which are bred in damp, 
■m,oist soils, and are rarely ever known when the birds 
have a clean, high or gravel yard. The spawn of these 
worms are deposited by myriads in the moist, unclean 
soil, are thrown out by the coughing and efforts of the 
ones infected, and becomes developed in the most barren 
soil or in water, and thence transplanted to the crop with 
the feed, become developed in the throat of the chick. 
This is the most recent position of scientific knowledge 
on this subject. 

The best method of treatment is to remove, where 
possible, the chickens to a dry locality, and to give them 
the D.D., morning and night. Feed the fowls and 
chicks with finely chopped onions or garlic (tops and 
bottoms,) mixed witfr their food. Experience shows the 
good results of this thoroughly scientific — as well as 
practical treatment. To remove the worms from the 
throat, make a loop of one or two horse hairs, which 
thrust down the throat, and with a slight twist draw it 
out, bringing the worms with it. This may be repeated 
until the throat is cleared. Or a quill feather, stripped 
to within an inch or two of its end, may be dipped in a 
mixture of glycerine or oil, and petroleum, made in the 
proportion of three parts of oil or glycerine, to one part 
of petroleum. Dip the feather in the mixture, and in 
like manner pass it into and well down the throat, and 
with a twist bring it out with the worms adhering. The 
used feathers and remaining oil should be burned to destroy 
the larvae of the worms,, and fresh feathers used freely, 
so as not to spread the worms or their larvae. 



DISEASES OF* 1'OULTRY 265 

i! 

Gout or Rheumatism 

May be distinguished by the birds being lame, "walking 
with difficulty and sitting about, and on examination the 
legs or thighs will be found hot and feverish ; or in cases 
of longer standing, there will be evident stiffness of the 
joints and weakness of the legs, and in some cases 
contraction of the toes, which indicate cramps. The 
bird should be kept in a comfortable, dry place, and the 
B.B., given it three times a day. It is produced by 
exposure to cold and wet, or to sudden change of 
temperature. 

Leg Weakness 

In large breeds of fowls, and especially when being 
bred "in and in," so that the stamina of the system is 
lowered, there is a deficient growth of bony matter, and 
the birds are weak, squatting around or walking on their 
hocks. It may be remedied by giving the J.K. , morning 
and night, and bones or oyster shells should be burned 
in the fire, and then pounded small, and the dust 
occasionally mixed with the food or placed where the 
fowls have access to it. This will increase the deposit of 
ossific matter and impart strength to the legs. 

Giddiness 

Which is liable to occur in over-fed birds, if suffered 
to continue, may result in apoplexy. A dose or two of 
the A. A., will equalize the circulation and remove the 
difficulty and danger. 

Lice 

The symptoms of lice are too well known to require 
description. Where fowl have ample range and well 
ventilated, sunny coops, the fowl will usually keep fairly 
clear of lice, particularly if they can find a sandy spot 
for a dust bath. 



266 INDIGESTION — LOSS OP APPETITE 

However, if a flock becomes badly infested, measures 
must be taken to kill the lice on the individual birds. 
This is best done by sprinkling powder on the bird. 
Pyrethrium powder commonly called Persian Insect 
Powder, is good, or, the following powder is recommended 
by the Maine Experiment Station, as being the most 
effective, yet cheapest, that they have been able to find. 

Take 3 parts gasoline and 1 part cresol, mix these 
together and add gradually with stirring enough plaster 
of paris to take up all the moisture. 

Either of these powders should be dusted on the 
chicken, particularly around the vent, the under side of 
the body and beneath the wings. 

For young chicks greasing is usually better than dust- 
ing. Use either lard, or better, lard and sulphur. This 
should be applied by the finger, to the head, neck, under 
the wings and around the vent. 

Indigestion — Loss of Appetite 

If, as sometimes happens in consequence of over- 
feeding or the use of too highly seasoned food, fowls lose 
their appetite, and the digestion and thrift is impaired, a 
change to soft, well cooked food, and the use, night and 
morning, of the J.K., will soon correct the difficulty. 

Liver Disease 

There are several different diseases that affect the liver, 
but since the external symptoms, causes and treatment 
are the same for all of them, it is of no practical value 
to differentiate between them. 

Liver disease is caused by insufficient exercise, confine- 
ment in damp quarters, and too rich feed. Therefore it 
is not so common in Summer and Fall, and is most 
common in the Spring after the fowl have been more or 
less confined during the winter. 

Symptoms. — The fowl die often with little apparent 
reason, but on examination the liver will be found either 
too large or too small, or in other unnatural condition. 



DISK ASKS OF POULTRY 267 

Treatment.— Henty of open air exercise, with green 
feed will gradually get the flock back in shape, except 
perhaps for a few in which the disease has already gone 
too far to stop it. 

Moulting 

*We should take into consideration the great drain 
upon the system of fowls in moulting. Not only are the 
ordinary wastes of the body to be maintained, but the 
old summer coat of feathers is to be discarded and an 
entirely new one to be produced, involving in its growth 
all the essential elements of which the feathers are 
composed. If these substances — lime, carbon, sulphur, 
silex, etc. — are not to be had in the food provided for 
them, or are imperfectly produced or eliminated, the 
work drags and the organism suffers, and waste of flesh, 
poverty of the system or illness is the result. Hence it is 
a wise precaution, during the season of moulting, to 
allow the flock a more generous supply of food, and of 
better quality than usual, and to exercise more than 
ordinary care in housing and shelter. Fowls that have 
fair feed and a reasonable range will rarely require 
special care, but those confined are more apt to sutler. 
Any stimulating food is of advantage. Hemp seed is 
very beneficial, and iron is invaluable. An acetate of iron 
may be readily made by putting some nails or other bits 
of iron in eider. This, after standing a day or two, may 
be used in mixing the feed. More cider may be added 
as required, and so the cider and iron may be kept and 
used during the entire moulting season. The I.I., is the 
proper remedy, and should also be given two or three 
times per week, or even more frequently if the birds are 
suffering much. t 

A little care and attention in this respect will shorten 
the period of moulting and bring the birds out in better 
health and vigor and better plumage, 



2(38 PIP OR CHIRP 

Pip or Chirp 

Young chickens are affected by a peculiar form of 
disease termed- pip or chirp, from the short, spasmodic 
chirups which they make during the complaint. The 
chickens mope about uttering this peculiar cry, and seek 
refuge in solitary places, as it is the instinct of animals 
and birds to pick at, maim or destroy the sick or maimed 
among them. The chicken is hot and feverish, although 
trembling violently, and they are extremely tender on 
being handled, and soon a dark-colored, dry, horny 
scale will be found at the end of the tongue, and the 
beak may turn yellow at the base ; the appetite fails and 
the plumage decomes ruffled, and they gradually sink 
and die. It is doubtless caused by exposure to wet 
weather, as the light down is easily saturated, and is 
long in drying. The A. A., may be given at first, one or 
two doses, and afterwards the J.K., three times per day. 
The removal of the scale at the end of the tongue is of no 
consequence. That is not the cause of the disease, but 
the result, and the tongue will come all right so soon 
as the chick is restored in his circulation and digestion. 
Of course the birds should be well housed and fed on 
soft food. 

Roup 

Almost all forms of chronic catarrh in fowls go by the 
name of roup. It usually begins as a severe cold, caused 
by exposure to cold, wet and damp. There is discharge 
from the nostrils, at first of thin mucus, and which soon 
becomes opaque, and even offensive, and the entire 
cavity of the nose may become* filled up; froth and 
mucus fill the inner angle of the eye, the lids are swelled 
and often the eye-ball quite concealed, and in severe 
cases the entire face is considerably swelled. It is said 
to be contagious, but is probably only so in extremely 
virulent cases. But the fact that a flock of fowls are 
exposed to similar disease-making conditions, and that 
many are taken nearly at the same time, would counte- 



DISEASES OF POULTRY 



nance the idea of its contagious character. The causes 
of the disease should be avoided by providing shelter for 
chickens during the cold, chilly, fall nights, and not 
permitting them to wander around without feed in the 
cold, raw mornings. A plentiful supply of nourishing 
food and comfortable shelter when sudden cold changes 
of weather occur, will do much to prevent the appearance 
of this disease and the consequent loss. The iron and 
cider with the food will be useful, and onions cut up fine 
and mixed in the sott feed, is also an invaluable agent 
for fowls affected with any form of roup. The A. A., is 
the proper remedy, two or three doses at first, during the 
inflammatory stage. Then the C.C., is the proper 
remedy, and may be relied upon. Give it as often as 
three, or even four times per day, in extreme cases. Of 
course the severe cases should be well housed, have warm 
and dry lodgings, free from exposure to open windows 
and cold drafts of air, as the bird is liable to new chill 
from fresh exposure. Washing the head and syringing 
out the nose, and washing the throat with salt and 
vinegar, or even with water and castile soap, is rarely 
necessary and really of very little consequence. As the 
catarrh passes off, the secretions will become healthy 
and natural, and all these discharges disappear. 

Soft Eggs 

May be a sign of over-feeding, but are more commonly 
from the want of material of which to form the shell- 
lime, starch, sulphur, etc. The flock should have an 
occasional feed of mashed potatoes and lime; old mortar; 
burnt oyster shells, pounded up, should be placed in 
reach. An occasional dose of J.K., will be beneficial. 

White Diarrhea 

This disease probably causes more loss among newly 
hatched chicks than all other diseases combined. It 
attacks chicks when from 1 to 3 weeks old, and usually 
when the chicks are over 3 weeks old they are safe from it. 



270 WHITE DIARRHEA 

. White Diarrhea is caused by a germ, and when a flock 
have this disease, it will be found that some of the chicks 
were born with this disease and gave it to the others. 

When a flock of chicks have this disease, most of them 
will die, but a few live through, and it is found that 
these few who live through are the ones that carry the 
disease. The germs in this case resides in the ovaries 
and are in every egg such a hen lays. The chicks 
hatched from these eggs develop the disease and communi- 
cate it to the others. 

Symptoms. — The chicks appear stupid and remain 
under the hen most of the time as if cold ; they do not 
run around with the others but remain by themselves. 
The feathers are rough and the wings droop. They lose 
weight and eat little or nothing. A white diarrhea 
appears from which the disease gets its name; this is 
usually creamy, but sometimes there is a little brown in 
it. This discharge is sticky and sometimes even plugs 
up the vent. The chick will often utter a shrill cry, 
apparently of pain when voiding. 

Treatment. — No satisfactory cure has yet been found 
for this disease and we must rely on prevention. 

Where eggs are hatched under a hen, if one of a 
setting develops this disease, the entire setting should be 
killed and the nest and quarters of the setting disinfected. 

In using incubators, the eggs should be taken on the 
18th day and placed in wire trays or baskets, holding 
about 12 eggs each, and after the chicks are hatched 
they should remain in these trays until 48 hours old, 
then any trays that have developed the disease should 
be destroyed. 




Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 

Prices of Single Bottles 

Single Bottle. Small $ .60 

Single Bottle, Medium 2.00 

Single Bottle, Large 3.00 

Prices of Stable Cases 

Stable Case, Handle. Lock and Kev\ containing Veterin- 
ary Manual. Ten bottles Remedies. Jar Veterinary Oil 
and Medicator complete T.OO 

Stable Case Handle, Lock and Key. containing Veterin- 
ary Manual, Teu medium size bottles Remedies Jar 
Veterinary Oil, and Medicator, complete 20.00 

Stable Case. Handle, Lock and Key containing Veterin- 
ary Manual, Ten large size bottles Remedies. Jar 
Veterinary Oil, and Medicator, complete 30.00 

Jar Veterinary Oil 1 .00 

Humphreys' Veterinary Manual .SO 

Medicator (for administering' Remedies) .26 

Sold by all druggists, or sent on receipt of price 
or CO.D. Parcel Post. 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 

Cor. William and Ann St»., New York 

271 





SKETCH OF A HORSE, 


Showing the principal points 


and the external parts 




to be examined for injuries, 


defects and diseases. 


1. 


Muzzle. 


20. 


Coronet. 


2. 


Place of Fistula from Teeth. 


21, 


21. Heel. 


3. 


Place of Mumps. 


22. 


Contracted Hoof. 


«■ 


Place of Poll-eviL 


23. 


Mallenders. 


5. 


Angle of Jaw. 


24. 


Sallenders. 


c, 


6. Crest. 


25. 


Seat of Splint, or Exostosis, 


7. 


Place of Fistula from Vein. 




on Side of Cannon-bone. 


8. 


Throttle, Thropple or Wind- 


28, 


26, 26. Seat of Bursal En- 




pipe. 




largements. 


9. 


Shoulder - point : place of 


27. 


Back, or spine. 




Sores from Harness. 


28. 


Place of Saddle-galls. 


10, 


10. Shoulder-blade. 


29, 


29. Girth, or Circumference 


11. 


Withers; sometimes the seat 




in Measurement. 




of Fistula: height of horses 


30. 


Place of Injury from Pres- 




reckoned from the Ground 




sure of Girth. 




to the Withers. 


31. 


Barrel, or Middle-pieoe, 


12. 


Front of Chest, Bosom, or 
Breast. 


32. 


Loins. 






3% 


Croup. 


13, 


13. The True Arm. (See 








Skeleton.) 


34 


Haunch. 


14, 


Elbow; often the seat of 


35. 


Flank. 




Tumours. 


36. 


Seat of Warts. 


15. 


Arm, or Fore-arm. 


37. 


Sheath, or Prepuce. 


16. 


Knee, or Wrist; may be 


33, 


38. Gas-skin, or Lower Thigh 




swelled, having a fungous 


39. 


Root of the Dock, or TaiL 




growth; or the skin may 


40. 


Hip-joint— Round or Whirl- 




.have been broken — evi- 




bone. 




dence of a fall. 


41. 


Rat-taiL 


17, 


17. Back Sinew: place of 


42. 


The Quarters. 




Curb. 


43. 


Point of the Hock; seat of 


18. 


Place of Disease of Skin 




Capped-hock. 




above the Coronet — Crown 


44. 


44. Cannon-bone. 




scab. 


45. 


Place of Spavin. 


19, 

1 


19. Fetlock, or Pastern Joint 


46, 


46. Hoof. 




ts 



CO 







rt © 

-I 



E 5 > " 



p 






m 


H g- . P . 












c . 2 o o 










c 


a ^3 ja 




u 






« 


- S 5 


e 







.". 


■B 


£■ o a o a 


■ a 


cS t.' 




c 
"3 


O so 

E H 


S ^ i- 
2 ^2 _-» 




2 S 


s 


o 


cS -o 


~ c a "* a 


* 9 


- Px 


t- 





09 « 




O H 


US '- 




09 


o o 


J ri n 


* «,' 








H 


— ** - 1 





Humphreys' Veterinary Oil 

An Ointment For 
External use on Dumb Animals 

For Burns or Scalds : Sores or Indolent Ulcers . Sore 
Scabby, Harness. Collar or Saddle Galls or ChafingH. 
Sore Teats; Fistulas or Deep-Seated Ulcers. Broken 
Knees or Open Joints; Old] Sores; Horny Places or 
AVarts; Hot Swellings, Boils, Scratches; Greased or 
Cracked Heels; Broken Hoof, Sand or Quarter Crack 
Corns; Tender or Bruised Soles; Dry Shaly or 111 - 
Growing Hoofs; Castration Docking. Dehorning etc. 

Large Jar, price - - - - $1 00 

Sold by all druggists, or sent on receipt of price, 
or C.O.D Parcel Post 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 

Corner William and Ann Streets 
NEW YORK 



m 



HUMPHREYS' 

MARVEL 

WITCH HAZEL 



TKADC^MAftKl 



This Medicine is a pure distillation of the well 
known shrub Harnamelis Virginica, commonly known as 
the Witch Hazel. 



As a family remedy, always useful, always ready, 
never injurious, always reliable, does not poison or 
irritate, stain or injure. Is used as an external remedy 
or a lotion to apply. 

For Wounds, Bruises, Contusions; Burns or Scalds ; 
Piles, internal or external; Rheumatic Lameness, Sore- 
ness, or Stiffness; Excoriated or Sore Nipples; Sun- 
burns, Mosquito Bites, Corns, Sore Feet; Sore Throat; 
A toilet article for shaving or bathing. 

Sold by all druggists, or sent on receipt of price, 
or C.O.D. Parcel Post. 

Full Measure Guaranteed 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 

Cor. William and Ann Sts., New York 

276 



HUMPHREYS' 

Witch Hazel Ointment 

(COMPOUND.) 
"THE PILE OINTMENT" 

One Application Gives Relief Sample Mailed Free. 

In Humphreys Witch Hazel Ointment (Comp. ) 
you have not only the virtues of the Witch Hazel, but 
also an Anti-Septic and Anti-Microbic — a remedy of 
great efficiency and celerity. 

For Piles. Hemorrhoids, Blind or Bleeding, External 
or Internal and Itching or Bleeding of the Rectum: 
Ulcerations, Eruptions. Cracks or Fissures of the anus or 
rectum; Charings, Dryness, Irritations. Itching. Excori- 
ation of the skin, Burns and Scalds; Chapped Hands, 
Fever Blisters, Boils. Corns. Bunions Sore and Lame 
Feet; An emollient or application for Swelled Face, 
Swelled Ankle, Knee. 'Foot or Joints, from Rheumatism. 

For further information see Witch Hazel Ointment 
(Comp ) Book. 

Sold by all druggists, or sent on receipt of price, 
or C.O.D. Parcel Post. 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 

Cor William and Ann Sts„ New York 



277 



Humphreys' 
Homeopathic Remedies 

No. FOR 

1 Fevers, Congestions, Inflammations 

2 Worms, Worm Fever or Worm Diseases 

3 Colic, Crying and Wakefulness of Infants 

4 Diarrhea, of Children and Adults 

5 Dysentery, Gripings, Bilious Colic 

6 Cholera Morbus, Vomiting 

7 Coughs, Colds. Bronchitis 

8 Toothache, Faceache, Neuralgia 

9 Headache, Sick Headache, Vertigo 

10 Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Weak Stomach 

1 1 Suppressed Menses or Scanty 

12 Leucorrhea or Profuse Menses 

13 Croup, Hoarse Cough, Laryngitis. 

14 Eczema, Eruptions, Erysipelas. 

1 5 Rheumatism, Lumbago. 

1 6 Malaria, Fever and Ague 

1 7 Piles, Blind or Bleeding, External, Internal 

1 8 Ophthalmia, Sore or Inflamed Eyes 

19 Catarrh, Influenza, Cold in the Head 

20 Whooping Cough, Spasmodic Cough 

2 1 Asthma, Oppressed, Difficult Breathing 

22 Ear Discharge, Earache 

23 Swellings and Enlarged Glands 

24 General Debility, "Tonic Tablets" 

25 Dropsy, Fluid Accumulations 

26 Nausea, Vomiting, Sea-Sickness 

27 Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary System 

28 Nervous Prostration 

29 Sore Mouth, Canker, Fever Blisters 

30 Urinary Incontinence, Wetting Bed 

3 1 Painful Menses, Pruritus 

32 Disorders of the Heart, Palpitations 

33 Spasms or Convulsions 

34 Sore Throat and Quinsy 

35 Chronic Congestions, Headache 

40 Induce* Repose and Natural Refreshing Sleep 
77 Grip, La Grippe, Grippe 

Sold by all druggists, or sent on receipt of price, 
or C.O.D. Parcel Post. 

Humphreys' Homeo. Medicine Company 
Cor, William and Ann Sts., New York 



Humphreys' Remedies 

for 

Family Use. 



No. 1 — For Fevers, Congestions and In- 
flammations; Heat, Pain; Inflammation and 
Congestion of the Head; Inflammation of the Eyes; 
Inflammation of the Throat, or Quinsy, alone, or in 
alternation with No. 34; or Inflammation of the 
Chest; Inflammation of the Liver and of the Bowels; 
Fevers of Children; Measles; Inflammatory, Bilious or 
Gastric Fever; Effects of being Over-heated; Violent 
Throbbing Headaches. The first stage of any inflam- 
matory disease or Fever, Measles, Croup, Mumps, Cough, 
or Cold or Sore Throat, calls for No. 1. 

No. 2— For Worm Diseases, Worm Fevers; 
Worm Colic; Itching of the Anus, or Wetting the 
Bed from Worms; Irregular or Capricious Appetite, 
or Emaciation from Worms; Long Bound Worms; 
Pin Worms. 

No. 3— For Infants Diseases, Sleepless- 
ness, Colic and Crying of Infants or young 
Children, such as Restlessness; Irritation and Congestion 
from Teething and Feebleness of Infants; Irregular 
Teething; Diarrhea of Infants. 

No. 4— For Diarrhea or Loose Bowels, 

in Children or Adults; Summer Complaint or 
Cholera Infantum; Thin, Loose, Yellowish Green 
ish or Watery Stools, Diarrhea from Indigestible *ood; 
Diarrhea from the use of Fruit; Diarrhea from Traveling 
or Change of Water; Painful Diarrhea, Chronic Diarrhea 
or Loose Bowels. 

No. 5— For Dysentery, Colic, Patofd or 
Bloody Diarrhea; Fall Dysentery or Bloody h lux ; 
Slimy, Scanty Mucus; Greenish and Bloody btoote. 
attended with violent Colic or Straining and Tenesmus 
Painful Diarrhea; Colic; Bilious Colic; Hemorrhoidal 
Colic. 

279 



No. 6 — For Cholera Morbus; Nausea and 
Vomiting; Sickness at the Stomach; Vomiting; with 
Diarrhea; Thin, Loose, Urgent or Rice-Water Stools, 
with vomiting, Coldness, Paleness, Blue Lips and 
Cramps; Morning Sickness. 

No. 7— For Coughs, Bronchitis, Cough, with 
Pain and Stitches in the side or Breast; Cough with Pain 
or Soreness in the Throat and Bronchia; Hoarseness or 
loss of Voice in Clergymen; given after or in alternation 
with No. 1. Chronic Bronchitis or Laryngitis, with 
Cough. Hoarseness, Loss of Voice or Weak Voice, Scanty 
Expectoration Often used in alternation with No. 1 5 
especially if there is heat or fever. 

No. 8 — For Neuralgia, Toothache, Face- 
ache, Nervous Pains, Toothache in Sound Teeth, 
or in Old Decayed Teeth: Toothache in Children; Face- 
ache; Tic Douloureux; Swelled Face; Darting. Sharp or 
Stinging Pains; Neuralgic Pains; Old Neuralgia. 

No. 9— For Headaches, Vertigo, Sick 
Headaches, Congestion to the Head; Bilious 
Headaches; Nervous Headaches and Sick Headaches, 
with Nausea and Vomiting; Congestive Headaches, also 
No. 1; Vertigo or Dizziness; Swimming of the Head; 
Heat, Heaviness or Fullness of the Head, also No. 1. 
Often used in alternation with No. 1, for Congestive 
Headaches, or with No. 10 for Bilious Headaches 

No. 10— For Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Con- 
stipation and Bilious Complaints; Weak 
Stomach, rising of Food; Water Brash, Coated Tongue, 
Loss of Appetite, Loathing of Food; Constipation, or 
Costive Bowels; Scanty, Knotty, Small Hard Dry or 
Insufficient Stools, Biliousness Yellow or Earthy Com- 
plexion; Bad Taste in the Mouth; No Appetite, Drowsi- 
ness, and Costive Bowels, Acid Stomach Everything 
eaten becomes Sour; Old Chronic Dyspepsia, when 
everything disagrees; Headache from Indigestion; 
Chronic Constipation; Flatulence and Bloating of the 
Abdomen after eating. 

No. 11— For Female Irregularities; De- 
laying, Scanty or Painful Menses; Delaying or 
too Tardy or Late-appearing Menses; Suppressed or 
Obstructed Menses, from cold, fright, weakness or 
morbid cause; too Scanty, too Pale, or Colorless Menses; 
Green Sickness or Chlorosis; Headache or Colic Pains 

280 



during the Menses: Intermitting or Irregular Menses; 
Leucorrhea, with Scanty or Delayed Menses. 

No. 12— For Whites, or Leucorrhea; Too 
Profuse Menses; yellowish, thick, offensive or 
corrosive discharge; Menses too soon and too long 
continued; too profuse and debilitating Menses; Con-. 
stant Bearing Down; Old Debilitating Leucorrhea. 

No. 13 — For Croup; Hoarse Cough, 
Oppressed Breathing 1 ; Horse, Croupy Cough; 
Inflammatory Croup; Spasmodic Croup, with Quick 
Pulse, Hot Skin, Difficult, Labored Breathing and 
Hoarse Cough; Laryngitis, with hoarseness, Pain in the 
Throat, Painful Cough and Scanty Expectoration; Loss 
of Voice. 

No. 14— For Eczema, Eruptions, Salt 
Rheum, Acne, Ulcers; Erysipelas, with Hot, 
Smooth, Swelled Skin or Blisters; Salt Rheum or 
Rough, Scaly, Chapped Eruption on the Hands or 
other parts; Pimples or Blotches on the Face; Prickly 
Heat; Nettle Rash, like Stings of Insects; Scald Head. 

No. 15 — For Rheumatism; Lameness, 
Stiffness and Soreness; Acute Rheumatism, with 
Painful, Hot Swelling of the part; Chronic Rheumatism, 
with Lameness, Stiffness and Soreness of the part; 
Sciatic Rheumatism, with pain in the Hip, Knee or 
Leg of the affected side; Lumbago, or pain across the 
Loins or Back ; Old Rheumatic Pains or Lameness. In 
alternation with No. 1, for the acute form; and in 
alternation with No. 10 for Chronic Rheumatism. 

No. 16— For Malaria, Fever and Ague, 
Dumb Ague, Intermitting Fever, Malarial 
Fevers; Effects of Malaria; Old suppressed Agues. 

No. 17— For Piles and Hemorrhoids, 
Blind or Bleeding, Internal or External, 

with Fullness, Itching and Burning; Inflamed, Hot, 
Burning, Sore Tumors around the Rectum ; Falling of 
the Rectum; Itching of the Anus. 

Apply Humphreys' Witch Hazel Ointment (Com p.) 
externally. 

No. 18— For Sore Eyes; Old Chronic, Sore, 
Inflamed or Weak Eyes, with Heat, Redness, Scalding 
Tears, and Dread of Light; Painful, Red, Inflamed 

281 



Eyelids with constant secretion of Mucus; Acute 
Inflamed Eyes or Eyelids., Also for Easy Fatigue of 
the eyes, from reading or effort; Intolerance of Light. 

No. 19 — For Catarrh, Dry or Flowing, 
Recent or Chronic; Influenza; Mucus Dis- 
charges from the Nose; Acute Catarrh, with flow of 
Scalding Mucus, Tears and Sneezing ; Old Chronic 
Catarrhs, with profuse discharge of Thick, sometfrnes 
Offensive Mucus, Obstructed Nose, and often Loss of 
Taste or Smell; Chronic Cold in the Head; Catarrn of 
Children: Offensive Breath with Catarrh; Cough, with 
Profuse discharge from the Nose, and Copious Expec- 
toration; Loose Catarrhal Cough in Children; Soreness, 
or Dry Crusts forming in the Nose, with dry or Moist 
Catarrh. 

No. 20 — For Whooping- Cough; Irritating, 
Spasmodic and Convulsive Coughs. Given 
early arrests the development of the Cough; and given 
at any stage; allays the irritation, moderates the Cough. 

No. 21— For Asthma, Difficult Breath- 
ing, Cough and Expectoration; Old Chronic 
Asthma, with attacks of Oppressed, Labored, Difficult 
Breathing. Cough and Expectoration; Dry Asthma; 
Humid Asthma; Stridulous or Sighing Respiration. 

No. 22— For Ear Discharges; Earache; 
Diseases of the Ear; Noise in the Head, 
Discharges from the Ear, in consequence of Measles, 
Scarlatina or other diseases; Inflammation of the In- 
ternal Ear; Old Offensive Discharges from the Ear, 
Noises. Buzzing Ringing or Piping in the Ears. 

No. 23— For Enlarged Glands or Tonsils; 

Enlarged or Inflamed Glands under the Jaw, around 
the Neck or under the Arm- pits; Itching and Burning 
of the Legs 

No. 24— Tonic Tablets for General 
Debility; A General Tonic for Loss of Ap- 
petite, Impaired or Weak Digestion; Physical 
and Nervous Weakness; Want of Strength, Las- 
situde, Tired. Weary Feeling, even on Waking; Easy 
Fatigue: Sweat on going to Sleep; Debility, the result of 
severe illness or drain upon the system; Want of Tone 
or Iron in the Blood An invaluable remedy for 
persons under severe mental or physical strain, or over- 
work, or the debility resulting from it. 

282 



No. 25— For Dropsy, Fluid Accumula- 
tions with Scanty Secretions; Anasarca or Gen- 
eral Dropsy; Dropsy of the Abdomen; Dropsy of the 
Chest, Heart or Head; Dropsy with Tumid, Doughy 
Swellings and Scanty Secretions; Dropsical Swelling of 
the Feet or Legs. 

No. 26 — For Nausea and Vomiting; Sea- 
Sickness and Sickness from Riding in Carriage, Rail- 
roads, Automobiles; Headache from Carriage or Cm- 
Riding. 

No. 27— For Disorders of the Kidney and 
Urinary System. Painful, Retarded. Scanty Urin- 
ation; Catarrh of the bladder in alternation with the 
No. 30; Sand and Unhealthy Deposits in the Urine; 
Thick, Turbid, Frothy Urine filled with mucus and 
brick-dust deposits; Too Frequent Discharge of Urine; 
Nightly Enuresis; Pain in the region of the Kidney 
and Bladder; Difficult, Slow, Interrupted and Insuffi- 
cient Discharge in old people; Bloody Urine or mixed 
with blood. Compare also No. 30. 

No. 28 — For Nervous Prostration or 
Neurasthenia. — A general condition of Neurasthenia 
or Nervous Prostration, want of energy, low spirits 
with backache, headache, etc. Lack of tone of the 
nervous system with sluggishness of the mind; difficult 
mental concentration; absent mindness; extreme nervous 
condition from anxiety, worry, business strain, over- 
study, etc. Functional weakness of various organs. 

$&- N. B— Packages of Three Flasks of Pills and 
One Flask of Powder and One of Tonic Tablets. — 

Powder to be taken each morning while the pills are 
taken noon and night, and the Tonic Tablets taken 
before each meal. 

No. 29— For Sore Mouth or Canker; Fever 

Blisters, Cold Sores on the Lips; Ulcerated Lips; S<>re 
Mouth or Canker in adults, children or infants; Nursing 
Sore Mouth; Morning Sickness of expectant Women; 
Indigestion; Ulceration or Canker of the Mouth. 

No. 30— For Diseases of the Urinary 
Organs; Urinary Incontinence; Frequent, Painful or 
Scalding Urination; Inability to retain the Urine: Catarrh 
of the Bladder; in alternation with No. 27; Frequent 
Scalding Urination, with Mucus Discharge; Urine loaded 

SS3 



with Mucus; Nightly Wetting-the-Bed in children; 
Nocturnal Urinary incontinence. No. 30 is to the 
bladder and passages what No. 27 is to the kidneys — 
hence so often used in connection. 

No. 31 — For Painful Menstruation; Spasms, 

Hysteria, Pruritus; Menstruation with Painful Bearing 
Down; Menses, with Painful, Pressive, Cutting, Griping, 
and even Spasms; Too Profuse Menses, with Pain and 
Distress; Itching and Burning Irritation of the Organs; 
Laughing, Crying, Hysterical Movements, or Cramps at 
the monthly period; Too Early and Too Long-continued 
Menses; Leucorrhea, like white of eggs. 

No. 32— For Disorders of the Heart, 

Palpitations, Flushes; Irregularities occurring at the 
Critical Age of Women, on Change of Life; Flushes of 
Heat; Irregular Menses, Wanting or Too Soon, Too 
Copious and Too Long, with great prostration, nervous 
and wakeful at the turn of life; Palpitation of the Heart; 
Irregular or Tumultuous Beating of the Heart; Violent 
Throbbing or Irregular Beating of the Heart; Painful 
Spasms through the Chest and Heart; Rheumatism of the 
Heart; Old Chronic Palpitations of the Heart. 

No. 33— For Cramps, Spasms, Convul- 
sions; Convulsions of children or adults with Loss of 
Consciousness; Spasms or Convulsions of children from 
the slightest cause; Convulsions of children from Teeth- 
ing, Fright or Mental Excitement; Cramps or Spasms of 
single limbs; St. Vitus' Dance, with Twitching, Jerking 
or Strange Motions of single features, muscles or parts; 
Hysterical Spasms of Hysteria; Easy Numbness of single 
parts. 

No. 34— For Sore Throat and Quinsy; 

Ulcerated Sore Throat, Tonsilitis, Ulcerated or Enlarged 
Tonsils; Painful, Difficult, Impeded Deglutition. 

No. 35 — For Chronic Congestions; Head- 
aches and Eruptions; Habitual Headaehes; Heat 
and Fullness of the Head; Headaches of children: Difficult 
Teething of children; Scurf and Eruption on the Head of 
young children; Liability to Take Cold from Slight 
Exposure. 

No. 40 — For Insomnia, Sleeplessness, 
Wakefulness, Restlessness and Nervousness. 

— Fullness or beating in the head, or red face, such as 
people of full habit are subject to, and from Indigestion. 

284 



Number "40" induces repose, and natural, 
refreshing sleep. 

No Narcotic, No Opiate, No Dope, No habit forming 
Drugs, Strictly Homeopathic. 

Take six pellets at bed time, or hourly, if wakeful 
during the night. A cracker or glass of milk at bed 
time, draws the blood from the head, accelerating the 
action of Number "40." 



No. 77— For Grip, Grippe, La Grippe, 
Influenza, Hay Fever; Flowing Eyes and Nose, 
Coryza; Sneezing, Cough; Feverishness, Restlessness, 
Irritability; Heat or Dryness of Throat, Thirst; Pain and 
Soreness in Head, Back and Lungs; General Prostration 
and Despondency. For La Grippe, or Epidemic Influenza. 
Colds which are obstinate, that "hang on" and do not 
yield to treatment, find relief from No. 77. For extreme 
fever, alternate with No. 1; for Violent Cough or Chest 
Pains, alternate with No, 7. But in general, the No. 77 
is sufficient. 

First Symptoms. — Coryza, or nasal irritation or dis- 
charge, cough, sore throat; headache, backache; and 
general depression. 

More Serious Symptoms. — Pain in head, back, chest, 
or limbs, sometimes of sudden and prostrating neuralgic 
character; sometimes cerebral excitement; even delirium; 
extreme prostration, languor or debility, depression of mind, 
even after the first violence of the attack has passed 
away; bronchitis or broncho-pneumonia may become serious 
complications. 

"Rose," "Hay," "Autumn" or "Peach" Catarrh. 
— For this, to which some persons are remarkably suscep- 
tible (coming on annually, generally between 20th of 
August and 1st of October), No. 77 is an invaluable 
remedy. Taken early, days before the attack, continued 
persistently four times a day, it relieves the sneezing, 
lacrymation and asthma; and by its continued use, j 
season to season, tends to lesson the liability of the disease. 

Moderation in the use of coffee and tobacco; avoid- 
ance of exposure; keeping warm and using only light 
easily digestible food, will greatly aid the beneficent 
action of No. 77. 

No. 24 Tonic Tablets will be found beneficial 
after an attack. 

285 



INDEX 



Abortion, in horses , 121 

Abortion, in cattle 178 

Abortion, in sheep and goats , 205 

Abscess, in horse 17 

Abscess, in dog 219 

Abscess, of the ears 230 

Abscess, of the poll 18 

Actinomycosis, in horses 128 

Actinomycosis, in cattle 142 

Action and structure of the heart 65 

Albugo, or spot in the eye 61 

Alternation of remedies 10 

Amaurosis, in horses 61 

Amaurosis, in dogs 227 

Anemic palpitation 74 

Aneurism 77 

Angina 232 

Anthrax, in horses 131 

Anthrax, in cattle 141 

Apoplexy, in horses 79 

Apoplexy, in sheep and goats 193 

Apoplexy, in dogs 222 

Appetite, excessive 163 

Appetite, loss of, in horses 105 

Appetite, loss of, in poultry 266 

Articular cartilage, ulceration of the 49 

Aspergillosis 258 

Asthma 234 

Atrophy of the heart, , , 72 

Azoturia , , , , 129 

Bearing, inflammation of the, . . , . , , ,.,,,»,.,, . 2°9 



INDEX 

tack 

Bees, Hornets, etc. , stings of 44 

Big jaw, in horses 128 

Big jaw, in cattle 14- 

Bites, frost 263 

Biting crib L05 

Blackhead 258 

Bladder, inflammation of the, in horses L16 

Bladder, inflammation of the, in cattle l~ (l 

Bladder, inflammation of the, in dogs 247 

Black leg, in cattle 133 

Black leg, in sheep 189 

Black Tongue 221 

Black Water ^2 

Blind Staggers 80 

Blood poisoning ' -•' 

Bloody urine, in horses H" 

Bloody urine, in cattle 1 '0 

Blotch 2^0 

Blown, in cattle 15 ' 

Blown, in sheep and goats 

Boils » 251 

Bones, caries of 'the 

Bots I1:; 

Boulimia 

Bound bowels, in horses 

Bound bowels, in dogs 

Bound, crop 

Bound, egg 

Bowels, bound, in horses 

.> i.i 

Bowels, bound, in dogs 

Bowels, inflammation of the, in horses 

Bowels, inflammation of the, in cattle 

Bowels, inflammation of the, in sheep and goata 

Bowels, inflammation of the, in dogs 

Brain, inflammation of the, in horses 

Brain, inflammation of the, in sheep and goats. 

™ -, • 258 

Brooder pneumonia 

Broken knee 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Broken wind 93 

Bronchitis, in horses 95 

Bronchitis, in cattle 147 

Bronchitis, in sheep and goats 198 

Bronchitis, in dogs 233 

Bronchitis, in poultry 259 

Bronchitis, from worms 150 

Bruise 181 

Brushing, or cutting 42 

Bumble Foot 259 

Burns 181 

Calving, cleaning after 173 

Calving, dropping after 175 

Calving, flooding after 173 

Cancer 221 

Canine madness 224 

Canker, external 230 

Canker, in the ear 229 

Canker, in the mouth 237 

Canker and Thrush 59 

Capped elbow * 35 

Capped hock ' 36 

Care and housing of sick animals. 13 

Caries, of the bones 186 

Cataract, in horses 62 

Cataract, in dogs 228 

Catarrh, Gastro-Duodinal 245 

Catarrh, in horse 88 

Catarrh, in cattle 145 

Catarrh, in sheep and goats 197 

Catarrh, in dogs 232 

Cattle, diseases of, 133-188 

Charbon 131 

Chest founder 217 

Chest, inflammation of the, in horses 98 

Chest, inflammation of the, in dogs 235 

Chill 87 

Chirp 268 



INDII 

PAOl 

Choking, in cattle 183 

Choking, in dogs 246 

Cholera, Hog 255 

Cholera, or <k Skitt" in young calves 161 

Cholera, in poultry 260 

Choose the remedy, how to 11 

Chorea 224 

Chronic rheumatism 124 

Circulatory system, diseases of the 65-78 

Cistitis, in horses 116 

Cistitis, in cattle 170 

Cistitis, in dogs 247 

Cleaning after calving 173 

Cold, in horses 88 

Cold, in cattle 145 

Cold, in sheep and goats 197 

Cold, in dogs 232 

Cold, in the head L45 

Colic and enteritis, difference between 202 

Colic, in horses 106 

Colic, in cattle 156, 16<i 

Colic, in sheep and goats 201 

Colic, in dogs 239 

Colic, red 109 

Colic, wind llls 

Constipation, in cattle L57 

Constipation, in sheep and goats 208 

Constipation, in dogs 2^2 

Consumption 

Contused wounds, in horses 

Contused wounds, in cattle 

Convulsions, in cattle 

Cornea, opacity of the 

Corns.. :,) 

Coryza, in cattle 

Coryza, in dogs 

Costiveness 

Cough, in horses 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Cough, in cattle 147 

Cough, in sheep and goats 197 

Cough, in dogs 236 

Crack, sand, quarter 53 

Cramps 261 

Crib-biting 105 

Crop, bound 261 

Cud, loss of the 155 

Curb 36 

Cutting or brushing 42 

Deafness 230 

Dentition 103 

Diaphragm, spasm of the, (hiccough) 75-76 

Diaphragm, spasm of the, (palpitation) 75-76 

Diarrhea, in cattle 160-161 

Diarrhea, in sheep and goats 202 

Diarrhea, in dogs 241 

Diarrhea and dysentery (scouring) in poultry. . . 261 

Diarrhea, white 269 

Diet, of sick animals 13 

Digestive organs, diseases of the, in horses 103-114 

Digestive organs, diseases of the, in cattle 153-168 

Digestive organs, diseases of the, in sheep & goats 200-204 

Digestive organs, diseases of the, in dogs 237-246 

Dilatation, of the heart 73 

Dipping, scab and ticks 21 1-214 

Diseases of Horses 17-132 

Diseases of Cattle 133-188 

Diseases of Sheep and Goats 189-214 

Diseases of the Dog 215-256 

Diseases of Swine and Hogs 255-256 

Diseases of Poultry 257-270 

Dislocations, Sprains or Strains 39-42 

Distemper, in horses 90 

Distemper, in dogs 215 

Distentions from Gas 200 

Distentions from impacted food 200 

Diuresis 118 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Dizziness I <,- 

Docking o- 

Dog, diseases of the 21.5-256 

Doses, how much 9 

Doses and preparing Remedies, in poultry 257 

Doses and preparing Remedies, in sheep & goata 189 

Dropping after calving 175 

Dropsy, in horses 20 

Dropsy, in sheep and goats 203 

Dropsy, in dogs 218 

Dropsy, of the heart 67 

Drum-belly, in horses 108 

Drum-belly, in cattle 157 

Dry Murrain It;: 1 , 

Dysentery 24 1 

Dysentery and diarrhea (scouring) in poultry. . . 261 

Dysentery- Johnes Disease L62 

Ears, abscess of the 230 

Ear, canker in the 229 

Ears, eyes, nose, etc. , diseases of the 227-231 

Eating feathers 263 

Eczema, in horses 21 

Eczema, in cattle I s " 

Eczema, epizootica, in cattle 134 

Eczema epizootica, in sheep and goats L90 

Eczema, in dogs 250 

Eczema of the eyelids 

Egg bound 

Eggs, soft 

Elbow, capped 

Embolism 

Emissions, seminal 

Encephalitis 

Endocarditis 

Enlargement of the heart 

Enteritis and colic, difference between 202 

Enteritis, in horses , 

Enteritis, in cattle, . , — ,,..,. 1 ? .. 1 }05'!6ii 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Enteritis, in sheep and goats 202 

Enteritis, in dogs „ 240 

Enteritis — gastro . . . 164 

Epilepsy, in horses 79 

Epilepsy, in cattle 138 

Epilepsy, in sheep and goats 194 

Epilepsy, in dogs 223 

Epizootica, eczema, in cattle 134 

Epizootica, eczema, in sheep and goats 190 

Esophagus, foreign bodies in the 246 

Exeessive appetite 163 

Extremities and skin, diseases of the 250-254 

External canker 230 

Eye, Albugo or spot in the 61 

Eyes, diseases of the, in horses 61-64 

Eyes, ears, nose, etc., diseases of the 227-231 

Eyelids, eczema of the 228 

Eye, inflammation of the, in -horses 62 

Eye, inflammation of the, in cattle 138 

Eye, inflammation of the, in dogs 227 

Eye, injuries to the 64 

Eye, pink 90 

Failure to come in heat, in horses 120 

Failure to come in heat, in cattle 172 

Falling and protrusiori of the womb 179 

Fardel bound 163 

Farcy 125 

Feather eating 263 

Feet and Legs, diseases of the 45-60 

Feet, inflammation of the 46 

Feet, sore 254 

Fet-lock, sprains of the 40 

Fever 125 

Fever, milk 175 

Fever, puerperal 175 

Fever, simple or inflammatory 216 

Fever, swamp 126 

Filaria Immitis 245 



■fast 

PAGE 

Fistulas , 17 

Fistula Lachry uialis 2fS9 

Fistula of the withers ig 

Fits, in horse 7!> 

Fits, in cattle 199 

Fits, in sheep and goats 194 

Fits, in dogs 223 

Flanks, heaving of the 157 

Flea 

Flooding after calving 1 7.5 

Flukes, in cattle 1 68 

Flukes, in sheep and goats 203 

Fly 210 

Foot and Mouth Disease, in cattle 134 

Foot and Mouth Disease, in sheep and goats — 100 

Foot, bumble £59 

Foot, prick in the S6 

Foot-Rot, in cattle 199 

Foot-Rot, in sheep and goats 207 

Foreign bodies in the Esophagus 246 

Formation of joints 4s 

Foul, in the foot 1 39 

Founder, in horses 46 

Founder, in sheep and goats 204 

Fractures, in horses 37-39 

Fractures, in cattle 186 

Fractures, in dogs 

Fractures, in poultry 

Frost bites 

Furuncles 

Gadfly 

Gapes ■ 

Garget, in cattle .% 

Garget, in sheep and goats 

Gastritis, in cattle. 

Gastritis, in dogs 

Gastro-duodinal catarrh 

Gastro-enteritis 



INDEX 

PAGE 

General diseases, in horses 123-132 

General diseases, in cattle 133-144 

General diseases, in sheep and goats 189-192 

General diseases, in dogs 215-221 

Gid 195 

Giddiness 265 

Give the remedy, how to 11 

Glanders 125 

Gleet 248 

Gleet, nasal 97 

Goats and Sheep, diseases of 189-214 

Gonorrhea 248 

Gout 265 

Grain-sick 157 

Gripes 201 

Grippe 88 

Gutta Serena, in horses 61 

Gutta Serena, in dogs 227 

Haunch, sprain of the 183 

Haunch, sprains of the muscles of the 41 

Haw, the 63 

Head and Nervous System, diseases of the 222-226 

Head, cold in the 145 

Heart, atrophy of the 72 

Heart, dilatation of the 73 

Heart, dropsy of the 67 

Heart, enlargement of the 71 

Heart, structure and action of the 66 

Heat, failure to come in, in horses 120 

Heat, failure to come in, in cattle 172 

Heaves 93 

Heaving of the flanks 157 

Hematuria, in horses 116 

Hematuria, in cattle 170 

Hemoglobinuria 142 

Hemorrhage , 254 

Hide bound, in horses, ,,,,:,,,,., 22 

Hide bound* in cattle, , , , , s M , , ,* , , , , * s f , , » , , , ( J40 



INDEX 

PAGE 



Hints for Practice ,..-.. 15 

Hip joint lameness 4 1 

Hock, capped •;,; 

Hock, sprain of the 4.] 

Hog cholera 255 

Hogs and swine, diseases of 265-256 

Hoose t 45 

Hoove, in cattle 1 57 

Hoove, in sheep and goats 200 

Hornets, bees, etc. , stings of 44 

Horses, diseases of 17-132 

Horse distemper qq 

Horse, lameness in 45 

Housing and care of sick animals 13 

How often to give the remedy 10 

How to choose the remedy 11 

How to give the remedy 11 

How to feel the pulse 14 

Hydrophobia 195 

Hypertrophy 71 

111 condition 106 

Impaction of the omasum 163 

Impotence in stallions ] 1 << 

Incised wounds, in horses 30 

Incised wounds, in cattle 184 

Indigestion, in horses L06 

Indigestion, in dogs : 

Indigestion, in poultry 

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, horses 

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, cattle 147 

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, sheep and goats L98 

Inflammation of the bearing 206 

Inflammation of the bladder, in horses L16 

Inflammation of the bladder, in cattle 170 

Inflammation of tiie bladder, in doga LM7 

Inflammation of the bowels, in horses 100 

Inflammation of the bowels, in cattle 166 

Inflammation of the bowels, in sheep and goats. 202 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Inflammation of the bowels, in dogs 240 

Inflammation of the brain, in horses 81 

Inflammation of the brain, in sheep and goats. . 193 

Inflammation of the chest, in horses - 98 

Inflammation of the chest, in dogs '235 

Inflammation of the eye, in horses 62 

Inflammation of the eye, in cattle 138 

Inflammation of the eye, in dogs , 227 

Inflammation of the feet 46 

Inflammation of the kidneys, in horses 115 

Inflammation of the kidneys, in cattle 169 

Inflammation of the larynx , 96 

Inflammation of the lungs, in cattle 149 

Inflammation of the lungs, in sheep and goats. . 199 

Inflammation of the lymphatics 127 

Inflammation of the peritoneum, in horses Ill 

Inflammation of the peritoneum, in cattle 167 

Inflammation of the stomach, in cattle 164 

Inflammation of the stomach, in dogs 240 

Inflammation of the teats 249 

Inflammation of the udder, in cattle 174 

Inflammation of the udder, in sheep and goats. . 206 

Inflammatory or simple fever 216 

Influenza 8Q 

Injuries and wounds, mechanical, in horses. . . . 29-44 

Injuries and wounds, mechanical, in cattle 181-188 

Injuries and wounds, mechanical, in dogs 250-254 

Injuries to the eye 64 

Inversion of the womb 248 

Irregular teeth, in horses 103 

Irregular teeth, in cattle 164 

Jagged wounds, or lacerated 31 

Jaundice, in horses 112 

Jaundice, in dogs 245 

Johnes disease — dysentery 162 

Joint disease, navicular 52 

Joints, formation of 48 

Kennel lameness 217 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Kidneys, inflammation of the, in horses 115 

Kidneys, inflammation of the, in cattle I 69 

Knee, broken 43 

Lacerated wounds, in horses 31 

Lacerated wounds, in cattle 1 s;> 

Laceration of the tongue .",4 

Lacteal tumors 220 

Lameness, hip joint 41 

Lameness, in horses 45 

Lameness, in sheep and goats 207 

Laminitis 46 

Lampas 1 04 

Laryngitis, in horses 96 

Laryngitis, in sheep and goats 198 

Larynx, inflammation of the 96 

Legs and feet, diseases of 46-60 

Legs, scaly 262 

Legs, swelled 24 

Leg weakness 21 16 

Lice, in horses 25 

Lice, in poultry 265 

Liver disease, in horses 1 1 - 

Liver disease, in poultry 2fi6 

Liver fluke disease LQ8 

Liver rot, in sheep and goats 182 

Lock-jaw 82 

Locomotion and skin, diseases of , 207-210 

Loins, sprain of the • 83 

Loss of appetite, in horses 106 

Loss of appetite, in poultry 266 

Loss of the cud ' '• ' 

Louping ill IW 

Louse , 

Lumbago, in cattle 

Lungs, inflammation of, in horses 

Lungs, inflammation of, in cattle 149 

Lungs, inflammation of, in sheep and goats 199 

Luxation of the patella, or stifle '' ' 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Lymphatics, inflammation of the 127 

Madness, in sheep and goats 195 

Madness, in dogs 224 

Mad staggers 81 

Mange, in horses 23 

Mange, in cows 140 

Mange, in dogs 253 

Mares, parturition in 118 

Maw-bound, in cattle 157 

Maw-bound, in sheep and goats 200 

Mechanical injuries and wounds, in horses 29-44 

Mechanical injuries and wounds, in cattle 181-188 

Mechanical injuries and wounds, in dogs 250-254 

Megrims 80 

Methods of preparing remedies, in poultry 257 

Methods of preparing remedies, in sheep and goats 189 

Milk fever 175 

Moulting 267 

Mouth and foot disease, in cattle 134 

Mouth and foot disease, in sheep and goats 190 

Mouth, canker in the 237 

Murrain, dry 163 

Muscles, of the haunch, sprain of the 41 

Muscles, sprain of the psoas 40 

Nasal gleet 97 

Navicular joint disease 52 

Nephritis, in horses 115 

Nephritis, in cattle 169 

Nephritis, in dogs 247 

Nervous system and head, diseases of, in dogs. . 222-226 

Nervous system, diseases of, in horses 79-86 

Nervous system, diseases of, in sheep and goats. 193-196 

Nibblers 194 

Nose, eyes, ears, etc., diseases of, in dogs 227-231 

Nose, ulceration of the 231 

Omasum, impaction of the 163 

Opacity of the cornea 61 

Ophthalmia, in horses 62 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Ophthalmia, in cattle , 138 

Ophthalmia, in dogs 227 

Organs of generation, diseases of, in sheep 205-206 

Over-reach and tread 42-43 

Palpitation 74 

Palpitation, anemic 74 

Palsy 222 

Paralysis, in horses 81 

Paralysis, in dogs 222 

Parturition, in cattle „ 171 

Parturition, in mares 118 

Patella, luxation of the, or stifle 40 

Pericarditis 67 

Peritoneum, inflammation of the, in horses Ill 

Peritoneum, inflammation of the, in cattle 167 

Peritonitis, in horses Ill 

Peritonitis, in cattle 167 

Pharyngitis 146 

Phrenitis 81 

Pink Eye 90 

Pip 268 

Plants, poisonous 186 

Pleurisy, in horses 

Pleurisy, in cattle 148 

Pleurisy, in dogs 235 

Pneumonia, brooder 258 

Pneumonia, in horses 

Pneumonia, in cattle 

Pneumonia, in sheep and goats 

Pneumonia, in dogs 

Pock • 208 

Poisonous plants 

Poll, abscess of the 

Pollevil ^ 18 

Poultry, diseases of 257-2/0 

Poultry, doses and methods of preparing remedies 

Prick in the foot 

Preparing reme4tes, for use, in sheep *na &oftta, 1W 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Preparing remedies, for use, in poultry. 257 

Protrusion and falling of the womb 179 

Psoas muscles, sprain of the 40 

Pterygium 228 

Puerperal Fever 175 

Puffs . 50 

Pulse, directions for feeling 14 

Punctured wounds 33 

Purpura Hemorrhagica 127 

Quarter Crack : 53 

Quittor 56 

Rabies, in sheep and goats 195 

Rabies, in dogs 224 

Red colic I 109 

Red water 142 

Remedies, alternation of 10 

Remedies, doses and preparing, in sheep and goats 189 

Remedies, doses and preparing, in poultry 257 

Remedies, how to choose 11 

Remedies, how to give 11 

Repetitions, how often 10 

Reproductive and urinary organs, in horses 115-122 

Reproductive and urinary organs, in cattle 189-180 

Reproductive organs, in sheep 205-206 

Respiratory organs, diseases of, in horses 87-102 

Respiratory organs, diseases of, in cattle 145-152 

Respiratory organs, diseases of, in sheep — goats. 197-199 

Respiratory organs, diseases of, in dogs. . ." 232-236 

Retention of urine 117 

Rheumatism, chronic 124 

Rheumatism, in horses 123 

Rheumatism, in cattle 137 

Rheumatism, in sheep and goats 207 

Rheumatism, in dogs 217 

Rheumatism, in poultry : : 265 

Ring bone i : : 59 

Ringworm „ . . . . 25 

Rottenness, in cattle 168 



INDEX 

PAGE 



Rottenness, in sheep and goats 203 

Roup ; . . . . 268 

Rumination, in cattle 153 

Sand crack 53 

Saddle Galls 34 

Salivation, in horses 114 

Salivation, in dogs 237 

Scab, ticks and dipping 211-214 

Scaly legs .... 262 

Scanty urination, in horses 117 

Scanty urination, in cattle 169 

Scouring 160 

Scouring, diarrhea and dysentery, in poultry. . . 261 

Seedy toe • 51 

Self-abuse 119 

Seminal emissions 119 

Serous cyst, in horses 34 

Serous cyst, in dogs 230 

Sexual vigor, weak or deficient 119 

Sick animals, diet of 13 

Sick animals, housing and care 13 

Simple or inflammatory fever 216 

Sitfast 34 

Skin and extremities, diseases of, in dogs 250-254 

Skin and locomotion, diseases of, in sheep 207-210 

Skin diseases 17-28 

Skitt or cholera, in young calves 161 

Slavering 114 

Soft eggs Mi 

Sore feet ! 254 

Sore Throat, in cattle 146 

Sore Throat, in dogs 232 

Spasm of the diaphragm (palpitation) 75-76 

Spavin 57 

Speedy-cut 42 

Spinal Meningitis 85 

Spiint 58 

Sponge • 26 



INDEX 

FAGK 

Spot in the eye or albugo 61 

Sprains, in cattle 182-183 

Sprains or strains, in horses , 39-42 

Staggers 195 

Staking 35 

Staling, too profuse 118 

Stallions, impotence in 119 

Sterility, in horses 120 

Sterility, in cattle 172 

Stifle joint, sprain of the 41 

Stifle or luxation of the patella 40 

Stings of bees, hornets, etc 44 

Stomach, inflammation of the, in cattle 164 

Stomach, inflammation of the, in dogs 240 

Stomatitis 162 

Strains or sprains 39-42 

Structure and action of the heart 65 

Sturdy 195 

St. Vitus' Dance 224 

Suppressed or scanty urination 169 

Surfeit 250 

Swamp fever 125 

Sweating 26 

Swelled legs 24 

Swellings 27 

Swelling of the teats 25 

Sweeny 19 

Swine and hogs, diseases of 255-256 

Synovitis 49 

Teats, inflammation of the 249 

Teats, sore 1 74 

Teats, swelling of the 25 

Teeth, diseases of the 238 

Teething, difficult 103 

Teeth, irregular, in horses , 103 

Teeth, irregular, in cattle 164 

Tetanus. . , , 82 

Tex&i'fever. ,..,,,,..., ,,.,,. t ...,,. , 142 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Tick 252 

Ticks, scab and dipping 21 1-214 

Thick wind 93 

Thread-worm ,(Filaria Immitis'i 245 

Throat, sore, in cattle 146 

Throat, sore, in dogs 232 

Throat worms 264 

Thrush and canker 59 

Toe seedy 51 

Tongue, black 221 

Tongue, lacerated 34 

Treads and over- reaches 42-4."> 

Trotters . 194 

True spasm of the diaphragm (hiccough) 75-76 

Tubercles 26 

Tuberculosis, in cattle 151 

Tuberculosis, in poultry 260 

Tumors, in horses 27 

Tumors, in dogs ; 219 

Tumors, lacteal 220 

Turn-sick 195 

Tympanitis, in horses 10S 

Tympanitis in cattle 157 

Tympanitis, in sheep and goats 20<> 

Udder, inflammation of the, in cattle 174 

Udder, inflammation of the, in sheep and goats. 

Ulcers 

Ulceration of articular cartilage 

Ulceration of the nose 

Urinary and generative system , diseases of, indogs 247-24!' 

Urinary and reproductive organs, in horses 1 16-122 

Urinary and reproductive organs, in cattle L69-180 

Urine, bloody, in horses 

Urine, bloody, in cattle 

Urine, retention of 

Urine, scanty, in horses 

Urine, scanty, in cattle *■*>, 

Varicose veins 



INDEX 

PAGE 

Veins, varicose 77 

Vertigo 80 

Vomiting 239 

Warbles, in horses 34 

Warbles, in cattle 188 

Warts 28 

Weed 127 

Weak or deficient sexual vigor 119 

Weakness, leg '. 265 

Whistles 93 

White diarrhea. . . .- 269 

Wind, broken, 93 

Wind colic 108 

Windgalls 50 

Wind, thick 93 

Withers, fistula of the 19 

Womb, falling and protrusion of the 179 

Womb, inversion of the 248 

Worms, bronchitis from • 150 

Worms, in horses 113 

Worms, in dogs 242 

Worms, thread 245 

Worms, throat 264 

Wounds and injuries, mechanical, in horses 29-44 

Wounds and injuries, mechanical, in cattle 181-188 

Yellows 112 



Humphreys' Remedies for Family Use 
see pages 279 to 285. 



Medicines by Mail or Express 

$m- FIRST APPLY AY YOUR DRUG STORE 

Dr. Humphreys' Remedies, from a single vial to a full case or 
box, sent prepaid to any address on receipt of price. 

Send post office money order, express money order, or register 
the letter for safety. 



CHAINGE IN POST OFFICE REGULATIONS NOW ALLOW 

PARCEL POST C. O. D. 

If you cannot obtain from your druggist any article 
mentioned in this book — we will send it C. O. D. 
(collect on delivery) by Parcel Post. 

HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MEDiCINE COMPANY 
Corner William and Ann Sts., New York 



BEWARE OF I3IITATIONS 



They are dear at any prick, always a delusion and a snare. 
sure at some time to leave yon in the lurch. Imitations 

UTTERLY UNRELIABLE IN PRACTICE, and are only made LO Sell HI" 

the reputation of the original. The few cents saved in the 
of a bottle, often ^osts the life of a valuable animal. If it 
worth using at all, it is worth getting 1 1 1. * original ami best, ins 
of an imitation. You are only safe in buying HUMPHREYS' 
VETERINARY REMEDIES, properly Labeled, Lettered and 
with Name and Trade Mark blown in Bottle. 
None others are GENUINE or WORTHY of the 
LEAST CONFIDENCE, l^"' Every Extensive 1' 
Breeder who has for any considerable time dsed i 
Imitations HAS LUST VALUABLE STOCK IN CONSEQUENCE. 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




